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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5371-5376 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly oriented indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) on glass and single-crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure. Films were deposited at substrate temperature of 300 °C in mixed gases (12 mTorr of argon and 1–50 mTorr of oxygen) using a KrF excimer laser (248 nm and 30 ns full width at half maximum) at a fluence of 1.2 J/cm2. ITO films (300 nm thick), deposited by PLD on YSZ at 300 °C in a gas mixture of 12 mTorr of argon and 6 mTorr of oxygen, exhibit a low electrical resistivity (1.6×10−4 Ω cm) with a high transparency (∼74%) at 550 nm. ITO films deposited on both glass and YSZ substrates have been used as an anode contact in organic light-emitting diodes. A comparison of the device performance for the two substrates shows that the device fabricated on the ITO/YSZ has a higher external quantum efficiency than that of the device fabricated on the ITO glass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5448-5451 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferroelectric Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (BST) thin films grown on (001) MgO by pulsed laser deposition show a strong correlation between their structure and their microwave dielectric properties. Epitaxially grown BST films are observed by x-ray diffraction to be tetragonally distorted. The oxygen deposition pressure affects the magnitude of the tetragonal distortion (the ratio of in-plane and surface normal lattice parameters, D=a/c) of the deposited BST films. D varied from 0.996 to 1.004 at oxygen deposition pressure of 10–800 mTorr. The dielectric properties of BST films measured at microwave frequencies (1–20 GHz) exhibit an oxygen deposition pressure dependent dielectric constant (ε=100–600), and quality factor Q (1/tan δ=10–60). The BST film grown at the oxygen deposition pressure of 200 mTorr exhibits the highest figure of merit [% tuning in ε×Q0V, where % tuning is 100×(ε0−εb)/ε0, and ε0 and εb are dielectric constant at 0 and 80 kV/cm]. This corresponds to the film with the lowest distortion (D=1.001). The observed microwave properties of the films are explained by a phenomenological thermodynamic theory based on the strain along in-plane direction of the films. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Thomson scattering system on the Hanbit magnetic mirror device has been installed to measure the electron temperature and density of the plasma in the central cell. The configuration is based on a standard 90° scattering scheme. The optical system consists of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, input optics, collection optics, spectrograph optics, detectors, and a data acquisition system. Although the laser beam path is about 50 m long and the background emissions are not low, the electron temperature measurements have been made at a single point on a shot-by-shot basis, in which the stray light was considerably suppressed by using a beam dump, a viewing dump, and baffles. The measured electron temperature is about 50–70 eV in experiments for plasma production and heating by ICRF of 200-kW-rf power using a slot antenna. A description of the installed system and the experimental results are presented. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 28 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dystrophic cutaneous calcification may arise at sites of local trauma or in association with various disorders. Calcified nodules of the heel have been reported in high-risk neonates following repeated heel sticks to draw blood. We present a healthy 2-year-old boy with a calcified nodule on the heel secondary to a single heel stick in the neonatal period. The patient was born full-term at 38 weeks' gestation, with a birth weight appropriate for gestational age. A firm nodule was noticed at the age of 8 months; this became tender. Histology revealed epidermal and subepidermal deposition of calcium. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were normal. Although calcified heel nodules occur mostly in high-risk neonates, this case suggests that this condition also can occur in healthy children after only a single heel stick. Dermatologists should include this entity in the differential diagnosis of warty papules on the heels of children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 353-355 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films were grown on MgO (001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The as-grown films exhibit a metal–insulator transition at temperatures ranging from 200 to 230 K. Surprisingly, the transition temperature of postannealed films under O2 at 900 °C decreases by more than 100 K, featured with the colossal magnetoresistance. The O2 annealed films also show thermal hysteresis in resistivity and nonlinear I–V behavior. These results are interpreted in terms of Mn deficiency induced by large structural difference between film and substrate, and also discussed in viewpoint of a percolative phase transition. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1185-1187 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A strong correlation is observed between the structure and the microwave dielectric properties of epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films deposited onto (001) MgO by pulsed laser deposition. Films were deposited at 750 °C in an oxygen pressure that was varied from 3 to 1000 mTorr. The tetragonal distortion (ratio of in-plane and surface normal lattice parameters, D=a/c) of the films depends on the oxygen deposition pressure. D varied from 0.996 at 3 mTorr to 1.003 at 800 mTorr. At microwave frequencies (1–20 GHz), BST films with low distortion have higher dielectric constants (ε∼500), and lower dielectric loss (tan δ∼0.02) compared to films with higher distortion. The correlation of the microwave properties with the film structure can be attributed to stresses and polarizability in the film. The BST film grown at the oxygen deposition pressure of 50 mTorr exhibits a large dielectric constant change and a low dielectric loss at the same time, which corresponds to the film in low stress (D=1.0004). For tunable microwave applications, BST films with low stress are desirable in order to achieve both low dielectric loss and large tunability. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 19 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We conducted a mark-recapture survey of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the bays, sounds, and estuaries of North Carolina during July 2000, using photographic identification techniques. During this survey we took 7,682 photographs of dolphins and, of these, 3,457 images were of sufficient quality for analysis. We identified 306 dolphins from distinctive nicks and notches on their dorsal fins. Eighry-six dolphins were photographed on more than one occasion during the course of the survey; one dolphin was photographed on four separate days. We then applied the results of our photographic analyses to several mark-recapture models and examined potential violations of the assumptions of these models, including an unexpected correlation between photo quality and mark distinctiveness. Our analysis suggests that our results are robusr to possible violations of these assumptions. The resulting estimates were then scaled to account for the proportion (0.46) of unmarked dolphins in the population. Our best estimate of the number of dolphins present in the inshore waters of North Carolina during July 2000 is 1,033 with a 95% Confidence Interval of 860–1,266 (CV = 0.099). Most dolphins were found in the northern part of the study area, which includes the second largest estuarine system in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 10196-10211 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Grain growth in a polystyrene–polyisoprene block copolymer melt is studied by time-resolved depolarized light scattering after a quiescent quench from the disordered to the ordered state. At shallow quench depths, classical nucleation and growth kinetics are observed. Grains comprising the equilibrated ordered phase nucleate and grow by consuming the surrounding disordered phase. In contrast, deep quenches result in the formation of disorganized grains with an average order parameter that is well below the equilibrium value. Small angle neutron scattering and rheological experiments were conducted to facilitate the interpretation of the light scattering data. We show that the nonequilibrium grain structure formed during deep quenches is due to extremely high nucleation density. Under these circumstances, the space required for the formation of equilibrated grains is unavailable. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ethylene markedly induces an increase in the mRNA level of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase, the final step of its biosynthetic pathway, in mung bean roots. To investigate the second messengers that possibly participate in ethylene signalling various pharmacological reagents known to affect the cytosolic calcium level and phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism were applied to mung bean roots, and then the induction pattern of ACC oxidase (VR-ACO1) by ethylene was monitored as a molecular paradigm for ethylene-dependent responses in this tissue. The ethylene-induced VR-ACO1 gene expression was effectively inhibited by ruthenium red, a putative inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ fluxes, and to a lesser extent by ethyleneglycotetraacetic acid, a calcium chelator and GdCl3, the plasma membrane calcium-channel inhibitor. However, LaCl3 and verapamil, another type of plasma membrane calcium-channel blockers, did not prevent the ethylene action. The calmodulin antagonist W-7 significantly reduced the hormone-dependent expression of VR-ACO1. Treatment with neomycin or Li+, the antagonists of PI metabolism, almost completely blocked the ethylene-induced accumulation of VR-ACO1 transcript in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the addition of exogenous Ca2+ along with antagonists effectively restored the ethylene-induced VR-ACO1 gene activation. The results showed that the ACC oxidase enzyme activities and protein levels were in parallel with the abundance of transcript in response to various antagonists and exogenous Ca2+. These results are discussed in light of suggestion that the PI-derived second messenger and cytosolic calcium are necessarily involved in the ethylene-induced ACC oxidase gene activation in mung bean root tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Staphylococcal infection-producing superantigens, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), are presumed to play an important role of inflammatory processes in atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this study was to elucidate the apoptotic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with AD. PBMCs from AD children were sampled and cultured with SEB stimulation. Levels of apoptosis and Fas expression were measured using flow cytometry; the soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) was also measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and the expression of FasL in PBMCs was observed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. There was no difference in the initial levels of apoptosis and Fas expression in precultured PBMCs of AD patients and healthy donors. After culturing for 48 h under SEB stimulation, the apoptosis level and Fas expression were significantly upregulated in the PBMCs from AD children compared with that from the normal controls. In patients, the sFasL was significantly increased, and the expression of FasL was observed in messenger RNA of peripheral monocytes. These results suggest that the Fas/FasL system is involved in the apoptosis induced by SEB in AD, with simultaneous increases in sFasL and expression of FasL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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