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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The depolarization of cultured astrocytes by GABA and glycine correlates in amplitude and time course with the increase of the extracellular K+-concentration during perfusion with these amino acids. It is suggested that the glial depolarization is caused by an efflux of K+ from neighbouring neurones activated by the amino acid transmitters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neurone-glia interaction ; Amino acid transmitters ; K+ ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The action of inhibitory amino acid transmitters GABA, glycine, β-alanine and taurine has been studied on the membrane potential of cultured astrocytes and on the extracellular K+-concentration ([K+]0) using K+-sensitive microelectrodes. All four amino acids caused a depolarization of glial cells and an increase of [K+]0. The effects produced by GABA were usually more pronounced than those caused by the other amino acids. Simultaneous recordings of the action of GABA and glycine on the glial membrane potential and on [K+]0 usually revealed a good correlation in time course, but often there were differences between the amplitudes of glial depolarizations and the values calculated from the [K+]0 increase. 4-Aminopyridine, which blocks K+-conductance of excitable membranes, reversibly abolished both the glial depolarization and the [K+]0 increase produced by GABA and glycine. From these results it is concluded that unlike neurones, glial cells do not have receptors for these amino acid transmitters and that their action on glial cells is caused by the efflux of K+ from activated neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 4 (1865), S. 388-403 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 35 (1998), S. s080 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lokales zerebrales Monitoring – zerebrale Mikrodialyse ; Key words Cerebral microdialysis – monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cerebral microdialysis is a potent research tool in experimental neurobiology and is now also introduced in intraoperative monitoring and neurointensive care. The method has the potential to be used as focal monitoring of intact brain or of brain regions of therapeutic interest. Our work includes experimental assessment of sensitive parameters as glucose, lactate, glucose-lactate index, and pH of dialysates. The investigation included focal cerebral ischemia, intracerebral and subdural haematoma, and glutamate neurotoxicity. The clinical work used intraoperative monitoring to assess normal value ranges, pathophysiologic ranges, and neurochemical monitoring in neurointensive patients. Our experience shows that some neurochemical cases monitored with microdialysis show early changes, in three cases even anticipating clinical worsening. We conclude that cerebral microdialysis has a future in our field.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Suche nach neuen Monitoring-Methoden des ZNS in der Neurointensivmedizin haben wir seit 1992 die zerebrale Mikrodialyse untersucht und weiterentwickelt. Neben tierexperimentellen Überprüfungen von pathophysiologischen Mechanismen (Ischämie, subdurales-intrazerebrales Hämatom, Neurotoxizität) haben wir die Sensitivität auf Glukose, Laktat und Glukose-Laktat-Index sowie auf das pH des Dialysates untersucht. Die ersten Anwendungen am Patienten intraoperativ zur Bestimmung von Ruhewerten und pathologischen Wertbereichen, sowie bei intensiv-medizinischen Patienten als eigentliches neurochemisches Monitoring sind soweit ermutigend. Trotz des kleinen monitorisierten Gewebevolumens lassen sich Wertbereiche im Ruhezustand sowie pathologische Bereiche erkennen. Zeitlich gesehen ergibt sich fallweise auch ein Warneffekt der neurochemischen Parameter. Die auch von anderen Autoren erlebten Schwierigkeiten sind einerseits die noch nicht standardisierten Methoden, die Datenflut, sowie auch die Schwierigkeiten, interindividuelle Vergleiche statistisch relevant darzustellen. Die Lösung liegt in der Schaffung leistungsfähhiger Datenbanken, welche auch die übrigen physiologischen und laborchemischen Parameter beinhalten sowie der im intraindividuellen Vergleich dargestellten Resultate. Eigene Ergebnisse und Konzepte werden dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 103 (1868), S. 1-41 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 7 (1868), S. 1-29 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 84 (1861), S. 328-354 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 116 (1860), S. 177-192 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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