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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • Chemistry  (13)
  • 25.85.Ca  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.60.+e ; 25.70.3f ; 25.85.Ca ; 27.9.+6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We identified twoα-emitting isotopes of element 107 with masses of 261 and 262 respectively by parent-daughter correlations. For the isotope with mass 262 we found two transitions with (102±26) ms and (8.0±2.1) ms half-life, which we assign to the groundstate and to an isomeric transition, respectively. The half-life of the isotope with mass 261 is (11.8 −2.8 +5.3 ) ms. Spontaneous fission, which could be assigned to the decay of an isotope of element 107, was not detected in our experiments. This observation is in-line with our previous results, indicating a region of nuclei with strong microscopic stabilisation in the trans-actinides. Both new isotopes were produced by complete fusion of209Bi with54Cr. The production cross sections are (163±34) pb for262107 and (36 −14 +22 ) pb for261107.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.60.+ e ; 25.85.Ca ; 25.70.Jj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In irradiations of207Pb and208Pb, respectively, with54Cr theα-decay of the isotopes259106,260106, and261106 could be observed for the first time. For260106 a spontaneous fission branch of (50 −20 +30 )% was observed. The isotopes were identified by genetic relationships of α-decay after separation in-flight with the velocity filter SHIP and implantation into a position-sensitive silicon surface-barrier detector. The measured partial fission halflife of the doubly even isotope260106 of (7.2 −2.7 +4.8 )ms exceeds the predicted values by at least a factor of 40. This result could be explained by the high shell corrections of the ground state mass, derived from the measured α-decay energies. The experimental results show evidence for an island of purely shell stabilized nuclei in the region of deformed isotopes beyond the actinides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 996-997 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 11 (1988), S. 617-626 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The primary stages of the oxidation of NiCr23 and of NiCr21Fe12 and the final oxide layers were studied at room temperature and oxygen pressures between 10-6 Pa and 10-4 Pa using AES and XPS. The composition of the surface during oxygen exposure was monitored by continuous recording of the Auger transitions M23 VV and L3M23V of the metallic components and the KL23L23 transition of oxygen. The low energy M23VV transitions are especially indicative of the present chemical state which is additionally characterized by the 2p photoelectron spectra. After different oxygen exposures, the thickness of the oxide layers was determined by angle resolved AES, XPS results, and by sputter depth profiling which also gives the elemental in depth distribution. It is concluded that the initial preferential oxidation of Cr is followed by a surface enrichment and oxidation of the remaining elements with lower affinity to oxygen, i.e. Ni in NiCr and both Ni and Fe in NiCrFe.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chemical composition of thin segregation layers is calculated using elemental Auger spectra and considering the adsorption of residual gas components during analysis. We take into account that the coverage with oxygen is different for the different elements in the thin layer and that the shape of the Auger peaks is changed by the coverage. Application of the method is demonstrated for quantitative analysis ofin situfractured grain boundaries of B-doped Ni3Al bicrystals.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: AES depth profiling ; polycrystalline films ; sputtering-induced roughness ; AFM ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sputtering-induced surface roughness is the main source of degradation of the depth resolution observed during depth profiling of polycrystalline metals. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of polycrystalline Al films at different mean sputtered depths are used to calculate both the depth distribution function (DDF) and the angular distribution function (ADF) of the evolving Al grain surfaces. The shape of the DDF changes with increasing mean sputtered depth, which implies the generation of two different roughness stages during sputtering. However, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling and AFM results show a linear increase of roughness vs. mean sputtered depth in the case of evaporated, polycrystalline Al films. A simple model is developed to calculate the AES intensity for a rough surface. The intensity behaviour as a function of the sputtering time depends on the ADF of microplanes and on the sample tilt angle and generally shows a marked decrease for high tilt angles. The sputtering rate distribution is determined using the DDF. A good fit of the AES depth profile of the Al film requires both the calculated intensity behaviour and the convolution using the DDF, which depends on the sputtering time. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 250-256 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Practical methods are investigated to reduce the charging which is often observed during AES analysis of insulating samples with keV electrons. It is shown that the negative charge caused by electron beams with keV energy can be either avoided or considerably reduced by the use of an additional electron beam or by the supply of low-energy (500 eV) positive ions. It is also reported and discussed that the state of reduced or vanishing charging obtained by both methods can be maintained for long periods of time.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 809-814 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neural pattern recognition was used to analyse the low-energy Auger spectra of a thermally annealed Si/Ni/Si layered structure measured during the acquisition of a depth profile. The purpose was to gain information about the chemical state of the elements at the interfaces by processing the data in a way quite similar to conventional target factor analysis (TFA). The new approach, however, has some important advantages: no standards are required, it is extremely fast and it is fully automatic. In principle, there is only one arbitrary parameter, the vigilance parameter ρ, which sets a threshold for the level of similarity required for assuming two spectra as belonging to the same class of data. However, the requirement that the optimal value for ρ should correspond to the maximal correlation between the experimental data set and the recalculated spectra makes the system also robust against misconclusions based on subjective interpretation of the data set, which is not always the case in TFA.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 437-438 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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