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  • 11
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    Unknown
    Wien : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of economics/Zeitschrift für Nazionalökonomie. 46 (1986) 96 
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychiatrie ; Qualitätssicherung ; Qualitä,tsindikatoren ; Rückmeldesystem ; Key words Psychiatry ; Quality assurance ; Quality indicators ; Feedback system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Due to legal regulations, external quality assurance is mandatory in Germany. Supported by the German Health Ministry (BMG),we present the results of a multicenter study in four hospitals with different structures on 1042 inpatients with the trace diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD 10). We defined disease-specific indicators of structure, process, and outcome quality, developed an assessment instrument, and implemented a feedback system for quality comparison. The resulting quality profiles are useful as a starting point for internal quality management.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem vom BMG geförderten 2-jährigen Projekt wurde anhand von insgesamt 1042 Behandlungsfällen an 4 psychiatrischen Kliniken unterschiedlicher Struktur in Nordrhein-Westfalen die Voraussetzung für eine externe Qualitätssicherung mit Hilfe der Tracer-Diagnose Schizophrenie geschaffen und durchgeführt. Ziele waren die Evaluation eines Erhebungsinstrumentariums, die Entwicklung von Qualitätsindikatoren und der Aufbau eines Rückmeldesystems zur Optimierung des internen Qualitätsmanagements. Anhand der erhobenen Daten ist es auf wissenschaftlich-statistischer Basis gelungen, Qualitätsindikatoren und eine vergleichende Art der Rückmeldung zu entwickeln, die neben Ergebnisvariablen auch Struktur-, Patienten- und Prozessvariablen beinhaltet. Diese Qualitätsprofile bilden einen wesentlichen Ausgangspunkt für krankheitsspezifische Problemanalysen im Rahmen eines internen Qualitätsmanagements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: postoperative delirium – risk factors – vascular surgery. ; Schlüsselwörter: Durchgangssyndrom – Risikofaktoren – Gefäßchirurgie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Postoperative Durchgangssyndrome sind pyschische Störungen, die nach Operationen akut auftreten können und einen flukturierenden Verlauf haben. Der postoperative Verlauf ist oft deutlich protrahiert. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, zu analysieren, wie häufig Durchgangssyndrome bei gefäßchirurgischen Patienten auftreten, und ob sich Risikofaktoren für deren Entwicklung identifizieren lassen. Methoden: Die somatischen Befunde von Patienten, die elektiv arteriel operiert wurden, wurden erfaßt. Darüber hinaus wurden die Patienten präoperativ psychiatrisch untersucht. Intraoperativ wurden der Infusions- und Transfusionsbedarf, Blutgase und Blutdruckverhalten sowie Narkose- und Operationszeiten dokumentiert. Postoperativ wurden die Patienten täglich von Tag 1–7 psychiatrisch und chirurgisch untersucht. Ein Durchgangssyndrom wurde nach dem Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM IV diagnostiziert und in leichte, mittlere und schwere Formen unterteilt. Ergebnisse: 54 Patienten gingen in die Studie ein. Davon entwickelten 21 (38,9 %) ein Durchgangssyndrom (11 leicht, 2 mittelschwer, 8 schwer). Deutliche Unterschiede zeigten sich zwischen Patienten mit aortalen Operationen( n = 27, 55,5 % Durchgangssyndrom) und solchen mit nichtaortalen Eingriffen (n = 27, 22,2 % Durchgangssyndromen). Bestimmte Begleiterkrankungen (Hörstörung), nicht jedoch ein höheres Lebensalter erhöhten die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines postoperativen Durchgangssyndromes. Sowohl allgemein psychopathologisch auffällige Patienten als auch solche mit einer depressiveren Grundstimmung entwickelten häufiger Durchgangssyndrome als psychiatrisch unauffällige. Patienten, deren intraoperativer Verlauf kompliziert war, entwickelten häufiger ein Durchgangssyndrom. Dabei war die Schwere des Verlaufes nicht an der absoluten Operationszeit, dem Blutdruck oder den Blutgasen abzulesen. Aussagekräftiger waren ein intra- oder postoperativ erniedrigter Hämoglobinwert (Hb 〈 10 g %), ein erhöhter intraoperativer Infusionsbedarf und eine intraoperative Acidose. Patienten mit Durchgangssyndromen entwicklten häufiger postoperative Komplikationen (8/21 = 38,1 % vs 6/33 = 18,2 %) und mußten länger intensivmedizinisch behandelt werden (2,7 vs 2,1 Tage, nur aortale Eingriffe 3,2 vs 2,4 Tage). Schlußfolgerungen: Postoperative Durchgangssyndrome sind nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen häufig. Vor allem Patienten mit aortalen Operationen, mit bestimmten Begleiterkrankungen, psychopathologischen Auffälligkeiten und solche mit einem komplizierten intraoperativen Verlauf sind gefährdet, eine derartige Komplikation zu entwickeln.
    Notes: Abstract. Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its development. Methods: Patients undergoing elective arterial operations were included. Their medical history, the specific vascular diagnosis and operation performed, the medication and laboratory data were monitored. Additionally the patients were preoperatively interviewed by a psychiatrist. Intraoperatively the drugs, infusions, possible transfusions, blood gases and pressures were monitored, as were the times of surgery and anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were seen daily by the psychiatrist and the surgeon for at least 7 days. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria, and mild, moderate and severe delirium were distinguished. Results: Fifty-four patients entered the study. Twenty-one (38.9 %) developed postoperative delirium (11 mild, 2 moderate, 8 severe). Patients with aortic operations developed delirium more frequently than those with non-aortic procedures(55.5 vs 22.2 %, n = 27 each). Some preexisting diseases (hearing disturbance) increased the probability of postoperative delirium, while age was not identified as a risk factor. General psychopathological and depressive disturbances increased the likelihood of postoperative delirium. Patients who had a severe intraoperative course developed postoperative delirium more frequently. This was not seen in the absolute time of surgery or anesthesia nor in the intraoperative development of blood pressure or intraarterial gases, which did not differ between patients with and without postoperative delirium. More reliable parameters were an increased intraoperative need for crystalloid volume, intra – or postoperatively decreased hemoglobin values (Hb 〈 10 g/dl) and the development of acidosis that had to be treated. Patients with delirium had serious complications more often (8/21 = 38.1 % vs 6/33 = 18.2 %) and needed Intensive Care treatment longer (2.7 vs 2.1 days, only aortic surgery 3.2 vs 2.4 days). Conclusions: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is frequent. Patients undergoing aortic surgery, with specific concomittant medical disease, psychopathological disturbances and a severe intraoperative course, are at risk of developing postoperative delirium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Durchgangssyndrom ; Risikofaktoren ; Gefäßchirurgie ; Key words Postoperative delirium ; Risk factors ; Vascular surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its development. Methods: Patients undergoing elective arterial operations were included. Their medical history, the specific vascular diagnosis and operation performed, the medication and laboratory data were monitored. Additionally the patients were preoperatively interviewed by a psychiatrist. Intraoperatively the drugs, infusions, possible transfusions, blood gases and pressures were monitored, as were the times of surgery and anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were seen daily by the psychiatrist and the surgeon for at least 7 days. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria, and mild, moderate and severe delirium were distinguished. Results: Fifty-four patients entered the study. Twenty-one (38.9%) developed postoperative delirium (11 mild, 2 moderate, 8 severe). Patients with aortic operations developed delirium more frequently than those with non-aortic procedures(55.5 vs 22.2%, n=27 each). Some preexisting diseases (hearing disturbance) increased the probability of postoperative delirium, while age was not identified as a risk factor. General psychopathological and depressive disturbances increased the likelihood of postoperative delirium. Patients who had a severe intraoperative course developed postoperative delirium more frequently. This was not seen in the absolute time of surgery or anesthesia nor in the intraoperative development of blood pressure or intraarterial gases, which did not differ between patients with and without postoperative delirium. More reliable parameters were an increased intraoperative need for crystalloid volume, intra – or postoperatively decreased hemoglobin values (Hb 〈10 g/dl) and the development of acidosis that had to be treated. Patients with delirium had serious complications more often (8/21=38.1% vs 6/33=18.2%) and needed Intensive Care treatment longer (2.7 vs 2.1 days, only aortic surgery 3.2 vs 2.4 days). Conclusions: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is frequent. Patients undergoing aortic surgery, with specific concomittant medical disease, psychopathological disturbances and a severe intraoperative course, are at risk of developing postoperative delirium.
    Notes: Zusamenfassung Postoperative Durchgangssyndrome sind pyschische Störungen, die nach Operationen akut auftreten können und einen flukturierenden Verlauf haben. Der postoperative Verlauf ist oft deutlich protrahiert. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, zu analysieren, wie häufig Durchgangssyndrome bei gefäßchirurgischen Patienten auftreten, und ob sich Risikofaktoren für deren Entwicklung identifizieren lassen. Methoden: Die somatischen Befunde von Patienten, die elektiv arteriel operiert wurden, wurden erfaßt. Darüber hinaus wurden die Patienten präoperativ psychiatrisch untersucht. Intraoperativ wurden der Infusions- und Transfusionsbedarf, Blutgase und Blutdruckverhalten sowie Narkose- und Operationszeiten dokumentiert. Postoperativ wurden die Patienten täglich von Tag 1–7 psychiatrisch und chirurgisch untersucht. Ein Durchgangssyndrom wurde nach dem Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM IV diagnostiziert und in leichte, mittlere und schwere Formen unterteilt. Ergebnisse: 54 Patienten gingen in die Studie ein. Davon entwickelten 21 (38,9%) ein Durchgangssyndrom (11 leicht, 2 mittelschwer, 8 schwer). Deutliche Unterschiede zeigten sich zwischen Patienten mit aortalen Operationen(n=27, 55,5% Durchgangssyndrom) und solchen mit nichtaortalen Eingriffen (n=27, 22,2% Durchgangssyndromen). Bestimmte Begleiterkrankungen (Hörstörung), nicht jedoch ein höheres Lebensalter erhöhten die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines postoperativen Durchgangssyndromes. Sowohl allgemein psychopathologisch auffällige Patienten als auch solche mit einer depressiveren Grundstimmung entwickelten häufiger Durchgangssyndrome als psychiatrisch unauffällige. Patienten, deren intraoperativer Verlauf kompliziert war, entwickelten häufiger ein Durchgangssyndrom. Dabei war die Schwere des Verlaufes nicht an der absoluten Operationszeit, dem Blutdruck oder den Blutgasen abzulesen. Aussagekräftiger waren ein intra- oder postoperativ erniedrigter Hämoglobinwert (Hb 〈10 g %), ein erhöhter intraoperativer Infusionsbedarf und eine intraoperative Acidose. Patienten mit Durchgangssyndromen entwicklten häufiger postoperative Komplikationen (8/21=38,1% vs 6/33=18,2%) und mußten länger intensivmedizinisch behandelt werden (2,7 vs 2, 1 Tage, nur aortale Eingriffe 3,2 vs 2,4 Tage). Schlußfolgerungen: Postoperative Durchgangssyndrome sind nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen häufig. Vor allem Patienten mit aortalen Operationen, mit bestimmten Begleiterkrankungen, psychopathologischen Auffälligkeiten und solche mit einem komplizierten intraoperativen Verlauf sind gefährdet, eine derartige Komplikation zu entwickeln.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1362-1364 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Gravitational waves ; cockchafer ; ultraoptic orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 113 (1987), S. 298-300 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Ehrlich ascites tumor cells ; DNA over-replication ; Anaerobiosis ; G2M phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary G2-enriched fractions of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (up to 80%–85% G2 cells) separated from anaerobically and aerobically cultured asynchronous populations by centrifugal elutriation revealed the same growth characteristics after recultivation under standard conditions: a significant proportion of cells with increased DNA (DNA content〉4C) emerged. Interruption of DNA synthesis by deprivation of oxygen may account for polyploidisation (over-replication) of DNA but other mechanisms must be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Air embolism ; Emergency treatment ; Hyperbaric oxygenation ; Pleural lavage ; Streptokinase ; Stroke, ischaemic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on an unusual, albeit potentially severe, complication of the performance of a pleural lavage with streptokinase in two patients demonstrating parapneumonic pleural effusion. During the time they underwent repeated pleural lavages with saline and streptokinase, they suddenly demonstrated focal neurological signs. As a result of early diagnosis and emergency hyperbaric oxygenation, both patients recovered without delayed sequelae. Air embolism is a potentially severe complication which can occur during pleural lavage. Whether streptokinase increases the risk of opening a latent vascular breach cannot be definitely established, but clinicians should be aware of this risk. In this context, the onset of acute focal neurological signs should suggest the possibility of air embolism and lead to the transfer of the patient close to a hyperbaric facility within a few hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral angiography ; Internal carotid artery ; Cavernous sinus ; Cerebral aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to obtain frames of reference to determine the place of intersection of the carotid siphon with the dura mater in conventional arteriograms, a debated topic lacking general agreement in the literature, 34 cadaveric sphenoids were prepared with the injection of radiopaque medium in both internal carotid arteries. After having marked the dura mater with steel wire, the pieces were radiographed in lateral view. The points of intersection of the clinoclinoid line and the sphenoidal line with the internal carotid artery as well as the emergence of the ophthalmic artery and its posterior projection were marked on the radiographs obtained. The distances between the various points were measured and submitted to statistical treatment. The results showed multiple regressions with a strong correlation coefficient in two equations. A table was built in which, knowing the distances between the points of the clinoclinoid and the sphenoidal plane lines and those of the ophthalmic artery and its projection, the position of the dura mater which covers the cavernous sinus may be estimated in arteriograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  In Europe measles incidence remains high and in some parts the disease is likely to be still endemic due to insufficient vaccination. Luxembourg experienced an outbreak with at least 110 cases in 1996, and cases continued to be reported throughout 1997. We used molecular epidemiology to investigate this apparent endemicity. On the basis of their N gene sequences, the isolates were assigned to the typical European C2 and D6 genotypes. Sequence diversity within the outbreak was 0.2%. The nucleotide distance between the C2-viruses of the outbreak and the other C2 isolates was at least three or four times higher, suggesting an independent origin of the latter viruses. Similarly, the four D6 viruses found in Luxembourg were thought to be of at least two or three origins. Thus, we propose here to use intra-outbreak sequence diversity to differentiate between sporadic endemic cases and a “pseudo-outbreak” of multiple unrelated imported cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: DANSyl-labeled copolymers ; swelling volume ; time-resolved fluorescence ; solvent relaxation ; rotational depolarization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fluorescent probe dimethylaminonaphthylsulfonamide is covalently bound to the ends of the pol(ethylene glycol) chains of the swellable block copolymers poly(ethylene glycol)–polystyrene (PEG-PS) and poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ethylene imine) (PEG-PEI) to investigate the molecular mobility inside the polymers, swollen by different liquids. Steady-state and time-resolved studies of the Stokes shift between absorption and fluorescence spectra reveal that the probe is solvated by both the polymer matrix and the liquid phase. The extent of solvation by the liquid and the mobility of the microenvironment of the probe depend on both the swelling volume of the polymer and the solubility of the probe in this liquid. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence depolarisation measurements show that the polymer matrix forms a very rigid solvent cage, which almost completely immobilizes the probe. Upon solvation of the probe by the liquid, the mobility of the probe increases. In PEG-PEI swollen by polar solvents, the mobilities of the probe itself and of its microenvironment, although not reaching the values observed in homogeneous solution, are significantly higher than in PEG-PS, due to the hydrophilic nature of the polymeric backbone in PEG-PEI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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