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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Inflammation-Mediated Osteopenia on the Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon and the Systemic Acceleratory Phenomenon During Healing of a Bone Defect in the Rat (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 160-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Regional acceleratory phenomenon — Systemic acceleratory phenomenon — Inflammation-mediated osteopenia — Bone healing — Woven bone.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have previously shown that restoration of a local bone defect in the rat not only leads to a regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP), but also to a systemic acceleration of osteogenesis (SAP) at distant sites of the skeleton. In this study, we investigated whether specific inhibition of osteoblasts would affect the local RAP and the systemic acceleratory phenomenon (SAP) healing sites. Systemic inhibition of osteoblasts was induced by inflammation-mediated osteopenia (IMO), a nonspecific type of inflammation initiated by S.C. injections of sterile talc. A drill hole defect 1.2 mm in diameter was performed at the midshaft of the left tibia of female rats. On day 7, during the formation phase of the local healing process, IMO did not influence the number of osteoblasts or the bone volume in the marrow cavity of the local healing site, whereas it did lead to a significant reduction of osteoblast number and bone volume at the systemic site (subepiphyseal spongiosa of the tibia). By contrast, on days 14 and 21, during the resorption phase of bone healing, IMO led to a significant reduction in both osteoblast number and bone volume in the marrow cavity of the local healing site. At the same time, however, it did not influence the cortical area of the bone defect where newly formed bone is needed to ensure mechanical stability. In summary, our model of bone healing reveals that a humoral noxious osteoblast stimulus such as IMO is able to inhibit systemically osteoblasts stimulated by SAP, whereas it is not able to inhibit osteoblasts either from producing woven bone during a RAP or from producing bone that is needed to mechanically stabilize a defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900508
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the Concentration of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Rat Femoral Bone during Growth (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Insulin-like growth factor-I — Transforming growth factor-β— Bone matrix — Growth — Rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Our knowledge of the concentration of growth factors in growing bone is limited. In the present study, we examined the developmental changes in the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the rat femur between weanling and maturity. We show that during the rapid growth phase there is a continuous rise in bone matrix IGF-I and TGF-β in all compartments of the femoral bone. The association between IGF-I and TGF-β is not only temporal, but with few exceptions is also observed within the animals of each age class. These data support the hypothesis that IGF-I and TGF-β play an important role in the growth-associated accumulation of bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900582
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bisphosphonate therapy for skeletal metastases (1998)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 27 (1998), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Bisphosphonates • Bone metastases • Hypercalcemia of malignancy ; Schlüsselwörter Bisphosphonate • Skelettmetastasen • Tumorhyperkalziämie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bisphosphonate stellen ein neues Therapieprinzip bei der Behandlung von Knochenerkrankungen dar. Sie hemmen die osteoklastäre Knochenresorption und haben sich deshalb bei der Osteoporose, dem Morbus Paget und v. a. bei der Behandlung der Tumorosteopathie bewährt. Insbesondere Pamidronat, Clodronat und Ibandronat sind im Hinblick auf ihre Wirksamkeit bei der Tumorhyperkalziämie und der Tumorosteolyse gut untersucht. Sie stellen die Therapie der Wahl bei der Therapie der hyperkalziämischen Krise dar. Die regelmäßige Anwendung von Bisphosphonaten reduziert das Auftreten skeletaler Komplikationen, wie pathologische Frakturen, Knochenschmerzen oder einer Tumorhyperkalziämie, v. a. beim Mammakarzinom und beim Plasmozytom. Von großem Interesse sind momentan die Untersuchungen zur prophylaktischen Gabe von Bisphosphonaten bei Tumoren mit einem hohen Risiko der Knochenmetastasierung, da erste Ergebnisse eine deutliche Verminderung des Auftretens von Knochenmetastasen beim Mammakarzinom zeigen.
    Notes: Summary Bisphosphonates are a new therapeutic option in the treatment of bone diseases. They inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption and are established in the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone and especially in tumor bone disease. The effects of pamidronate, clodronate and ibandronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy and osteolytic bone disease have been extensively studied. These drugs represent the treatment of choice in hypercalcemia of malignancy. The regular application of bisphosphonates reduces skeletal-related events like pathologic fracture, bone pain or hypercalcemia of malignancy, especially in breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Of great interest are the ongoing studies concerning prophylactic application of bisphosphonates in tumors bearing a high risk for bone metastases, especially since the first results suggest a significant reduction in the development of bone metastases in breast cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003493
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Definition des Hyperparathyreoidismus und Indikation zur chirurgischen Therapie (1999)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 1077-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Definition of primary ; secondary ; tertiary hyperparathyroidism ; Organ manifestations ; Clinical symptoms of hypercalcemic syndrome ; Progressive renal osteodystrophy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Definition des primären ; sekundären ; tertiären Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Organmanifestationen ; funktionelle Symptome des Hypercalciämiesyndroms ; Progression der renalen Osteopathie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Der Hyperparathyreoidismus, die Überfunktion der Nebenschilddrüsen oder Epithelkörperchen, kommt in zwei grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Formen vor: Beim primären Hyperparathyreoidismus liegt ein autonomer Parathormonexzess ohne erkennbare Ursache vor, beim sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus stimuliert eine chronische Hypocalciämie die Nebenschilddrüsen zur reaktiven Überfunktion. Aus ihr kann bei langjährigem Bestehen eine Autonomie im Sinne eines tertiären Hyperparathyreoidismus entstehen. Die Indikation zur chirurgischen Intervention ist beim primären Hyperparathyreoidismus gegeben, wenn Organmanifestationen (renal, intestinal, ossär) oder relevante Symptome des Hypercalciämiesyndroms vorliegen. Beim sicher asymptomatischen primären Hyperparathyreoidismus ist eine abwartende Strategie „erlaubt“, sofern sich der Patient den erforderlichen Langzeitkontrollen unterzieht. Ergeben sie eine Progression, ist von der abwartenden Strategie zur operativen Intervention umzuschalten. Beim sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus stellt sich die Aufgabe der operativen Intervention bei progredienten Folgen des Parathormonexzesses, d. h. bei progredienter renaler Osteopathie oder beim Umschlag in die Autonomie des tertiären Hyperparathyreoidismus.
    Notes: Summary. Parathyroid excess may happen as a result of autonomous overactivity of the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism). Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the consequence of chronic hypocalcemia, leading to parathyroid hyperplasia. Long-lasting secondary hyperparathyroidism may turn to autonomy in the sense of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. In primary hyperparathyroidism indications for surgical intervention are renal, intestinal or osseous organ manifestations, as well as relevant clinical symptoms of the so-called hypercalcemic syndrome. In truly asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, observation is justified. However, the patients need regular supervision. If there is progression indicating health risk, the strategy must switch from observation to operation. Secondary hyperparathyroidism has must be treated by surgery if renal osteodystrophy progresses or tertiary hyperparathyroidism develops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050868
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasound Measurements at the Proximal Phalanges in Healthy Women and Patients with Hip Fractures (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone mineral density – Calcaneus – Hip fracture – Osteoporosis – Phalangeal ultrasonography – Quantitative ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) are useful for the assessment of fracture risk in osteoporosis. First prospective studies showed that quantitative ultrasound as measured at the calcaneus also predicts future hip fracture risk, independently of BMD and as accurately as BMD. The aim of this study was to compile a reference population for a new ultrasound device that determines amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SOS) through the proximal phalanges of the hand and to prove its ability to distinguish between health volunteers and osteoporotic patients. In a case–control study we examined 139 healthy women aged 21–94 years and a group of 24 female patients aged 69–94 years with recent hip fractures. In the healthy reference population additional BMD measurements were performed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus were carried out. In vivo precision of AD-SOS measurements through the phalanges was 0.52% CV. Simple regression analyses showed a negative correlation with age (r= 70.73, p50.001); modest significant correlations with BMD of the lumbar spine (r= 0.36, p50.001) and BMD of the femoral neck (r= 0.37, p= 0.002) as measured with DXA were shown. The comparison with another ultrasound device measuring SOS and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) through the calcaneus showed correlation with SOS (r= 0.50, p50.001); no significant correlation was found with BUA measurements. Furthermore a dependency of AD-SOS values in anthropometric factors such as body mass index (r= 0.37, p50.001), height (r= 0.40, p50.001) and weight (r= 0.23, p50.05) was shown. First study results on 24 clinically diagnosed osteoporotic patients, defined as patients with recent (51 week) pertrochanteric or femoral neck fractures, showed a good separation between age- and sex-matched controls and osteoporotic patients (Z= 72.0 SD). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed an area under the fitted curve of 0.83 + 0.06. These results are powerful for a device measuring AD-SOS through the proximal phalanges of the hand, and further prospective studies have proven the capability of phalangeal ultrasound in fracture risk assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050081
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced Pulmonary Function in Patients with Spinal Osteoporotic Fractures (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:: Osteoporosis – Pulmonary function, Quality of life – Vertebral fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Vertebral deformation in spinal osteoporosis results in spinal and thoracic deformation, causing pain, disability and an overall decrease in quality of life. We sought to determine whether thoracic spinal deformation may lead to impaired pulmonary function. We studied expiratory relaxed vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in 34 patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures and 51 patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to reasons other than osteoporosis. Measurements of pulmonary function tests were calculated as a percentage of the normal range adjusting for age, sex, and height using the equations for normal values of the EKGS (Europäische Gesellschaft für Kohle und Stahl). Severity of osteoporosis was determined by calculation of the spine deformity index (SDI-total and SDI-anterior) on lateral radiographs of the spine and clinical measures of body stature (height reduction, distance from lowest ribs to iliac crest and distance from the occiput to the wall). Patients with osteoporosis had a lower vital capacity (%VC of the reference value) than patients with CLBP. The differences were more prominent (p〈0.05) when the previous body height, at age 25 years, was used as reference for calculation of VC (mean ± SD: 93.6%± 15.3% in patients with osteoporosis v 105.6%± 15.1% in patients with CLBP). FEV1 was significantly (p〈0.05) lower in patients with osteoporosis when previous body height was considered, in comparison with patients with CLBP (mean ± SD: 85.0%± 14.2% in patients with osteoporosis v 92.4%± 13.6% in patients with CLBP). In patients with osteoporosis VC (standardized on previous body height) was significantly negatively correlated with SDI-anterior (r=–0.4, p〈0.03). Furthermore, VC standardized on previous body height showed a weak but significant negative correlation with some clinical measures of osteoporosis (height reduction vs %VC: r=–0.34, p〈0.05; distance from the lowest ribs to iliac crest vs %VC: r= 0.35, p〈0.04). In conclusion, we found that pulmonary function is significantly diminished in patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures as compared with CLBP patients without evidence of manifest osteoporosis. Reduction of pulmonary function is correlated significantly with clinical and radiological measures of severity of spinal deformation due to osteoporotic fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050063
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influences of acute hyper- and hypocalcemia and of calcitonin on exocrine pancreatic function in man (1973)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 160 (1973), S. 152-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Pancreatic secretion in man ; Secretin ; Cholecystokininpancreozymin ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influences of acute changes of the serum calcium and of calcitonin (CT) on the exocrine pancreatic function have been studied in man. During stimulation with secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) Ca++-glucolactobionate, Na2-EDTA, porcine and human synthetic CT were infused i.v. Hypercalcemia provoked an increase of enzyme secretion under unstimulated and secretin stimulated conditions; however, in the case of CCK-PZ administration enzyme output was not altered. EDTA-hypocalcemia inhibited pancreatic secretion during secretin as well as during CCK-PZ infusions. CT doses above 2 MRCU caused a decrease of enzyme secretion during simultanous secretin/CCK-PZ administration by about 70–80% of the initial value without decreasing serum Ca++; doses of 0.5 MRCU and less were without effect. In none of the experiments bicarbonate secretion was affected. The results show important changes of the pancreatic enzyme secretion during acute hyper- and hypocalcemia, while calcitonin exerts an inhibitory effect during normocalcemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852252
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unresponsiveness of exocrine rat pancreas to calcemic challenges (hypercalcemia, EDTA hypocalcemia or calcitonin administration) which influence stomach function (1974)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 162 (1974), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rat pancreas ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Calcitonin ; Rattenpankreas ; Hypercalciämie ; Hypocalciämie ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die stimulierte exokrine Pankreasfunktion der Ratte läßt sich durch akute Hypercalciämie, ÄDTA-Hypocalciämie oder Calcitoningabe nicht beeinflussen. Dieses Verhalten steht im Gegensatz zur Reaktion des Magens der Ratte auf Calciumreize.
    Notes: Summary In the rat, stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion is not influenced by acute hypercalcemia, EDTA hypocalcemia or calcitonin administration. This unresponsiveness is in contrast to the reaction of the rat stomach to calcemic challenges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851706
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with diabetic nephropathy show increased activation of the oxidative-stress sensitive transcription factor NF-kB (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 222-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Oxidative stress ; nephropathy ; transcription factor NF-kB ; thrombomodulin ; thioctic acid.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Increased oxidative stress and subsequent activation of the transcription factor NF-kB has been linked to the development of late diabetic complications. To determine whether oxidative stress dependent NF-kB activation is evident in patients with diabetic nephropathy we used an Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay based semiquantitative detection system which enabled us to determine NF-kB activation in ex vivo isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We examined 33 patients with diabetes mellitus (Type I and Type II). Patients with diabetic nephropathy showed higher NF-kB binding activity in Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays and stronger immunohistological staining for activated NF-kBp65 than patients without renal complications. NF-kB binding activity correlated with the degree of albuminuria (r = 0.316) and with thrombomodulin plasma concentrations (r = 0.33), indicative for albuminuria associated endothelial dysfunction. In a 3 day intervention study in which 600 mg of the antioxidant thioctic acid (α-lipoic acid) per day were given to nine patients with diabetic nephropathy oxidative stress in plasma samples was decreased by 48 % and NF-kB binding activity in ex vivo isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by 38 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051142
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of glucocorticoids on human osteoblastic cell metabolism in vitro (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Glucocorticoids ; Osteoblasts ; Bone ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Clinical observations suggest that the onset and severity of glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteoporosis is dependent on the duration of the GC treatment and the applied GC compound. To test whether these in vivo observations are reflected by different in vitro effects of various synthetic GCs on human bone cell metabolism we isolated human osteoblast-like cells (HOC) from bone biopsies of healthy (no clinical symptoms of arthritis or arthrosis) adults who underwent selective orthopedic surgery. HOC were identified as bone cells by 1,25-vitamin D3-stimulated increase of specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, secretion of osteocalcin and type-I procollagen peptide, and the ability to form mineral in vitro. We investigated the effects of dexamethasone (dexa), methylprednisolone (mpred), prednisolone (pred), and deflazacort (defla) on DNA-synthesis, ALP, and osteocalcin (OC)- and type-I procollagen peptide secretion of HOC in vitro. In summary, (1) GC exposure stimulates DNA synthesis after 6–12-hour treatment periods; (2) dex and mpred strongly inhibit DNA (48-hour treatment) and collagen synthesis but stimulate ALP, whereas pred and defla exhibit smaller effects on DNA synthesis, ALP, and collagen production; and (3) all tested glucocorticoids inhibit OC secretion by HOC in vitro. Thus, the effect of GC on DNA synthesis of HOC varies with the duration of GC exposure, and dex and mpred more potently affect HOC metabolism in vitro than pred and defla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298432
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