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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 1066-1070 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Williams-Beuren-Syndrom ; Preus-Score ; Elastingen ; 7q11.23 ; Key words Williams Beuren syndrome ; Preus score ; Elastin deletion ; 7q11.23
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Due to the clinical variability of the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) an early diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Therefore, the diagnostic value of the clinical Preus score and of hemizygosity of the elastin gene are compared. Methods: In 13 children with suggested WBS the Preus score was evaluated and a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the elastin gene as well as an chromosome analysis were performed. Results: Out of 13 patients with normal chromosomal results 9 had a deletion of one elastin gene as shown by FISH. Two further patients had aberrations of chromosome 21 and the X chromosome, which are considered to explain the phenotype. The Preus scores of all patients with elastin gene deletion were at least 6 or higher and therefore positive. The remaining children yielded 0.18; 0.37; 1.00 and 6.4. Conclusion: In this study all patients with WBS showed elastin gene hemizygosity and a high positive Preus score. A positive Preus score was also found in patients with chromosome aberrations. With reference to published and our results the diagnosis of WBS should be used carefully if there is no elastin gene deletion. However, a WBS cannot be fully excluded by molecular methods, as there may exist hitherto unknown mutations in WBS patients without elastin gene deletion. In this cases evaluation of the Preus score could support the clinical diagnosis. If a numerical value of more than 1 in the Preus score is considered positive for WBS, sensitivity of the score is 100% and specificity is 92%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die Diagnose des Williams-Beuren-Syndroms (WBS) wird durch die klinische Variabilität erschwert. Daher sollen der diagnostische Wert sowohl des von Preus aufgestellten klinischen Scores als auch der Elastingenhemizygotie geprüft und miteinander verglichen werden. Methodik: Bei 13 Kindern mit Verdacht auf WBS wurden der Preus-Score erhoben und eine Fluoreszenz-in situ-Hybridisierungs-Analyse des Elastingens sowie eine Chromosomenanalyse durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Neun der 13 Patienten zeigten eine Deletion eines Elastingens bei normalem Karyotyp. Zwei Patienten wiesen bei normaler Elastingendosis eine Chromosomenaberration auf. Der Preus-Score lag bei allen Patienten mit Elastindeletion 〉6 und war damit hoch positiv. Bei den übrigen Kindern wurde ein Preus-Score von 0,18; 0,37, 1,00 und 6,4 ermittelt. Schlußfolgerung: Bei allen Patienten mit WBS lagen in dieser Studie eine Elastingendeletion und ein hoch positiver Preus-Score vor. Ein positiver Preus-Score wurde jedoch auch bei Patienten mit Chromosomenaberrationen ermittelt. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Ergebnisse und der Daten aus der Literatur sollte daher die Diagnose Wiliams-Beuren-Syndrom nur unter Vorbehalt gestellt werden, wenn keine Elastingendeletion nachweisbar ist. Da aber bisher unbekannte Mutationen bei den wenigen Patienten ohne Elastingendeletion denkbar sind, kann ein WBS auf molekularer Ebene nicht mit letzter Sicherheit ausgeschlossen werden. Bei diesen Patienten könnte der Preus-Score zur klinischen Diagnose beitragen. Setzt man für die Diagnose eines WBS im Preus-Score einen Endsummenwert von 〉1 voraus, so wird eine Sensitivität von 100% bei einer Spezifität von 92% erreicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 18 (1973), S. 207-211 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine partielle Trisomie des kurzen Armes eines Chromosoms 4 wurde bei einem 3 Jahre alten mikrocephalen, in seiner geistigen Entwicklung retardierten Kind festgestellt. Diese Aberration ergab sich bei einer reziproken Translokation t(4p-22p+), die bei der Mutter, dem Großvater und 2 Geschwistern vorliegt.
    Notes: Summary Partial trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 was found in a 3-year-old microcephalic, mentally retarded girl. This aberration resulted from a reciprocal translocation t(4p-22p+) present in the mother, the grandfather and both siblings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 19 (1973), S. 349-352 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary De novo translocation of an important portion of the long arm of the Y chromosome to the short arm of No. 15 was observed in a mentally defective boy exhibiting several abnormal features: cleft palate, contracted fingers, synostosis of the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones, narrow iliac wings. Endocrinological studies suggest extreme hypogonadism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 24 (1974), S. 59-65 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am menschlichen Y-Chromosom können mittels der Q-und C-Methoden 6 einzelne Abschnitte nachgewiesen werden, besonders wenn das Chromosom nicht stark kondensiert ist. Nach unseren Befunden bleibt der kurze Arm ungefärbt, während der lange Arm in 5 Abschnitte (Bänder) unterteilt werden kann: ein perizentrisches C-positives Band (Yq1), ein C-negatives Band Yq2, zwei C-positive Bänder Yq3 und Yq5, die gelegentlich in eine hellere und eine dunklere Zone unterteilt werden können und zwischen denen ein helles Band, Yq4, zu erkennen ist. Bei der Q-Methode bildet Uq4 den Spalt zwischen den beiden hell fluorescierenden Abschnitten. Die Befunde werden mikrodensitometrisch belegt. Das terminale Heterochromatin könnte durch eine Tandem-Duplikation entstanden sein.
    Notes: Summary The normal human Y chromosome was subdivided into 6 distinct bands by Q, C bandings and microdensitometric tracing. The best results were obtained from chromosomes not fully condensed. The results reveal that at late prophase the Y can be subdivided in 1 single unstained band in short arm 5 bands in the long arm. These 5 bands from centromere to telomere are: a pericentric C+ band Yq1; unstained band Yq2; C+ band Yq3; lightly stained band Yq4; and a C+ band Yq5. These observational results were substantiated by densitometric tracings. The Yq3 and Yq5 bands can sometimes be subdivided further into a dark and a light C+ zone. The Q band analysis indicates that the distal heterochromatin can be subdivided in two regions with the Yq4 band appearing as a lightly stained zone. We believe the terminal heterochromatin of the prevalent human Y represents a single tandem duplication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 37 (1977), S. 111-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Report of a supernumerary extra chromosome der(11;22)(q23; q12) resulting from a balanced translocation in the mother. The propositus suffers from mental deficiency, deafness and extreme muscular weakness and exhibits cleft palate, a labial lymphangioma and an atrial septum defect. Since the features of partial trisomy 11q23 frequently associated with a translocation t(11q;22q) bear similarities with the cases of so called trisomy 22 one might conjecture that some of these observations are in fact products of translocations including partial 11q.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 42 (1978), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microcephaly and craniofacial dysmorphia, cleft palate, cardiac malformation, and hypospadias are observed in a child with 46,XY,del (1)(q42).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 43 (1978), S. 103-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Description of a pericentric inversion of a chromosome 14 with breakpoints at p11 and q23 leading to duplication-deficiency as a result of crossing over.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 33 (1976), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A supernumerary extra chromosome of maternal origin, precisely described from QM- and C-banding patterns, was studied in a mentally defective boy with a severe convulsive disorder. This case is considered to represent a specific phenotype of trisomy 15q1. The suggestion that in cases of partial trisomy 15q different phenotypes are due to the second chromosome involved in interchange is supported by the observation of a tertiary trisomy in 2 sibs. It resulted from a balanced reciprocal translocation in the mother t(8q+15q-) and caused an unusual malformation syndrome (mental deficiency, cleft lip and palate, funnel chest, hypospadias).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 52 (1979), S. 217-220 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A tandem duplication of 5q13→5q22, visualized using GTG- and RBA-banding, was found in a mentally defective girl with craniofacial dysmorphy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 44 (1978), S. 207-212 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Report on mosaicism of an additional deleted chromosome 8 in a 12-year-old girl. She exhibits several typical but minor features of the trisomy-8 syndrome. Her IQ is 77 (Hawik).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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