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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Potential for Carbon Sequestration Through Reforestation of Abandoned Tropical Agricultural and Pasture Lands (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Approximately half of the tropical biome is in some stage of recovery from past human disturbance, most of which is in secondary forests growing on abandoned agricultural lands and pastures. Reforestation of these abandoned lands, both natural and managed, has been proposed as a means to help offset increasing carbon emissions to the atmosphere. In this paper we discuss the potential of these forests to serve as sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide in aboveground biomass and soils. A review of literature data shows that aboveground biomass increases at a rate of 6.2 Mg ha−1 yr−1 during the first 20 years of succession, and at a rate of 2.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 over the first 80 years of regrowth. During the first 20 years of regrowth, forests in wet life zones have the fastest rate of aboveground carbon accumulation with reforestation, followed by dry and moist forests. Soil carbon accumulated at a rate of 0.41 Mg ha−1yr−1 over a 100-year period, and at faster rates during the first 20 years (1.30 Mg carbon ha−1 yr−1). Past land use affects the rate of both above- and belowground carbon sequestration. Forests growing on abandoned agricultural land accumulate biomass faster than other past land uses, while soil carbon accumulates faster on sites that were cleared but not developed, and on pasture sites. Our results indicate that tropical reforestation has the potential to serve as a carbon offset mechanism both above- and belowground for at least 40 to 80 years, and possibly much longer. More research is needed to determine the potential for longer-term carbon sequestration for mitigation of atmospheric CO2 emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80054.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOLOGY OF MAMMALIAN L1 RETROTRANSPOSONS (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 35 (2001), S. 501-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract L1 retrotransposons comprise 17% of the human genome. Although most L1s are inactive, some elements remain capable of retrotransposition. L1 elements have a long evolutionary history dating to the beginnings of eukaryotic existence. Although many aspects of their retrotransposition mechanism remain poorly understood, they likely integrate into genomic DNA by a process called target primed reverse transcription. L1s have shaped mammalian genomes through a number of mechanisms. First, they have greatly expanded the genome both by their own retrotransposition and by providing the machinery necessary for the retrotransposition of other mobile elements, such as Alus. Second, they have shuffled non-L1 sequence throughout the genome by a process termed transduction. Third, they have affected gene expression by a number of mechanisms. For instance, they occasionally insert into genes and cause disease both in humans and in mice. L1 elements have proven useful as phylogenetic markers and may find other practical applications in gene discovery following insertional mutagenesis in mice and in the delivery of therapeutic genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.091032
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mouse model of human L1 retrotransposition (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 32 (2002), S. 655-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The L1 retrotransposon has had an immense impact on the size and structure of the human genome through a variety of mechanisms, including insertional mutagenesis. To study retrotransposition in a living organism, we created a mouse model of human L1 retrotransposition. Here we show that L1 elements ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid amplification of a retrotransposon subfamily is evolving the mouse genome (1998)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 20 (1998), S. 288-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Retrotransposition affects genome structure by increasing repetition and producing insertional mutations. Dispersion of the retrotransposon L1 throughout mammalian genomes suggests that L1 activity might be an important evolutionary force. Here we report that L1 retrotransposition contributes ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/3104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mohs' micrographic surgery for treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the face——results of a retrospective study and review of the literature (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background   The incidence of skin cancer and especially basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has increased in the last decade and is still increasing. Many treatment modalities can be used to treat BCC; surgical excision is the most frequently used. Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS) is an advanced excision technique which is often used to treat BCC in the U.S.A. In Europe it is practised less frequently.Objective  The aim of this article was to evaluate the efficiency of MMS for the treatment of facial BCC.Methods  In a retrospective study recurrence rates after the treatment of facial BCC by MMS were estimated by reviewing the records of all patients with BCCs (620 patients with 720 BCCs) treated by MMS in our department from April 1992 until December 1999.Results  The 5-year recurrence rates estimated from this study were 3·2% for primary BCC and 6·7% for recurrent BCC. Prognostic factors for recurrence are: an aggressive histopathological subtype, more than four Mohs' stages, a large defect size and a recurrent BCC.Conclusion  Based on the fact that MMS provides the lowest recurrence rates, it is the treatment of first choice for primary facial BCCs with an aggressive histopathological subtype and for recurrent BCCs in the face.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06047.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene therapy for glioblestome multiforme: in vivo tumor transduction with the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene followed by ganciclovir (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 75 (1997), S. 300-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronavigation Computerassistierte Neurochirurgie (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuronavigation ; Computer-assistierte Neurochirurgie ; Bildgestütztes Operieren ; Rahmenlose Stereotaxie ; Gliomchirurgie ; Key words Neuronavigation ; Computer-assisted neurosurgery ; Image-guided surgery ; Frameless stereotaxy ; Glioma surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The use of stereotactic methods for the resection of subcortical lesions is heavily advoacted in clinical neurosurgery introducing the term „neuronavigation”. Though being an unequivacally elegant technique for the localisation and delineation of pathological lesions in the central nervous system neuronavigation has not been validated by any prospective randomized controlled trial. The method is prone to significant errors as to the intraoperative localisation based upon preoperative threedimensional images. The maximum error can be up to 2.6 cm depending on the extent of the so-called brain shift. In comparison classical frame based stereotaxy has a mean error of ±1 mm and remains the gold standard for the exact threedimensional localisation of a given lesion. The value of neuronavigation is evident for small deep seated vascular lesions. For metastatic tumors or skull base tumors the usefullness is rather marginal because alternative therapies are available with proven and equivalent efficacy and reduced morbidity on one hand, and because of the anatomy of the tumor which makes neuronavigation unnecessary. For the currently most common application of neuronavigation, i.e. surgery of gliomas, no significant improvements of therapeutic results can be expected from neuronavigation. The biology of gliomas limits any mechanical approaches.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der stereotaktischen Methode für die Resektion von tiefliegenden Prozessen wird unter dem Begriff „Neuronavigation” in der klinischen Neurochirurgie vehement propagiert. Der Wert dieses unstrittig eleganten Verfahrens zur Lokalisation und Abgrenzung pathologischer Prozesse im ZNS ist bislang nicht durch prospektiv-kontrollierte, randomisierte Studien belegt. Die Methode ist mit einer erheblichen Fehlerbreite bzgl. der intraoperativen Lokalisation auf der Basis präoperativer dreidimensionaler Bilder behaftet („brain shift”). Dem gegenüber ist die klassische rahmengeführte Stereotaxie mit einer Genauigkeit von ±1 mm weiterhin der Gold-Standard für die exakte dreidimensionale Lokalisation eines Prozesses. Wenngleich der Wert der Neuronavigation für kleine, tiefsitzende, insbesondere vaskuläre Prozesse einleuchtet, ist der Wert bei Metastasen und Schädelbasistumoren nur sehr relativ, da hier entweder alternative Therapieverfahren mit gleicher Effizienz bei geringer Morbidität vorliegen oder weil aufgrund anatomischer Gegebenheiten die Neuronavigation entbehrlich ist. Für die derzeit häufigste Anwendung der Neuronavigation, der Gliomchirurgie, ist aus bekannten Gründen, die in der Biologie der Gliome liegen, keine Verbesserung der Operations-ergebnisse zu erwarten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050474
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuere Operationstechniken in der Axilla bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom (2000)
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 246-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mammakarzinom ; Axilla ; Lymphknotenmetastasen ; Sentinel Lymphknoten ; Biopsie ; Endoskopische Axilladissektion ; Key words Breast cancer ; Axillary lymphatic metastasis ; Sentinel node ; Endoscopic axillary dissection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Axillary lymph node dissection for node sampling is one of the most important staging procedures when mammary carcinoma is treated surgically. The operative technique applied so far is the most significant contributory factor in the morbidity of surgical treatment, however. For this reason, the last few years have seen increasing efforts to find alternative techniques that will reduce the morbidity particularly in the case of node-negative carcinoma of the breast. As well as the endoscopic procedure, limiting the axillary dissection to biopsy of the sentinel lymph node might have promising results.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die axilläre Lymphonodektomie ist mit das wichtigste Staging-Verfahren bei der operativen Therapie des Mammakarzinoms. Die bisherige Operationstechnik trägt jedoch zum größten Teil der Morbidität bei der operativen Behandlung bei. Deshalb wird seit einigen Jahren verstärkt nach alternativen Techniken gesucht, die die Morbidität insbesondere beim nodalnegativen Mammakarzinom senken. Hier könnte neben dem endoskopischen Verfahren insbesondere die Reduzierung der Axilladissektion auf die Biopsie des Wächterlymphknotens erfolgsversprechende Ergebnisse zeigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001290050543
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereotaktische Behandlung der Bewegungsstörungen (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bewegungsstörungen ; M. Parkinson ; Stereotaxie ; Tremor ; Hirnstimulation ; Key words Stereotactic surgery ; Parkinson’s disease ; Movement disorders ; Thalamotomy ; Pallidotomy ; Brain ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Stereotactic surgery for movement disorders is currently undergoing a re-evaluation. A new understanding of the pathophysiology makes the surgical lesion a logical step for the aleviation of both hyperkinetic symptoms such as tremor and hypokinetic symptoms like bradykinesia. Advances in imaging and electrophysiological control render these procedures more accurate and safer. Indications are medically refractory, Parkinsonean tremor, essential tremor, cerebellar tremor, bradykinesia and L-Dopa induced dyskinesis. The standard procedure is ablative surgery, i.e. thalamotomy for tremors and pallidotomy for bradykinesia, dystonia and L-Dopa induced dyskinesias. Deep brain stimulation is a novel alternative for selected patients which is currently evaluated. Neural transplantation of autologus, fetal or genetically manipulated cell suspensions into the striatum for the time being is experimental.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die chirurgische, d.h. stereotaktische Behandlung von Bewegungsstörungen erfährt derzeit eine Neubewertung. Neue Einsichten in die Pathophysiologie der Bewegungsstörungen haben dazu geführt, daß der stereotaktische Eingriff als begründeter therapeutischer Schritt angesehen wird. Die Nebenwirkungen stereotaktischer Eingriffe sind durch neue operative Techniken, digitale Bildgebung und elektrophysiologische Kontrollen geringer geworden. Die hauptsächlichen Indikationen sind Parkinson-Tremor und Rigidität, essentieller Tremor und zerebellärer Tremor. Als etablierte Routinemethode wird die stereotaktische Elektrokoagulation im Thalamus für alle Tremorformen weiterhin bevorzugt. Für die Behandlung von Akinesie und Bradykinesie, besonders auch der Dopa-induzierten Hyperkinesien, gewinnt die Pallidotomie rasch wieder an Bedeutung. Die chronische Stimulation durch Implantation von Hirnelektroden ist in Einzelfällen indiziert. Die Transplantation autologer, fetaler oder gentechnisch manipulierter Zellen wird derzeit in ihrer Bedeutung für die Therapie untersucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050150
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiomyolipoma of the kidney and lymph nodes (1999)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 17 (1999), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign mesenchymal tumor predominantly occurring in the kidney. Despite its low incidence of 0.07–0.3% in an unselected population, this tumor is well known, because the typical AML can be diagnosed without histological confirmation by a combination of ultrasound (US) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging in up to 95% of cases. In contrast, simultaneous involvement of the kidney and the regional lymph nodes is less known and might be confused with metastasizing malignant tumor. We report a case of the very uncommon simultaneous involvement of the kidney and the lymph nodes in AML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003450050117
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