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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Case of Plagiarism (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 52 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1999.tb00219.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is There a European Economics? (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 48 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1995.tb02427.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic arginine aspartate supplementation in runners reduces total plasma amino acid level at rest and during a marathon run (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Ergogenics – amino acids – exercise – arginine aspartate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Athletes consume arginine and/or aspartate as potential nutritional ergogenics. Their metabolic effects are controversial and there is some evidence that ingestion of large doses of single amino acids can adversely affect the nitrogen balance or induce an amino acid imbalance. Nevertheless, the general metabolic influence of an arginine aspartate supplementation during a prolonged exercise bout has not yet been investigated. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the general metabolic impact of a chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate in endurance-trained athletes at rest and during a marathon run. Methods: Fourteen endurance-trained runners participated in this field study which was carried out according to a double-blind crossover design. 15 g of arginine aspartate or a carbohydrate-based placebo were supplemented daily for 14 days before a marathon run. Blood samples for analysis of metabolites and hormones were collected shortly before the run, after 31 km, at the end of the run, and after a recovery period of two hours. Additionally, the respiratory exchange ratio was determined during the run. Results: The plasma level of carbohydrate (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and fat metabolites (fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate), cortisol, insulin, ammonia, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase as well as the respiratory exchange ratio were unaffected by the supplementation. In contrast, the plasma level of somatotropic hormone, glucagon, urea, and arginine were significantly increased, and the level of most of the remaining plasma amino acids as well as their sun was significantly reduced. Conclusions: There was no obvious metabolic benefit derived from the chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate. And since furthermore the consequences of a reduction of the total plasma amino acid level are not known, the practice of using single amino acid supplements as potential ergogenics should be critically reevaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050076
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcortinkonzentrationen im Plasma von Normalpersonen und Patienten mit Nieren- oder Lebererkrankungen (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 936-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Transcortin ; Kidney disease ; Liver cirrhosis ; Estrogens ; Electroimmunodiffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of chronic kidney and liver diseases on the transcortin concentrations in plasma. The mean (±SD) plasma concentration of transcortin was 45.0±6.7 mg/l in women not taking oral contraceptive steroids and 41.2±6.7 mg/l in healthy male volunteers. Patients with the nephrotic syndrome had low transcortin concentrations (females: 20.9±8.5 mg/l; males: 26.0±6.0 mg/l). Abnormally low concentrations were measured in females treated for endstage renal disease with chronic ambulant peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (30.8±7.5 mg/l). Patients on hemodialysis or with a functioning renal allograft had normal transcortin concentrations in plasma. Females suffering from a primary biliary cirrhosis had normal transcortin concentrations and male patients with an alcoholic cirrhosis had abnormally low mean transcortin concentrations in plasma (32.6±7.4 mg/l). The transcortin concentrations in patients with a Gilbert syndrome were normal. Among patients with a kidney or liver disease, the large variability of the transcortin concentration in plasma indicates that the knowledge of the transcortin concentration or the unbound steroid concentration in plasma is mandatory for the interpretation of total glucocorticoid concentrations in plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727449
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical tomography of the aurora and EISCAT (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 16 (1998), S. 1332-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Tomography ; Aurora ; EISCAT ; Ionosphere ; Conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tomographic reconstruction of the three-dimensional auroral are emission is used to obtain vertical and horizontal distributions of the optical auroral emission. Under the given experimental conditions with a very limited angular range and a small number of observers, algebraic reconstruction methods generally yield better results than transform techniques. Different algebraic reconstruction methods are tested with an auroral are model and the best results are obtained with an iterative least-square method adapted from emission-computed tomography. The observation geometry used during a campaign in Norway in 1995 is tested with the are model and root-mean-square errors, to be expected under the given geometrical conditions, are calculated. Although optimum geometry was not used, root-mean-square errors of less than 2% for the images and of the order of 30% for the distribution could be obtained. The method is applied to images from real observations. The correspondence of original pictures and projections of the reconstructed volume is discussed, and emission profiles along magnetic field lines through the three-dimensionally reconstructed arc are calibrated into electron density profiles with additional EISCAT measurements. Including a background profile and the temporal changes of the electron density due to recombination, good agreement can be obtained between measured profiles and the time-sequence of calculated profiles. These profiles are used to estimate the conductivity distribution in the vicinity of the EISCAT site. While the radar can only probe the ionosphere along the radar beam, the three-dimensional tomography enables conductivity estimates in a large area around the radar site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1332-y
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear plasma protein binding and haemodialysis clearance of prednisolone (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: haemodialysis ; protein binding ; prednisolone ; clearance ; renal transplant ; free clearance ; dialysate loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The impact of nonlinear plasma protein binding of a drug on its removal by haemodialysis has been quantified. Prednisolone 10–100 mg was given i.v. to 10 renal transplant patients on haemodialysis for acute tubular necrosis. Dialysate and afferent and efferent blood samples were collected simultaneously in 67 instances. Total and unbound prednisolone in plasma and its total concentration in blood and dialysate were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography and equilibrium dialysis. The amount of prednisolone lost, as measured directly in the dialysate (21.8±4.4 µg/min, $${{\bar x}}$$ ± SE), was predictable from the afferent-efferent blood concentration differences (20.1±4.8 µg/min), but not from measurements of total afferent-efferent prednisolone concentrations in plasma (13.1±3.0 µg/min). The amount of prednisolone lost in the dialysate increased linearly with unbound (r 2=0.96) and hyperbolically with the total prednisolone concentration in plasma. The latter hyperbolic relationship is adequately described by the equation for nonlinear plasma protein binding, using the affinity and capacity constants of albumin and transcortin for prednisolone (r 2=0.98). Thus, the haemodialysis clearance of total prednisolone is concentration-dependent, while the clearance of unbound prednisolone is constant (76 ml/min). Free clearance values or measurements of afferent-efferent blood concentrations are mandatory for a drug showing nonlinear plasma protein binding in order to predict the amount lost in the dialysate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061379
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and endogenous hydrocortisone levels in cushingoid and non-cushingoid patients (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisolone ; hydrocortisone ; cushingoid syndrome ; pharmacokinetics ; renal transplant ; oral disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To establish if the appearance of cushingoid side effects in patients taking exogenous glucocorticoids is related to the disposition and metabolism of these steroids and endogenous hydrocortisone, 15 stable renal transplant patients and 12 patients treated with prednisone for oral mucocutaneous vesiculo-erosive diseases were investigated. All 27 patients were given their usual prednisone dose orally on one occasion, and 24 were given the same amount of prednisolone intravenously on another occasion. Following dosing, plasma samples were obtained for determination of the areas under the plasma concentration time curves of total prednisolone, prednisone and hydrocortisone by high performance liquid chromatography, and of unbound prednisolone by equilibrium dialysis. The bioavailability of prednisone, the interconversion of prednisone into prednisolone, the clearance of total and unbound prednisolone, the prednisolone binding capacity of albumin and transcortin, and the affinity of albumin for prednisolone did not differ between the 14 patients without cushingoid side effects and the 13 cushingoid patients. Compared to those who had cushingoid features, patients who developed no side effects had a higher affinity constant for prednisolone binding to transcortin − 2.04±0.27 × 107 L/M vs. 1.34±0.16×107 (X±SE;P〈0.05), more frequently exhibited peak hydrocortisone levels within the normal range (6/14 vs 1/13), more often had measurable (〉10ng/ml) hydrocortisone in the plasma samples collected during the kinetic studies (123/291 vs 74/325;P〈0.001) and had higher areas under the plasma concentration time curve of hydrocortisone (median, range), i.e. 8081 ng/ml · min (0–21 637 ng/ml · min) vs 386 ng/ml · min (0–16 329 ng/ml · min;P〈0.005). The data suggest that endogenous hydrocortisone production is not as suppressed in patients with visible cushingoid signs as in noncushingoid patients, and that there is no significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of exogenous glucocorticoids between patients with and without cushingoid side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627926
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic interaction of contraceptive steroids with prednisone and prednisolone (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 505-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisolone ; prednisone ; oral contraceptives ; 6β-hydroxylase ; transcortin ; protein-binding ; steroid metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The oestrogenic component of oral contraceptives affects the activity of liver enzymes and the concentrations of plasma proteins implicated in steroid metabolism and transport. The present study was designed to determine these effects on the kinetics of prednisone and prednisolone. After an oral dose of prednisone, women on oral contraceptive steroids (n=10) had higher mean (±SD) area under the plasma concentration versus time curves of total (428±67 µg/ml/min vs 188±28 µg/ml/min, p〈0.001) and unbound prednisolone (64±10 µg/ml/min vs 41±10 µg/ml/min, p〈0.001) than women not taking oral contraceptive steroids (n=10). The differences were attributable to a lower non-renal clearance of prednisolone and to a higher apparent systemic availability of the drug in contraceptive users than in the controls. The affinity of albumin and transcortin for prednisolone was lower in women on oral contraceptives than in controls (p〈0.001). Thus, altered kinetics and protein binding may account for the known increase in glucocorticoid efficacy by oestrogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542149
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single dose of azathioprine does not affect the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following oral prednisone (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisone ; prednisolone ; azathioprine ; 11 β-hydroxydehydrogenase ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations suggest that azathioprine may diminish the plasma level of prednisolone. To study the extent of this possible interaction, and to define the underlying mechanism, total and unbound prednisolone and total prednisone concentrations were assessed in 11 subjects following an oral dose of prednisone once with and once without concomitant oral administration of azathioprine. Azathioprine did not affect the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of total and unbound prednisolone; furthermore, the interconversion of prednisone into prednisolone was not influenced by azathioprine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561951
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex relation between triazine-susceptible phenotype and genotype in the weed Senecio vulgaris may be caused by chloroplast DNA polymorphism (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 578-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words CpDNA polymorphism ; Heteroplasmy ; psbA gene ; Triazine resistance ; Senecio vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The weed Senecio vulgaris acquired high levels of resistance to triazine herbicides soon after the latter’s introduction. As in most weeds, triazine resistance is conferred by a point mutation in the chloroplast psbA gene that negatively affects the fitness of its carrier. To assess levels of triazine resistance in S. vulgaris field populations, we adopted a PCR-RFLP-based molecular diagnostic test recently developed for the triazine resistance-conferring region of the psbA gene of other weeds, including Brassica napus, Chenopodium spp. and Amaranthus spp., and compared these molecular results to the phenotypic response after triazine application. A highly significant linear correlation was found between phytotoxic symptoms and biomass reduction. Variability in phenotypic response was not only found between populations or inbred lines of S. vulgaris but also within replicates of the same inbred line. No clear relationship, however, was found between the DNA restriction pattern and the phenotypic response to triazine application, thereby throwing doubt on the use of such molecular diagnostic tests to track triazine resistance in S. vulgaris. Our results indicate that the chloroplast genome of S. vulgaris is polymorphic and that the level of polymorphism may be variable within single leaves of individual plants. We discuss the possible genetic basis of this polymorphism and its consequence for the acquisition and inheritance of chloroplast-based traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051271
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