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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional inhomogeneities in sputtered Co-Cr magnetic thin films studied by atom probe field ion microscopy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 8025-8031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositional inhomogeneities in Co-22 at. % Cr sputtered thin films have been studied quantitatively using atom probe field ion microscopy. For comparison, a Co-22 at. % Cr bulk alloy specimen has also been examined. As predicted from the recently published phase diagram, a solution treated Co-Cr bulk alloy specimen does not contain detectable chemical inhomogeneities. On the other hand, the Co-22 at. % Cr thin film sputter deposited at 200 °C consists of two distinct phases with different Cr concentrations. The size of each phase is in the order of 8 nm which is significantly smaller than the grain size of the specimen; however, the film that was sputter deposited at ambient temperature exhibited a significantly lower level of compositional inhomogeneity. Based on these results, it is concluded that the phase separation progresses when thin films are deposited on heated substrates. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357921
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of loss boundaries and ion flux spectra of end-loss ions in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10 (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 3823-3826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Loss boundaries and ion flux spectra of end-loss ions have been observed by means of a new diagnostic device in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10 [Nucl. Fusion Suppl. 1, 429 (1983)]. In consequence of measuring simultaneously both the pitch angle profile and energy of the end-loss ions, the loss boundaries were directly ascertained to be composed of two hyperbolic lines characterized by the electrostatic plug potential in the velocity space, and also high outer mirror throat potential was found. The flux spectra were compared with the two types of theoretical results, and discussed from a viewpoint of Coulomb collision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860338
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energy component analyzer and spectrum analysis of end-loss ions in a tandem mirror (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 899-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Features of the electrostatic energy analyzer of a cylindrical type are described with the aim of measuring the end-loss ions in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10. The analyzer provides us with information about ion density distributions in a loss-cone region of velocity space as well as plug potential in the tandem mirror. Application of the analyzer to the tandem mirror experiments and the energy spectrum analysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142027
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atom probe compositional analysis of Co-Cr sputtered magnetic thin films (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2504-2506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Co-22 at. % magnetic thin film, sputter deposited on a heated Cu coated Si substrate, was analyzed in the planar direction of the film by atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). The atom probe concentration depth profile convincingly showed that the film contained two phases, one enriched in Cr up to 30–35 at. % and the other enriched in Co up to 95–93 at. %. This result indicates that Co-22 at. % Cr thin film deposited on a heated substrate consists of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases, each less than a few tens of nanometers in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109336
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional atom probe analysis of a sputter-deposited Co–Cr thin film (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1686-1688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) was employed to study nanoscale compositional heterogeneities in Co-22 at. %Cr sputter-deposited thin films. Compositional fluctuations were visualized on a nanometer scale through a 3D reconstruction of collected atoms. Transmission electron microscopy observations of the same specimen area of before and after 3DAP analysis made it possible to scale the analyzed volume precisely. The resulting data show that a Co-22 at. %Cr thin film sputter deposited at elevated temperature was composed of two phases with a lamellarlike structure, one phase was ferromagnetic containing approximately 90 at. %Co, and the other was paramagnetic, containing approximately 60 at. %Co. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113893
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TiCN: A new chemical vapor deposited contact barrier metallization for submicron devices (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2416-2418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-quality chemical vapor deposited TiCN films were produced in a single wafer reactor using a metallorganic (TDMAT) precursor. The films have excellent step coverage over high aspect-ratio contacts as well as very low particle content. These properties are obtained because the films are deposited under surface-reaction controlled conditions. The films show also excellent barrier properties against Al and WF6 attack. These properties make this material a superb contact barrier material for ultra-large-scale integrated devices. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112693
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergenicity of acid protease secreted by Candida albicans (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously reported the cases of Candida albicans (C. alb) acid protease (CAAP)-induced atopic asthma. In this study, the allergenicity of the released enzyme CAAP was examined among asthmatic patients with positive immediate skin response to crude C. alb antigen. Among 49 patients with positive skin response to crude C. alb, anti-crude C. alb IgE antibodies were detected in 40 and anti-CAAP IgE antibodies were detected in 18. Moreover, anticrude C. alb IgE antibodies were detected in all of the patients in whom anti-CAAP IgE antibodies were detected. No correlations between IgG antibodies to both antigens or between IgE and IgG antibodies to CAAP were observed. CAAP induced significant T-cell proliferation in 20/28 patients showing positive T-cell proliferation response to crude C. alb antigen. Most of the patients showing positive conjunctival response to crude C. alb antigen also showed positive response to CAAP. Most of the patients showing high levels of serum IgE antibody and positive histamine-release response of peripheral blood leukocytes to CAAP showed positive conjunctival response. The results indicate that CAAP is an important allergen in C. alb-related mucosal allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04489.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assay for detecting IgE and IgG antibodies against Candida albicans cell-wall mannan (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, we assayed mannan-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in samples of serum isolated from blood collected from adult patients with bronchial asthma, using a liquid-phase method with a polysaccharide, mannan (Mn), purified from Candida albicans (C. alb), and investigated the relationships of allergenicity among a crude extract of C alb. purified Mn. and acid protease (AP). The correlations between the titers of anti-Mn A and anti-Mn B IgE and IgG were very strong, and the levels of inhibition of anti-Mn A IgE and IgG reactions by Mn A and Mn B were almost identical. Although no common allergenicity was observed between Mn A and AP because there was no correlation between the titers of anti-Mn A and anti-AP IgE, and no inhibition of the anti-Mn A IgE reaction by AP, both antigens were found to exist in crude C alb. The level of inhibition of anti-crude C. alb IgG reaction by Mn A or Mn B was about 60%. Approximately 70% inhibition of the anti-Mn A IgE reaction was observed for eight different fungal allergen extracts, but no inhibition was observed for 11 of the other fungal allergen extracts tested. The above results indicate that common antigenicity was observed between Mn A and Mn B in the human IgE and IgG antibody production system, and the cross-allergenicity observed among some fungi was considered to be the result of the common antigenicity of Mn isoforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03866.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of mast cells, eosinophils and IL-5 in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized mice (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and objective In order to study the role of mast cells and IL-5 in allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity in mice, airway responsiveness in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice (mast cell deficient) and the effects of anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (NC-17) and three anti-allergic drugs (N-556, ketotifen and amlexanox) on airway hyperreactivity in Balbc mice were studied.Methods Mice were immunized with an antigen (ovalbumin; OA) at intervals of 12 days. OA was inhaled 10 days after the secondary immunization. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, airway reactivity to acetyleholine was measured and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained.Resutls Three inhalations of OA caused an increase in leucocytes (including eosinophils). accompanied by increases in IL-5 in BALF, and airway hyperreaetivity to acetylcholine in Balb/c and WBB6F1- +/+ mice. In WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, antigen inhalation resulted in increases in leucocytes and IL-5 in BALF but did not result in airway hyperreactivity. NC-17 at doses between 10 and 20μg (intratracheal injection) inhibited the antigen-induced eosinophilia but did not affect airway hyperreaetivity in Balb/c mice. Three ‘anti-allergie’ drugs clearly inhibited antigen-induced increases in IL-5 levels and the number of eosinophils in BALF, but did not alTect airway hyperreactivity in Balb/c mice.Conclusions These data suggest that mast cells play an important role in the onset of airway hyperreactivity but do not play a role in the production of IL-5 and eosinophilia. Furthermore., indicate that the inhibition of IL-5 is not always associated with a reduetion in antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00590.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Der p and Der f I quantities in the reference preparations of Dermatophagoides mite extracts (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb-ELISA) was developed to measure the major Dermatophagoides mite allergens, Der p I and Der f I, The assay was highly species-specific and sensitive. Using this assay system, the absolute mass unit of Der p I and Der fI in the reference preparations of the extracts was estimated. The primary standards used were the purified Der p I and Der f I preparations. The reference preparations of the D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae extracts (92-Dp) and 92-Df), which had been prepared from the same amount of mite bodies of both species, were found to contain the same levels of the Der I allergens, 10.1 μg/ml of Der p I and 10.0 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively. A histamine release assay with leucocytes from mite-allergic donors showed that the total allergenic potency of 92-Dp and 92-Df was comparable. This result indicates that the estimated Der I levels in these extracts seem to be valid, at least, in the balanece between the two species, although further comparisons of the absolute quantities by several different laboratories are needed. The Der I levels in the WHO/IUIS international reference preparation of D. pteronyssinus and the CBER standard mite extracts, E4-Dp and E5-Df, were also estimated using this assay system. They were found to contain 4.4 μg/viaI and 13.3 μg/ml of Der p I and 9.5 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02739.x
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