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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blue shift in ultraviolet absorption spectra of monodisperse CeO2−x nanoparticles (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1318-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Blue shifts corresponding to the absorption edge in the UV-A (310–400 nm) range are obtained from ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of monodisperse CeO2−x (0〈x〈0.5) nanoparticles, which are produced as toluene suspensions by a successive microemulsification method. The blue shift of the nanoparticles is inversely proportional to the 2.2 power of the particle size for a direct transition, but no relation is found for an indirect transition. In contrast, the shift for thin films of 100–200 nm thickness exhibits a relation nearly inverse proportional to the square root of the thickness for the direct transition. These relations are different from that for the quantum size effect, though the difference is small for the nanoparticles. A possible explanation for the blue shift is a valence change of the Ce ions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-abdominal small round cell tumour with EWS-WT1 fusion transcript in an elderly patient (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01552_5.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Widespread cutaneous oxalosis in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05555.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20 (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 338-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to sustain thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen at their centres, but are distinguished from gas-giant planets by their ability to burn deuterium. Brown dwarfs older than ∼10 Myr are expected to possess short-lived magnetic fields and to emit radio and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35066514
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease with polyglutamine-immunoreactive inclusions (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neuronal intranuclear inclusion ; Neurodegenerative diseases ; Polyglutamine ; Ubiquitin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease (NIHID) is a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusions in neurons (NIs). We report here clinicopathological findings of a 25-year-old female patient who died after 13 years of a clinical course characterized by progressive gait disturbance and movement disorders. Histological examination revealed widespread NIs with neuronal loss in restricted regions; neuronal loss was severe in the subthalamic nucleus, internal pallidum, substantia nigra, Edinger-Westphal nucleus and Purkinje cell layer. Quantification of the NIs combined with a graded evaluation of neuronal loss revealed an overall tendency for more severe neuronal loss to be accompanied by a lower frequency of NIs. A morphological similarity to the nuclear inclusions recently identified in several CAG repeat diseases prompted us to examine the immunolocalization of ubiquitin and expanded polyglutamine stretches, which demonstrated the presence of ubiquitin at the periphery of most NIs. An expanded polyglutamine stretch was seen in the center of limited number of NIs. These findings indicate that abnormal fragments such as expanded polyglutamine regions are incorporated into the inclusion, aggregated in its center, and thereby metabolized by a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. Although it remains to be elucidated how the formation of NIs is related to neuronal degeneration, our findings suggest that NIs are formed in the process of sequestering or degrading abnormal protein fragments and formation of NIs may not be immediately toxic to neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051166
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary leptomeningeal melanoma with epipharyngeal invasion (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 58 (1981), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Meningeal melanoma ; malignant melanoma ; epipharyngeal tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of primary leptomeningeal malignant melanoma in a 45-year-old woman is reported. The tumour was located at the basal aspect of the brain with a larger aggregation in the left parasellar and cerebello-pontine angle regions. The tumour showed not only spinal meningeal dissemination but also infiltration into the petrous bone and along the trigeminal nerve till it reached the submucosal tissue of epipharynx. There are a few reported cases of primary leptomeningeal melanoma which invaded areas outside the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01401683
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occult cranium bifidum (1983)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 25 (1983), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cranium bifidum ; encephalocoele ; meningocoele
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of congenital subscalp nodule associated with underlying cranium bifidum are reported. A plain skull roentgenogram showed a midline bone defect in the parieto-occipital region near the lambda. CT scan demonstrated neither brain malformation nor ventricular deformity except for the high position of the straight sinus. Cerebral angiography revealed an elongation of the vein of Galen and anomalous upward course of the straight sinus. At surgery, the tumor was solid and connected to a cord which extended intracranially via the cranium bifidum and blended with thickened arachnoid membrane either on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain or at the surface of the anterior vermis. Histologically, the tumor consisted in all cases of arachnoid cells and fibrous tissue with immature glial cells in one case. Possible pathogenesis of these tumors could be a result of the fetal nuchal bleb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540234
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes on venlafaxine pharmacokinetics in a Japanese population (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 56 (2000), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words CYP2D6 ; CYP2C19 ; Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The cytochrome P 450 isozymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 exhibit genetic polymorphism in human, including a marked interethnic difference. As the functional status of the isozymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 have an impact on the pharmacokinetics of some antidepressants, we investigated whether the disposition of venlafaxine was affected by the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes. Methods: Twenty-eight adult Japanese men in good health participated in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral lymphocytes, and the CYP2D6 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and XbaI-RFLP analysis. Subjects were categorized into the following four groups: group 1 CYP2D6*10/*10; group 2 CYP2D6*1/*10 and *2/*10; group 3 CYP2D6*1/*1, *1/*2 and *2/*2; and group 4 the other genotypes. Two defective CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3) were identified by means of PCR-RFLP analysis. Venlafaxine was administered orally following an overnight fast. Plasma concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography up to 24 h. Results: The peak plasma concentration and values of area under the concentration–time curve up to 24 h for venlafaxine were 298% and 453% higher for group 1 than group 3, and 91% and 120% higher for group 2 than for group 3, respectively. The homozygote for two defective alleles of CYP2C19 showed a higher concentration of venlafaxine within group 1 and group 2. Conclusion: The CYP2D6*10 allele and two CYP2C19 defective alleles, common in an Asian population, are the most likely genetic factors to use in determining interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine, although the results with respect to CYP2C19 are preliminary because of the few subjects used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050737
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolic rate and vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons, and adenosine dynamics in the cerebral cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen of the common marmoset (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. V16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Dopamine ; Striatum ; Cerebral cortex ; Adenosine ; Parkinsonism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathophysiology of the striatum and cerebral cortex were studied from the pharmacological aspect. Investigation of the dopamine content in the cerebral cortex revealed that the premotor and motor area showed the highest level (61±6.2 ng/g). Intravenous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) at a dose of 10 mg/kg reduced the dopamine content in the caudate nucleus and putamen to 2–3% of the control level in common marmosets, while it fell to 60% in the nucleus accumbens. There was no alteration of the dopamine content in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase in the midbrains of MPTP-treated marmosets showed almost complete disappearance of dopaminergic cells from the substantia nigra and good preservation of cells in the ventrotegmental area. Dopaminergic cells projecting to the caudate/putamen, nucleus accumbens, and cerebral cortex showed marked, moderate, and no vulnerability to MPTP, respectively. After systemic administration of MPTP, dopaminergic neurons projecting to the caudate nucleus and putamen were damaged equally. However, the compensatory increase of dopamine turnover was more prominent in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus. Thus, nigroputaminal dopaminergic neurons may have a higher level of activity than neuron in the caudate. The neural connections and functions of the caudate nucleus and putamen have already been differentiated anatomically or physiologically. This compensatory increase of the dopamine turnover rate is another aspect of functional differences between the caudate nucleus and putamen. Investigation of the dopamine content in the heat, body, and tail of the caudate nucleus showed no differences in the concentration of dopamine. However, a study of the metabolic rate of dopamine using α-methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydoxylase inhibitor, showed higher metabolism of dopamine in the head of the caudate nucleus in common marmosets. Thus, dopaminergic neurons projecting to the caudate nucleus may show topographical differences in their firing rates. A microdialysis study indicated an increase in the metabolism of adenosine in the striatum of MPTP-treated animals. Cholinergic neurons are interneurons and are one of the main sources of adenosine in the striatum. Dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra acting on cholinergic neurons was decreased following MPTP treatment. The increase of adenosine metabolism suggested that cholinergic neurons in the striatum receive inhibitory inputs from nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007779
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient heat transfer behaviors in cylindrical porous beds at relatively large Reynolds numbers (1984)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 18 (1984), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde das instationäre Wärmeübergangsverhalten in einer zylindrischen porösen Schüttung unter verschiedenen Versuchsbedingungen experimentell untersucht (Durchflußmenge, Durchmesser der kugelförmigen Festkörper, Fluidtemperatur und physikalische Eigenschaften der Schüttung). Es zeigte sich, daß besonders die Durchflußmenge und der Partikeldurchmesser das instationäre Wärmeübertragungsverhalten des Fließbettes beeinflussen: bei gleichbleibendem DurchmesserD der Schüttung, aber größerer Durchflußmenge und größerem Partikeldurchmesser, stieg der mittlere Wärmeübergangskoeffizient zwischen Fluid und Partikel an. Gleichzeitig verringerte sich die Zeitspanne zum Erreichen konstanter Temperaturen. Die Gleichungen für den Wärmetransport und die Zeitspanne zum Erreichen stationärer Versuchsbedingungen wurden unter Verwendung der NusseltzahlNu d =f(d/D, Re d ) und der Fourier-ZahlFo =f(Pr *,d/D, Re d ) abgeleitet.
    Notes: Abstract The transient behavior of heat transfer in a cylindrical porous bed was examined experimentally under various factors (flow rate, diameter of spherical solid particle, temperature of flowing fluid and physical properties of porous bed). In these factors, it was understood that especially flow rate and the diameter of the particled have important role in evaluating the transient behavior of heat transfer in the porous bed. That is, as the flow rate and the diameter of the particle under a constant diameterD of the cylindrical bed are increased, mean heat transfer coefficient between flowing fluid and the solid particles is increased and the time period to reach a thermally steady state is decreased. The useful experimental correlation equations of mean heat transfer coefficient and the time period to reach the steady state were derived with the functional relationships of Nusselt numberNu d =f(d/D, Reynolds numberRe d ) and Fourier numberFo =f (modified Prandtl numberPr*, d/D, Re d ).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006606
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