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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 956-959 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ta2O5 is a potential material for high dielectric constant insulators. The leakage current, however, should be reduced for application to 256 megabit dynamic random access memory. A state in the band gap induced by the oxygen vacancy is considered to lead to the leakage current. Ta2O5 was investigated theoretically in order to determine the effect of the oxygen vacancy. The calculated state originating from the oxygen vacancy is deeper than the experimentally obtained value. The strongly distorted local structure around the oxygen vacancy may give a shallow energy level, because the energy level of the vacancy state is shallower before structure optimization than after it. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 34 (1969), S. 3715-3716 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study examines the cumulative effects of sub-erythema application of squalene-monohydroperoxide (Sq-OOH), the initial products of UV-peroxidated squalene, to the skin of hairless mice. Sq-OOH was isolated by the methanol extraction and preparative HPLC method. Repeated topical application of 10mM Sq-OOH to hairless mice for 3 weeks induced definite skin roughness and crinkle formation. 3-D surface parameter analysis revealed changes in all roughness parameters (number of furrows and crests, distance between a furrows and next crest, and irregularity) of the group treated with more than 3 mM Sq-OOH compared to the control group. Theses skin surface changes were not induced by squalene, squalene-monohydroxide (Sq-OH) or organic hydroperxide such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene -hydroperoxide at 10mM. Similarly, such changes were not induced by primary irritants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and n-tetradecane under the same experimental conditions. Skin conductance decreased, following application of 10 mM Sq-OOH. Histological observation revealed that application of 10 mM Sq-OOH induced slight hyperkeratosis, moderate epidermal thickening and slight hyperplasia of sebaceous glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 16 (1995), S. 48-50 
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Cardiac tumor ; Hemangiopericytoma ; Infant ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A male infant with benign hemangiopericytoma of the right atrium is reported. His chief complaint was acute respiratory distress secondary to bloody pericardial effusion. Although the entire mass could not be removed surgically, there was no recurrence of cardiac tamponade or growth of the residual mass during a follow-up period of 3 years. This patient is, to our knowledge, the youngest one with primary cardiac hemangiopericytoma so far reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Immunological responses—Lung cancer—Nutritional status—Infection.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rate of infection in patients with malignant disease is significantly higher than in patients with benign disease. To investigate whether immunological competence is impaired in patients with lung cancer, we assessed neutrophil function (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, bacterial killing activity, and superoxide production), monocyte function (phagocytosis and killing activity), lymphocyte subsets using flow cytometry, and proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. Studies were performed on 22 untreated patients with lung cancer and 21 age-matched healthy volunteers. Nutritional status was assessed by Niederman's nutritional index. In patients with lung cancer neutrophil chemotaxis, monocyte phagocytosis and killing, proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, but not pokeweed mitogen, and the number of natural killer cells were significantly lower than in healthy volunteers, whereas γδ T cells were increased (p 〈 0.05). The mean score on Niederman's nutritional index was worse in patients than in healthy volunteers (p 〈 0.001). Our results suggest that the impaired immunological competence and undernutrition may be among the mechanisms causing increased susceptibility to infection in patients with lung cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 621-625 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasonically activated device — Thermal damage — Endoscopic surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. An experimental study was carried out to evaluate heat production by an ultrasonically activated device (USAD) using an animal model. In an anesthetized living pig, the gastroepiploic and mesenteric vessels were coagulated and cut by an USAD at a power level of 70% (n= 8) or 100% (n= 8). During the division, the time-discrete temperature change on the surface of the animal tissue adjacent to the blade was measured by thermography. To compare the USAD with conventional electrocautery (EC), a full-thickness incision of the gastric wall was performed by each device, and the temperature change was measured. With the USAD, the temperature increased gradually and remained below 150°C during the entire activating time at both power levels. By contrast, with EC at 30 W, the temperature increased rapidly and exceeded 350°C within only a few seconds. The area above 60°C reached a final width of 10 mm for the USAD, as compared with 22 mm for EC. Microscopically, thermal alterations such as carbonization and vaporization were much more severe and extensive in the adjacent tissue when using EC rather than the USAD. With the USAD, heat production is much slower and more limited than with conventional EC; thus, the USAD causes fewer thermal alterations in adjacent tissue. USAD should be preferred for tissue coagulation and cutting during endscopic surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 162 (1998), S. 233-245 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: glucose — mannitol — urea — protein kinase C — tyrosine kinase — hypertonicity-response elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from rat thoracic aortas were exposed to hyperosmotic media to determine the effects on Na, K-ATPase α1- and β1-mRNA expression. Hyperosmotic media (500 mOsm/kgH2O) supplemented with glucose or mannitol increased α1-mRNA levels threefold at 24 hr and β1-mRNA levels sevenfold at 12 hr. In sharp contrast, hyperosmotic urea medium had no effect at any time. Both the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and the RNA transcription inhibitor actinomycin D reduced α1- and β1-mRNA upregulation induced by hyperosmotic glucose or mannitol media. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (staurosporine A or calphostin C) or tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors (genistein or herbimycin A) had no effect on the α1-mRNA upregulation induced by hyperosmotic glucose or mannitol media. Hyperosmotic glucose or mannitol media (500 mOsm/kgH2O) significantly increased α1- and β1-subunit protein levels and Na, K-ATPase activity, whereas hyperosmotic urea medium had no effect. Transfection experiments with the 5′-flanking sequences of the α1- or β1-subunit genes linked to the luciferase reporter gene revealed that hyperosmolar glucose medium increased luciferase activity 2.9- and 3.7-fold, respectively. Similarly, hyperosmotic mannitol medium increased such activity 2.7- and 3.4-fold, respectively. These results demonstrate that: (i) hyperosmolality induced by the poorly permeating solutes (glucose and mannitol) stimulates α1- and β1-mRNA accumulation, α1- and β1-subunit protein accumulation, and Na, K-ATPase activity, whereas the rapidly permeating solute (urea) has no effect; (ii) the upregulation of α1- and β1-mRNA in response to hyperosmotic glucose or mannitol media requires, at least in part, de novo synthesis of intermediate regulatory proteins; (iii) the hyperosmolality-induced α1-mRNA upregulation occurs through PKC- and TK-independent mechanisms, whereas the hyperosmolality-induced β1-mRNA upregulation occurs through activation of PKC and TK; and (iv) hyperosmolality induced by glucose or mannitol increases promoter activities of the α1- and β1-subunit genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 340-342 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Hemostasis — Hemostatic dissection — Ultrasonic dissection — Ultrasonically activated device — Vessel occlusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: We developed a new ultrasonically activated device (USAD) for endoscopic surgery. The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the security of the arteries occluded and divided by this USAD. Methods: The intraperitoneal arteries of anesthetized living pigs were individually occluded by the USAD at power levels of 70% or 100%. The burst pressures of the harvested arteries were measured in vitro. For comparison, arteries occluded by laparoscopic clips or silk ligatures were evaluated in the same manner. Results: The pressures to burst the occluded artery ranged from 353 to 2,148 mmHg with an average of 1,204 mmHg in the USAD group at 70% power level; from 324 to 2,207 mmHg with an average of 1,193 mmHg in the USAD group at 100% power level; from 794 to 1,868 mmHg with an average of 1,421 mmHg in the clip group; and from 618 to 3,207 mmHg with an average of 1,586 mmHg in the silk ligature group. Conclusion: The data suggest the improbability that small- to medium-size arteries appropriately occluded and divided by the USAD can burst when exposed to intravascular pressures commonly found in living animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 9 (1966), S. 129-136 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Kartoffel und ihren verwandten Arten ist es sehr schwierig, die Chromosomenzahl eines Klones künstlich zu verdoppeln, obwohl dies für die Züchtungsarbeit notwendig sein kann. In der Tat betrug die Häufigkeit, mit der frühere Forscher polyploide Formen zustande brachten, höchstens 1%. Es wurde daher ein Versuch angestellt, um in je einem dihaploiden Klon der bekannten KartoffelsortenKatahdin undChippewa die Chromosomenzahl zu verdoppeln, indem die Knollen nach den folgenden drei Methoden (Abb. 1) mit Colchizin (Konzentration 0.2%) behandelt wurden: (1)Lanolin-Methode: auf die Augen der Knollen wurde einmal genügend Lanolinsalbe aufgetragen, um die jungen Triebe zu bedecken. (2)Tauchmethode: die Knollen wurden sorgfältig auf Glasflaschen, die mit einer wässerigen Colchizin-Lösung gefüllt waren, gelegt, so dass nur die Keime während 3, 5 und 7 Tagen eingetaucht waren. (3)Tropfmethode: kleine, saugfähige Wattebäusche wurden auf die ausgekeimten Augen gelegt und einmal pro Tag während 3, 5, 7 und 9 Tagen aus einer Pipette mit der wässerigen Colchizin-Lösung beträufelt. Die Keime der zwei tiefsten Augen wurden behandelt wenn sie 1–2 mm lang waren, die übrigen Keime wurden sorgfältig ausgeschnitten. Während und nach der Behandlung wurden die Knollen in einem Raum bei einer kontrollierten Temperatur von 22 C aufbewahrt. Tabelle 2 zeigt, dass die beiden zuletzt erwähnten Methoden ziemlich erfolgreich waren. Die besten Resultate wurden mit der während 5 Tagen angewendeten Tropfmethode erzielt, indem in ungefähr 14% der so behandelten Knollen eine Chromosomenverdopplung ausgelöst wurde. Einige morphologische Merkmale der Pflanzen mit verdoppeltem Chromosomensatz sind in Tabelle 1 und in Abb. 2, 3 und 4 dargestellt. Von diesen Pflanzen waren einige tetraploid, aber andere waren oktoploid oder mixoploid, d.h. aus verdoppelten und nicht verdoppelten Zellen zusammengesetzt.
    Abstract: Résumé Il est très difficile chez la Pomme de terre et ses parents de doubler artificiellement le nombre chromosomique d'un clone, alors que la chose est néccssaire dans le travail d'amélioration. En fait, la fréquence de polyploïdes induits obtenue antérieurement par les chercheurs est au plus de 1%. C'est pourquoi un essai a été fait d'induire le doublement chromosomique dans un clone dihaploïde de chacune des variétés communes de Pomme de terreKatahdin etChippewa par traitement des tubercules avec la colchicine à une concentration de 0,2% d'après les trois méthodes suivantes (Fig. 1): (1)Méthode à la lanoline: les yeux des tubercules sont induits en une fois avec suffisamment de pâte à la lanoline pour couvrir les jeunes germes. (2)Méthode par trempage: les tubercules sont placés avec soin sur des bouteilles de verre remplies avec une solution aqueuse de colchicine de telle sorte que les germes seuls soien imbibés pendant 3, 5 et 7 jours. (3)Méthode des gouttes: de petites pièces de laine-coton absorbant sont placées sur les yeux en germination et la solution de colchicine est versée par gouttes sur celles-ci au moyen d'une pipette, une fois par jour pendant 3, 5, 7 et 9 jours. Les germes se développant à partir de deux des yeux les plus profonds sont traités quand ils ont 1–2 mm de longueur et le restant est excisé avec soin. Les tubercules sont conservés dans une chambre à température contrôlée à 22 C pendant et après le traitement. Le Tableau 2 montre que les deux dernières méthodes sont tout-à-fait efficaces. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus par la méthode des gouttes appliquée pendant 5 jours, le doublement chromosomique atteignant alors quelque 14%. Le Tableau 1 et les Fig. 2, 3 et 4 montrent quelques aspects morphologiques des plantes doublées. Plusieurs de ces plantes sont tétraploïdes mais d'autres sont octoploïdes ou mixoploïdes composées de cellules doublées et non doublées.
    Notes: Summary Chromosome doubling was induced in one dihaploid clone of each of the potato varietiesKatahdin andChippewa by treating young sprouts with 0.2% colchicine. The highest proportion of doubled plants (about 14%) was obtained by dropping an aqueous solution once a day for 5 days on cotton wool pads placed over sprouted eyes. Other durations of treatment were less successful as were various durations of a soaking procedure. A lanolin paste treatment was unsuccessful.
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