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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1349-1353 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Changes in surface morphology have been studied for Si surfaces treated with CF4/O2 down-flow etching. It has been found that rough Si surfaces can be smoothed and Si trench corners can be rounded off using this CF4/O2 down-flow etching. A SiFxOy layer is formed on the Si surface etched by a down-flow discharged CF4/O2 gas mixture in high O2 concentration. A thick SiFxOy layer is formed at the concave part of the surface, which prevents fluorine atoms from reacting with Si. On the other hand, Si etching proceeds fast at the convex part covered with a thin SiFxOy layer. As a result, a rough Si surface is smoothed and trench corners are rounded off. By applying this treatment to a polycrystalline silicon surface, the leakage current of a SiO2 film grown on it is much reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; Vitrification ; Asparagus ; In vitro ; cultured bud clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A culture line of asparagus forming green bulbous structures consisting of numerous multiple bud clusters designated “bud clusters” was induced from a meristem culture of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.cv. Hiroshimagreen, 2n=30). Small cubic segments (2 mm3) cut from bud clusters were cryopreserved using three different cryogenic protocols. Only vitrification produced very high levels of shoot formation after cooling to −196°C. Segments were treated with a vitrification solution (PVS2) at 25°C for 45 min or at 0°C for 120 min prior to a direct plunge into liquid nitrogen. After rapid warming, the segments were expelled into Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.2 M sucrose for 10 min and then plated on agar shoot outgrowth medium. The average rate of shoot formation of vitrified segments producing normal shoots was near 90% without any preculture and/or cold-acclimation treatment. Revived segments resumed growth within 3 days and developed about three shoots per segment. In vitro-cultured bud clusters appear promising as material for cryopreserving asparagus germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsBletilla striata ; Cryopreservation ; Embryo ; Orchid ; Vitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seeds of a Japanese terrestrial orchid (Bletilla striata Rchb.f.) were germinated and cultured on solidified new Dogashima (ND) medium for 10 days. These embryos were then precultured on ND medium supplemented with 0.3 m sucrose for 3 days at 25°C in continuous dark. The embryos were then overlaid with a mixture of 2 m glycerol and 0.4 m sucrose for 15 min at 25°C and finally dehydrated with highly concentrated vitrification solution (PVS2) for 3 h at 0°C prior to immersion into liquid nitrogen for 30 min. After rapid warming, the embryos were washed with liquid ND medium supplemented with 1.2 m sucrose for 20 min and then plated on ND medium. Successfully vitrified and warmed embryos developed into normal plantlets. The rate of plant regeneration amounted to about 60%. This vitrification method appears to be a promising technique for cryopreservation of orchids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Shoot tips ; Cryopreservation ; Vitrification ; Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.] ; Tropical crops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro-grown shoot tips of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.) were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. Excised shoot tips precultured on solidified MS supplemented with 0.3 M sucrose and maintained under a 16 h phtoperiod at 25°C for 16 h were loaded with a mixture of 2 M glycerol plus 0.4 M sucrose for 20 min at 25°C. The shoot tips were then sufficiently dehydrated with a highly concentrated vitrification solution (PVS2) for 20 min at 25°C prior to immersion into liquid nitrogen. Successfully vitrified and warmed shoot tips resumed growth within 7 days and developed shoots directly without intermediate callus formation. The average rate of shoot recovery amounted to around 80%, and the vitrification protocol appeared to be very promising for the cryopreservation of taro germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words ADP-glucose starch glycosyl transferase ; Amyloplast ; BY-2 ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Transcription/translation inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When BY-2 cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells were transferred to auxin-depleted culture medium containing cytokinin (benzyladenine, 1 mg/l), the starch content per cell started increasing from 18 h of culture and amyloplasts had formed by 48 h. Pulse-treatment of the cells with actinomycin D and cycloheximide for the first 12 h (or longer) of culture significantly decreased the cellular starch content after 48 h, whereas the starch content did not decrease significantly when the cells were released from the inhibition within 6 h. This suggests that nuclear gene expression necessary for amyloplast formation begins 6–12 h after the transfer. Immunoblotting analysis of the accumulation of ADP-glucose starch glycosyl transferase (starch synthase) supported this inference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: cryopreservation ; apical meristems ; vitrification ; wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In vitro-grown apical meristems of wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsumura) were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. Excised apical meristems precultured on solidified M S medium containing 0.3M sucrose at 20°C for 1 day were loaded with a mixture of 2M glycerol and 0.4M sucrose for 20 min at 25°C. Cryoprotected meristems were then sufficiently dehydrated with a highly concentrated vitrification solution (designated PVS2) for 10 min at 25°C prior to a plunge into liquid nitrogen. After rapid warming, the meristems were expelled into 2 ml of 1.2M sucrose for 20 min and then plated on solidified culture medium. Successfully vitrified and warmed meristems remained green after plating, resumed growth within 3 days, and directly developed shoots within two weeks. The average rate of normal shoot formation amounted to about 80 to 90% in the cryopreserved meristems. This method was successfully applied to three other cultivars of wasabi. This vitrification procedure promises to become a routine method for cryopreserving meristems of wasabi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Cryopreservation ; Encapsulation-dehydration ; Encapsulation-vitrification ; Hairy roots ; Horseradish shoot primordia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot primordia induced in Armoracia rusticana Gaertn. Mey. et Scherb. (horseradish) hairy root cultures were successfully cryopreserved by two cryogenic procedures. Encapsulated shoot primordia were precultured on solidified Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 M sucrose for 1 day and then dehydrated with a highly concentrated vitrification solution (PVS2) for 4 h at 0°C prior to a plunge into liquid nitrogen. The survival rate of encapsulated vitrified primordia amounted to 69%. In a revised encapsulation-dehydration technique, the encapsulated shoot primordia were precultured with a mixture of 0.5 M sucrose and 1 M or 1.5 M glycerol for 1 day to induce dehydration tolerance and then subjected to air-drying prior to a plunge into liquid nitrogen. The survival rate of encapsulated dried primordia was more than 90%, and the revived primordia produced shoots within 2 weeks after plating. A long-term preservation of shoot primordia was also achieved by the technique. Thus, this revised encapsulation-dehydration technique appears promising as a routine method for the cryopreservation of shoot primordia of hairy roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (1999), S. 150-155 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Cryopreservation ; Encapsulation-vitrification ; Meristems ; Mint ; Vitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Alginate-coated meristems from in vitro-grown axillary buds of mint (Mentha spicata L.) were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. Excised meristems from nodal segments cold hardened at 4  °C for 3 weeks were encapsulated and osmoprotected by a mixture of 2 M glycerol plus 0.4 M sucrose. These meristems were dehydrated with a highly concentrated vitrification solution (PVS2 solution) for 3 h at 0  °C prior to a plunge into liquid nitrogen. Successfully encapsulated vitrified meristems developed shoots within a week after plating without intermediary callus formation. The average rate of shoot formation amounted to nearly 90%. This procedure was successfully applied to other Mentha species. It was also confirmed that encapsulated vitrified meristems produced a much higher rate of shoot formation than the encapsulated dried meristems. Thus, this revised encapsulation vitrification method appears promising for the cryopreservation of mint and other germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 328-331 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: cryopreservation ; dried buds ; desiccation tolerance ; asparagus ; Asparagus officinalis L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dried axillary buds from plantlets of Asparagus lofficinalis L. grown in vitro were successfully cryopreserved. Single node segments (5mm in length) with axillary bud were taken from mature in vitro plantlets. The segments were precultured on solidfied Murashige-Skoog medium (1962) containing 0.7M sucrose at 25 °C in light for 2 days. Thereafter, these precultured segments were subjected to dehydration with silica gel at room temperature for 0 to 24 h. The axillary buds of precultured segments tolerated dehydration to about 14% water content(FW) with 50% lethality (LD50) and the threshold water content at which the dried buds remained alive after exposure to liquid nitrogen was 16.9%(LD50). The maximum rate of survival of cryopreserved buds was about 71% of untreated control. Surviving buds produced shoots and regenerated into plantlets. These results demonstrate the feasibility of cryopreserving dried axillary buds from in vitro plantlets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 15 (1991), S. 341-346 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Afin d'évaluer les effets de champs électromagnétiques vibratoires (CEMV) sur la prolifération cellulaire et la synthèse du glycosaminoglycan (GAG) et d'étudier le milieu d'action de la stimulation par CEMV dans les cellules, nous avons effectué une série d'expériences sur des cellules de cartilage de croissance de la côte du lapin et sur des cellules de cartilage articulaire humain en culture. Un stimulateur CEMV a été fabriqué en employant une bobine de Helmholz. Des courants électriques en salves pulsées répétitives, avec une largeur de salve de 76 ms, une largeur de pulsion de 230 μs et 6.4 Hz étaient envoyés à travers cette bobine. La force du champ électromagnétique atteignait 0.4 mT (tesla) en moyenne. Les synthèses de DNA et de GAG étaient mesurées par incorporation de thymidine H3 et d'acide sulfurique S35. Les effets sur les cellules traitées par la lidocaine, l'adriamycine et l'irradiation étaient aussi mesurés par un essai formant colonie. La stimulation CEMV d'une durée de 5 jours a favorisé et la prolifération cellulaire et la synthèse du GAG dans les cellules de cartilage de croissance. La stimulation intermittente (fonctionnant on non toutes les 12 heures) les a augmentées de façon encore plus significative. D'autre part, dans les cellules de cartilage articulaire, la stimulation a accéléré la prolifération des cellules; cependant, elle n'a pas augmenté la synthèse du GAG. La stimulation CEMV a favorisé les cellules traitées par la lidocaine de façon plus significative que celles traitées par d'autres agents. Ces résultats montrent de façon évidente que la stimulation intermittente CEMV est plus efficace, aussi bien pour la prolifération cellulaire que pour la synthèse de GAG de cellules de cartilage, que la stimulation continue; et que la stimulation pourrait exercer des effets non pas directement par le noyau, mais par le mécanisme dépendant de la membrane cellulaire. Cette étude apporte une nouvelle donnée de base pour encourager les applications cliniques de CEMV.
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and to study the action site of PEMF stimulation in the cells, we performed a series of experiments on rabbit costal growth cartilage cells and human articular cartilage cells in culture. A PEMF stimulator was made using a Helmholz coil. Repetitive pulse burst electric currents with a burst width of 76 ms, a pulse width of 230 μs and 6.4 Hz were passed through this coil. The magnetic field strength reached 0.4 mT (tesla) on the average. The syntheses of DNA and GAG were measured by 3H-thymidine and 35S-sulfuric acid incorporations. The effects on the cells treated with lidocaine, adriamycin and irradiation were also measured using a colony forming assay. The PEMF stimulation for the duration of 5 days promoted both cell proliferation and GAG synthesis in growth cartilage cells and intermittent stimulation on and off alternatively every 12 h increased them most significantly, while, in articular cartilage cells, the stimulation promoted cell proliferation, but did not enhance GAG synthesis. PEMF stimulation promoted cells treated with lidocaine more significantly than with other agents. These results present evidence that intermittent PEMF stimulation is more effective on both cell proliferation and GAG synthesis of cartilage cells than continuous stimulation, and that the stimulation could exert effects not by nucleus directly, but by the cellular membrane-dependent mechanism. This study provides further basic data to encourage the clinical application of PEMF stimulation on bone and cartilage disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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