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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning by donor-acceptor electron transfer in tetraphenylporphine/halogenated anthracene systems (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4671-4678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning was observed for metal-free tetraphenylporphine with halogenated anthracene derivatives in poly(methylmethacrylate) or poly(ethylene) at liquid-helium temperatures. The hole formation yield was markedly dependent on the polymer matrices and the sample composition as well as on the gating wavelength. The irreversible broadening of holes in the systems measured by temperature cycling experiment was smaller than that by proton tautomerization of tetraphenylporphine. We concluded that the hole formation mechanism is donor-acceptor electron transfer on the basis of combined analysis of the matix and acceptor concentration dependence of hole formation yield, the action spectrum of the gating photon and the photoproduct spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349058
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of 1% Al-iron and its applications : 35th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5927-5929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A study was carried out to improve permeability and coercivity of pure iron without decreasing its saturation magnetization. It was found that about 1-wt % addition of aluminum in combination with a high-temperature annealing process greatly increases its permeability (μm) up to 60 000, which is close to that of Permalloy B, and reduces its coercivity (Hc) to 0.2 Oe without decreasing the high-saturation magnetization of pure iron. This marvelous effect of the 1-wt %-Al addition can be attributed to a stabilization of the ferrite phase which enables ferrite grains to coarsen drastically due to abnormal grain growth during the high-temperature annealing. The ferrite stabilization also helps to avoid both residual strain and grain refining due to the austenite-ferrite phase transformation, which are thought to be undesirable for soft magnetic properties. In the present paper, the performance of this Fe–1-wt %-Al soft magnetic alloy, and an example of its practical application to the magnetic shielding, will be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347818
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the chemical vapor deposited W/Al interface (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 749-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dependence of the amount of aluminum trifluoride (AlF3) piled up at the interface of chemical vapor deposited tungsten and the aluminum under layer on the deposition time and subsequent annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or in monosilane (SiH4) gas has been studied. AlF3 is formed by the reaction of the aluminum under layer with tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) during the initial state of tungsten chemical vapor deposition. Tungsten was deposited on an Al layer under selective deposition conditions by SiH4 reduction at 250 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement reveals that the amount of AlF3 decreases with an increase in the tungsten deposition time and that the reduction of AlF3 by volatilization of aluminum fluorides, which occurs at higher temperatures ((approximately-greater-than)400 °C) is not observed at low temperature (270 °C). Annealing in SiH4 gas after the tungsten deposition was effective to reduce the amount of AlF3 compared with annealing in UHV. This result and thermochemical data would suggest that the dependence of the amount of AlF3 on the tungsten deposition time is explained by the reduction of AlF3 with hydrogen atoms supplied from the dissociation of SiH4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355246
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties and read/write characteristics of Co-Cr-(Pt,Ta)/ (Cr-Ti,Cr) thin film media : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5569-5571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Cr-Ti underlayer is found to enhance the in-plane coercive forces of Co-Cr-Pt and Co-Cr-Ta films; the maximum coercive force was 3.5 kOe for (CoCr0.15)0.84Pt0.16/CrTi0.2. The crystallites of Cr-Ti grow in a more highly oriented and uniform manner than ones of Cr, and their lattice spacings are closer to those of Co alloys than Cr, improving the epitaxial growth of Co-alloy crystallites with c-axis in-plane oriented components on the Cr-Ti underlayer. The crystalline anisotropy constant of Co-Cr-Pt with a high Pt concentration is found by torque measurement to be larger than that of Co-Cr-Ta. These can produce extremely high coercive forces in Co-Cr-Pt/Cr-Ti. The C/Co-Cr-Pt/Cr-Ti thin film media with high coercive forces show excellent read/write characteristics; the linear densities at 50% signal drop are very high, 175 and 101 kFCI, for the C/Co-Cr-Pt/Cr-Ti media at head-to-magnetic layer spacings of 0.01 and 0.07 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353653
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning by electron transfer from a doped donor to an acceptor branched to a host polymer matrix (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 374-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-color photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) via donor-acceptor electron transfer is reported in systems where the acceptor, 10-chloroanthracene, was intentionally branched to a side chain of the poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) host polymer while the donor, metal-free tetraphenylporphine, was dispersed in the polymer. The systems, which had an acceptor concentration of up to 10−1 M, were prepared without aggregation of the acceptor. Spectral holes were burnt in the Qx(0,0) absorption band of the donor when the systems were simultaneously irradiated with a frequency-selective excitation (duration: 500 ps; energy: 200 nJ/cm2) and a gating excitation (wavelength: 514.5 nm; duration: 33 ms; energy: 14 μJ/cm2). The difference absorption spectrum between the unburned absorption spectrum and one recorded after photon-gated PSHB has confirmed that the hole formation mechanism is donor-acceptor electron transfer from a photoexcited donor to a ground-state branched acceptor. The thermal stability of burnt holes measured with a temperature cycling experiment increased when the acceptor was branched into PMMA. The effect of acceptor branching on the PSHB characteristics is discussed with reference to those for an acceptor-doped system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353858
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of ball-forming conditions on the hardness of copper balls (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5610-5614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effect of ball-forming conditions on the microstructure and the hardness of balls has been investigated in order to obtain soft balls suitable for a reliable ball-bonding process using copper wire. Copper balls formed in a room-temperature shield gas are found to be harder by 6 Hv than fully annealed copper wires of the same purity. This is caused by many dislocation loops which are generated in balls due to inclusion of gaseous impurities from the atmosphere and due to rapid solidification. On the other hand, copper balls formed in a shield gas heated above 175 °C are found to be softer by the amount of 4.5 Hv than balls formed in a room-temperature shield gas. This is due to disappearance of dislocation loops caused by the reduction of solidification rate and by elimination of gaseous impurities from the balls during solidification. Impurities, especially oxygen, are found to have a strong influence on the hardening of copper balls. From these results, we conclude that copper balls formed in a shield gas heated at 175 °C are suitable for mass production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346972
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nb interaction with hydrogen plasma (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 760-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A niobium membrane was immersed in hydrogen plasma and could be electrically biased to vary the energy of bombarding ions in the range of 1–200 eV. The fluxes of plasma driven absorption and permeation were almost entirely governed by incident suprathermal neutrals (mostly, thermal atoms), whose energy does not depend on membrane bias, but the ions of controllable energy do affect the neutral-induced permeation through modifying the membrane surface. At the zero bias a high temperature-independent plasma driven permeation (superpermeation) was observed alongside of an enhanced absorption. Bombardment by ions of an energy higher than 50 eV resulted in a sharp decrease of the plasma driven permeation/retention and in an acceleration of boundary processes of absorption/reemission of thermal molecules. At ion energies below 50 eV, the effect of ion bombardment on the plasma driven permeation and the kinetic coefficients of boundary processes were nonmonotonic in ion energy, having a maximum at ∼10 eV. Both an in situ doping with O of the bulk of Nb and a membrane temperature increase reduced the effects of ion bombardment to their complete disappearance. Responsible for that was the replenishment by means of surface segregation of an oxygen monolayer sputtered by ion bombardment. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1331075
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extreme ultraviolet emission from Xe clusters excited by high-intensity lasers (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 3595-3601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The property of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) generation from Xe clusters irradiated with intense lasers was studied. The Xe cluster jet was well characterized by the interferometric method. In order to obtain the adequate irradiation condition for strong EUV generation, EUV spectra were taken with various laser systems. Then, the wavelength, the pulse width, and the pump energy were widely varied. Through this survey, even with the comparatively low-density Xe jet of ≤5×1018 cm−3 average atomic density, the highest conversion efficiency of over 10% from laser energy to EUV (5–18 nm) was obtained with a subpicosecond KrF laser pulse, where a 4π source was assumed. This EUV source is considered to be attractive as an EUV lithography light source because of its low average atomic density and small Xe cluster. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1396822
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rethinking the role of tumour necrosis factor-α in ultraviolet (UV) B-induced immunosuppression: altered immune response in UV-irradiated TNFR1R2 gene-targeted mutant mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Ultraviolet (UV) B-induced immunosuppression, implicated in the pathogenesis of skin cancers, is postulated to be mediated in part by cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA) via tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. TNF-α produces morphological changes in Langerhans cells indistinguishable from those induced by UVB exposure and antibodies against TNF-α have been demonstrated to inhibit UVB-induced immunosuppression in vivo. Objectives To clarify further the role of TNF-α in UVB-induced immunosuppression and in cis-UCA immunosuppression. Methods We performed a contact hypersensitivity (CHS) assay on gene-targeted mutant mice (TNFR1R2–/–) lacking genes for both receptors (p55 and p75) for TNF-α. Mice were either irradiated with UVB or injected intradermally with cis-UCA, sensitized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, challenged on the ears and the response was measured. Results The TNFR1R2–/– mice showed hyporesponsiveness in the CHS response compared with wild-type (P 〈 0·001), confirming the proinflammatory role of TNF-α. However, significant suppression of CHS was seen after irradiation and after cis-UCA injection in both locally (sensitization on irradiated site; P 〈 0·05) and systemically (sensitization on non-irradiated site; P 〈 0·05) sensitized wild-type and gene-targeted mice. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TNF-α signalling is only partially involved in UVB-induced immunosuppression and does not play a major part in the cis-UCA immunosuppression mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04181.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of chimeric molecules for recognition and targeting of antigen-specific B cells in pemphigus vulgaris (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by circulating pathogenic IgG antibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). The purpose of this study was to develop chimeric molecules for specific recognition and elimination of autoimmune B cells in PV. Mouse hybridoma cell lines producing anti-Dsg3 antibody (5H10, 12A2) were developed as an in vitro model system for targeting B cells. Dsg3-GFP, a baculoprotein containing the entire extracellular domain of Dsg3 fused with green fluorescence protein, recognized and targeted the hybridoma cells through their surface immunoglobulin receptors in an antigen-specific way. The epitopes of these monoclonal antibodies were mapped on the amino terminal EC1 and part of EC2, a region considered functionally important in cadherins. Chimeric toxin molecules containing the mapped region (Dsg3ΔN1) and modified Pseudomonas exotoxin were produced in bacteria (Dsg3ΔN1-PE40-KDEL, PE37-Dsg3ΔN1-KDEL) and tested in vitro on hybridoma cell lines. The chimeric toxins, but not Dsg3ΔN1 alone, showed dose-dependent toxic activity with a reduction in hybridoma cell number to 40–60% of toxin-negative control cultures, compared with little or no effect on anti-Dsg3-negative hybridoma cells. Furthermore, these toxins showed toxic effects on anti-Dsg3 IgG-producing B cells from Dsg3ΔN1-immunized mice, with a 60% reduction in cell number compared with Dsg3ΔN1 alone. Thus, specific recognition and targeting of antigen-specific B cells in PV was demonstrated; this strategy may hold promise as a future therapeutic option for PV and other autoimmune diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03328.x
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