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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2021-2029 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Optical elements need to be developed at least at the same pace as synchrotron radiation sources of the third generation. We are concerned here with the interrelationship between improved optical instruments and scientific progress. This relationship becomes especially clear in the development of new monochromators with higher resolution and large throughput. The availability of better mirrors and gratings is most important in this respect. Another field is microscopy. We shall be concerned here mainly with scanning microscopy in which the radiation is imaged with mirrors onto a small spot on the sample. The respective imaging with zone plates is the topic of another paper. A spot size of 0.1 μm and better is theoretically feasible with mirrors but it depends on much progress in the manufacturing of aspherical mirrors of high accuracy. We demonstrate mainly from our own results with a spot in the 1 μm range that it is worthwhile to make this effort. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3513-3519 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first attempt to combine luminescence spectroscopy with scanning soft x-ray microscopy has been realized in our experiment. A new imaging luminescence spectrometer with a Schwarzschild objective was designed and built with a spectral resolution of 1.3 nm in the energy range of 1.6–6.5 eV for this purpose. Some luminescent ceramics have been investigated by using this spectrometer. A high contrast in luminescence micrographs is achieved due to the confocal arrangement of the Schwarzschild system and the microscope. The spectral and microstructural properties of these ceramics could be determined by means of luminescence microspectroscopy and spectromicroscopy. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Breast milk is thought to contain its own complex immune system. Whether or not this is altered in allergic individuals is not yet known. Methods: By ELISA techniques, inflammatory markers (MIP-1α, sICAM-1) and TH1 (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]), as well as TH2 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-10), were investigated in serum and milk samples from nonallergic (n=23) lactating women and those with respiratory allergies (n=19) during the first week postpartum. Results: IFN-γ was not detected in either serum or milk. IL-10 was more often found to be above the detection limit in both milk and serum samples from allergic mothers. IL-4 was detected in almost all serum samples with a wide variation. In milk, IL-4 was found in about 20% of the samples. MIP-1α was not detected in the serum but was detected in the milk of 23% of the nonatopic and 53% of the allergic mothers. Soluble ICAM-1 was present in all samples. Surprisingly, serum levels of sICAM-1 in allergic mothers (271±97 ng/ml) were significantly lower (P〈0.001) than in nonatopic subjects (375±86 ng/ml). Concentrations of sICAM-1 in milk were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The concentrations of proinflammatory markers and cytokines in breast milk did not differ significantly between allergic and nonatopic mothers. In some individuals, high levels of MIP-1α, IL-10, and sICAM-1 could be found. However, the significance of these components for the breast-fed infant is still unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 569-573 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed and brought into operation a new type of scanning soft x-ray microscope basing on a grazing incidence mirror. A ring shaped ellipsoidal mirror serves as a nonimaging but concentrating optical element to produce a microfocus. The specimen is mechanically scanned, and the image is recorded a pixel at a time. Transmission, total photoelectron yield, photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence, and stimulated desorption of ions and neutrals can provide information in the range of photon energies between 20 and 1300 eV. While the smallest spatially resolved structure, limited by the mirror imperfections, has a size of 0.4 μm, the minimum diameter of selected areas necessary for photoelectron microspectroscopy presently is about 4 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 48 (1961), S. 711-712 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tomato ; Lycopersicon peruvianum ; Self-incompatibility ; S-locus mutation ; Pollination Style-ribonuclease (S-RNase)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A series of crosses between a naturally-occurring self-compatible accession ofLycopersicon peruvianum and a closely-related self-incompatible accession were used to demonstrate that the mutation to self-compatibility is located at the S-locus. Progeny of the crosses contain abundant style proteins of about 30 kDa that segregate with the S6and S7-alleles from the SI parent and the Sc-allele from the SC parent. The S6and S7-associated proteins have ribonuclease activity whereas the Sc-associated protein is not an active ribonuclease. This finding indicates that S-RNases are determinants of self-incompatibility in the style and that the ribonuclease activity is essential for their function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Kraftsportler ; hohe Proteinzufuhr ; renale Nettosäureausscheidung ; Urin pH ; Ammoniumausscheidung ; Ammoniumproduktion ; renale Säureausscheidungskapazität ; Sulfat ; Bodybuilder ; high protein diet ; renal net acid excretion ; urine-pH ; ammonium excretion ; ammonia production ; sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Bodybuilders often prefer a high protein diet to achieve maximum skeletal muscle hypertrophy. In this study the effect of a high protein diet on renal acid load and renal handling of proton excretion was studied comparing dietary intake and urinary ionograms in 37 male bodybuilders and 20 young male adults. Energy intake (+7 %), protein intake (128 vs 88 g/d/1.73 m2), and renal net acid excretion (95 vs 64 mmol/d/1.73 m2) were higher in the bodybuilders than in the controls, however, urine-pH was only slightly lower (5.83 vs 6.12). In the bodybuilders renal ammonium excretion was higher at any given value of urine pH than in the controls. In a regression analysis protein intake proved to be an independent factor modulating the ratio between urine-pH and renal ammonium excretion. The concomitant increase of renal net acid excretion and maximum renal acid excretion capacity in periods of high protein intake appears to be a highly effective response of the kidney to a specific food intake leaving a large renal surplus capacity for an additional renal acid load.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kraftsportler ernähren sich zur Förderung des Muskelwachstums häufig proteinreich. In dieser Studie wurde die Wirkung einer hohen Proteinzufuhr auf die renale Säurelast und die renale Säureausscheidungskapazität anhand des Vergleichs der Daten der Nährstoffzufuhr und der Harnionogramme von 37 Kraftsportlern mit hoher Proteinzufuhr und 20 jungen Erwachsenen mit normaler Proteinzufuhr (Vergleichsgruppe) untersucht. Die Kraftsportler zeigten eine höhere Energie-(+7 %) und Proteinzufuhr (128 vs 88 g/d/1.73 m2) und eine höhere renale Nettosäureausscheidung (95 vs 64 mmol/d/1.73 m2) als die Vergleichsgruppe. Die Differenz der Urin pH-Werte der beiden Gruppen war allerdings erstaunlich gering (5.83 vs 6.12). Bei den Kraftsportlern war die renale Ammoniumausscheidung bei allen Urin pH-Werten deutlich höher als bei der Vergleichsgruppe. Eine Regressions-analyse ergab, daß die Proteinzufuhr das Verhältnis von Urin pH und renaler Ammoniumausscheidung eigenständig zu beeinflussen vermag. Eine vermehrte Proteinzufuhr führt zu einer erhöhten renalen Säurelast und Nettosäureausscheidung. Die gleichzeitig auftretende Steigerung der renalen Säureausscheidungskapazität infolge einer erhöhten Ammoniumproduktion stellt einen sinnvollen Anpassungsmechanismus des Körpers an diese besondere Form der Ernährung dar, der dem Körper eine ausreichende funktionelle Reservekapazität für weitere den Säure-Basen-Haushalt belastende pathophysiologische Ereignisse erhält.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental astronomy 9 (1999), S. 17-38 
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: Radio Astronomy ; Array Systems ; Acousto-Optical Spectrometer ; Back-ends ; Radiometers ; Heterodyne Instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper an array acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) with four 1 GHz bands and a frequency channel spacing of 1 MHz is presented. A discussion about the requirements which have to be fulfilled by the presented instrument for applications in radio astronomy is given as well as e detailed description of the optical design. Remarkable test results have been achieved such as an Allan-Variance minimum time of about 1000 s, identical noise performance, and identical frequency calibration of all bands. The reproducibility of measurements has been demonstrated by tests with CH3CN, using an absorption cell. The question of the maximum number of bands per array AOS is discussed. Although it may seem promising to increase the number of bands per optical unit to e.g. eight or more instead of four, a strong limitation has been found due to the increasing r.f. power level on the Bragg cell which affects the baselines of the spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 18 (1990), S. 286-288 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 294 in medizinischen Berufen tätige Personen aus 21 verschiedenen Fachbereichen auf Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Antikörper mittels ELISA-Testset der Firma Ortho untersucht, und nur sechs (2%) positiv gefunden. Personen mit direktem Patientenkontakt wie Ärzte und Schwestern scheinen dabei ein höheres Infektionsrisiko zu haben, als Personen ohne direkten Kontakt wie medizinisch-technische Assistentinnen oder das Reinigungspersonal. Auf der geriatrischen Abteilung ist das Risiko vielleicht etwas höher als auf den anderen Stationen, aber generell ist das Hepatitis-C-Infektionsrisiko für das Personal im medizinischen Bereich als eher gering einzustufen.
    Notes: Summary 294 health care workers from 21 different departments were tested for hepatitis C antibodies by means of the Ortho ELISA test. Only six (2%) were found positive. Health care workers having direct contact with the patient, such as doctors and nurses, seem to be at a higher risk of infection than those with only indirect contact, such as laboratory technicians and cleaning personnel. In the geriatric ward the risk is possibly slightly higher than in other departments. However, in general risk of infection with HCV for health care workers seems to be low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 467-472 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To study the epidemiology of hantavirus infections in Austria, 1215 humans and 596 rodents of different species were tested for the presence of antibodies against Puumala and Hantaan virus. Direct virus identification by polymerase chain reaction in lung tissue of serologically positive rodents was performed to verify antibody results and to determine the genetic identity of viral RNA by phylogenetic analysis of a part of the hantavirus M segment. For 32 of the 37 cases of nephropathia epidemica diagnosed in Austria, the location where transmission took place could be traced to specific areas in the Austrian federal states of Carinthia and Styria. The overall seroprevalence in humans was 1.2% and ranged from 0.02% in Villach, Carinthia, to 0.8% in Korneuburg, Lower Austria, and 1.8% in Wolfsberg, Carinthia. Virus RNA could be amplified from three Clethrionomys glareolus voles collected in Klippitztörl, Carinthia, and from one collected in Ernstbrunn, Lower Austria. The sequences were all identified as Puumala virus by phylogenetic analysis and were found to be most closely related to the western European Puumala viruses from Germany and France. No evidence of the existence of Hantaan-like infections and viruses in Austria was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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