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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1997), S. 714-718 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Oximes ; Sarin ; Soman ; Tabun ; Direct reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The direct reaction of seven pyridinium oximes with the nerve agents sarin, soman, and tabun was followed by a spectrophotometric method. The half-lives (t 1/2) of the oximes, the first- and second-order rate constants (k 1, k 2), and the maximal reaction velocity ( $\roundv $ max) were calculated according to changes in the absorbance of the zwitterion (betaine) peak. In all cases the reaction velocity of the nerve agents with any of the oximes was highest with tabun, followed by sarin and then soman. Comparing the reaction rates of three therapeutically used oximes with the same nerve agent, the highest rate was obtained for soman with obidoxime, for sarin with 2-PAM, and for tabun with HI 6. The maximal reaction velocities reveal that the detoxification of the nerve agents by direct reaction with oximes and the subsequent decomposition of the phosphonyl oxime in vivo do not substantially contribute to the therapeutic effect of these antidotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Depression ; Brainstem midline ; changes ; Transcranial sonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies using transcranial sonography (TCS) have provided evidence of alterations in the mesencephalic midline structures in patients with unipolar depression and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting an involvement of the basal limbic system in primary and secondary mood disorders. This study tested the hypothesis of brainstem midline abnormality in depression and investigated 31 PD patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and TCS. Signal intensity of the pontine and mesencephalic brainstem midline was rated on T2-weighted images and measured by relaxometry. In addition, two blinded investigators assessed the echogenicity of the brainstem midline by TCS. The severity of motor symptoms and depression were graded independently using standard research scales. Rating of signal intensity and T2 relaxometry of the pontomesencephalic midline structures revealed significant difference between depressed and nondepressed PD patients (P 〈 0.05). This corresponded to a significant reduction in mesencephalic midline echogenicity of depressed PD patients on TCS images. No correlation was found between raphe signal intensity, T2 relaxation times, or TCS echogenicity and the severity of motor symptoms or depression. This study is the first to show changes in signal intensity and T2 relaxation time of the pontomesencephalic midline structures on MRI in depressed PD patients confirming previous TCS findings. As these midline structures comprise fiber tracts and nuclei of the basal limbic system, the findings may support the hypothesis of an alteration in the basal limbic system in mood disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 33 (1963), S. 313-322 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 35 (1962), S. 47-48 
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 184 (1995), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Plasma membrane ; NADH-cytochromeb 5 reductase ; NADH-ferricyanide reductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An NADH-cytochromeb 5 reductase was purified from rat liver plasma membranes. Rat liver plasma membranes were prepared by aqueous two-phase partition. Peripheral proteins were removed by EDTA extraction and integral membrane proteins were solubilized with Triton X-100. The NADH-cytochromeb 5 reductase was purified by hydroxyapatite, anion exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. The purified preparation was homogeneous and estimated to have an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two tryptic peptides of the purified enzyme had sequence homologies with rat, human, and bovine NADH-cytochromeb 5 reductases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Liver cell hypoxia ; Nitroimidazole imaging ; Fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fluorine-18 labelled fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) has been shown to accumulate in hypoxic tissue in inverse proportion to tissue oxygenation. In order to evaluate the potential of [18F]FMISO as a possible positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging of liver tissue hypoxia, we measured the [18F]FMISO uptake in 13 domestic pigs using dynamic PET scanning. Hypoxia was induced by segmental arterial hepatic occlusion. During the experimental procedure the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was set to 0.67 in group A (n=6) and to 0.21 in group B (n=7) animals. Before and after arterial occlusion, the partial pressure of O2 in tissue (TPO2) and the arterial blood flow were determined in normal flow and flow-impaired liver segments. Standardised uptake values [SUV=kBq tissue (in g) / body weight (in kg) × injected dose (in kBq)] for [18F]FMISO were calculated from PET images obtained 3 hours after injection of about 10 MBq/kg body weight [18F]FMISO. Immediately before PET scanning, the mean arterial blood flow was significantly decreased in arterially occluded segments [group A: 0.41 (0.32–0.52); group B: 0.24 (0.16–0.33) ml min–1 g–1] compared with normal flow segments [group A: 1.05 (0.76–1.46); group B: 1.14 (0.83–1.57) ml min–1 g–1; geometric mean (95% confidence limits); P〈0.001 for both groups]. After PET scanning, the TPO2 of occluded segments (group A: 5.1 (4.1–6.4); group B: 3.5 (2.6–4.9) mmHg] was significantly decreased compared with normal flow segments [group A: 26.4 (21.2–33.0); group B: 18.2 (13.3–25.1) mmHg; P〈0.001 for both groups]. During the 3-h PET scan, the mean [18F]FMISO SUV determined in occluded segments increased significantly to 3.84 (3.12–4.72) in group A and 5.7 (4.71–6.9) in group B, while the SUV remained unchanged in corresponding normal liver tissue [group A: 1.4 (1.14–1.71); group B: 1.31 (1.09–1.57); P〈0.001 for both groups]. Regardless of ventilation conditions, a significant inverse exponential relationship was found between the TPO2 and the [18F]FMISO SUV (r 2=0.88, P〈0.001). Our results suggest that because tracer delivery to hypoxic tissues was maintained by the portal circulation, the [18F]FMISO accumulation in the liver was found to be directly related to the severity of tissue hypoxia. Thus, [18F]FMISO PET allows in vivo quantification of pig liver hypoxia using simple SUV analysis as long as tracer delivery is not critically reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Fluorine-18 ; Bone graft viability ; Hip revision arthroplasty ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The biological fate of allogenic bone grafts in the acetabular cavity and their metabolic activity after acetabular augmentation is uncertain but is most important for the stability of hip implants after hip revision arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to quantify regional bone metabolism after hip replacement operations. Dynamic [18F]fluoride ion positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the metabolic activity of acetabular allogenic bone grafts and genuine bone, either 3–6 weeks (short-term group, n = 9) or 5 months to 9 years (long-term group, n = 10) after hip revision arthroplasty. Applying a three-compartment model, the fluoride influx constant was calculated from individually fitted rate constants (K nlf) and by Patlak graphical analysis (K pat). The results were compared with genuine cancellous and cortical acetabular bone of contralateral hips without surgical trauma (n = 7). In genuine cortical bone, K nlf was significantly increased in short- (+140.9%) and long-term (+100.0%) groups compared with contralateral hips. Allogenic bone grafts were characterised by a significantly increased K nlf in the short-term group (+190.9%) compared with contralateral hips, but decreased almost to the baseline levels of contralateral hips (+45.5%) in the long-term. Values of K nlf cor-related with the rate constant K 1 in genuine (r = 0.89, P〈0.001) and allogenic bone regions (r = 0.79, P〈0.001), indicating a coupling between bone blood flow and bone metabolism in genuine bone as well as allogenic bone grafts. K pat values were highly correlated with K nlf measurements in all regions. In conclusion, [18F]fluoride ion PET revealed the presence of an increased host bone formation in allogenic bone grafts early after hip revision arthroplasty. In contrast to genuine cortical bone, allogenic bone graft metabolism decreased over time, possibly due to a reduced ability to respond to the same extent as genuine bone to elevated metabolic demands after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 53 (1995), S. 220-220 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Subject Surface roughness of tangential microtome-cut Douglas-fir was measured in early and late wood, in sapwood and heartwood. Its relationship to several wood properties and to the roughness of veneers of the same material was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The main subject of this project was the analysis of a non-destructive method for the evaluation of the quality of tool handles from industrial production, especially of handles with dynamic impact load (hammer and axe handles). For this purpose, the statistical relationships between relevant mechanical properties (impact bending load) and non-destructive parameters (vibration frequency, density and ring width) were analysed under respect of with different ring orientations. For non-destructive evaluation of strength properties GRINDO-SONIG was used. The results show that the applied measuring instrument allows a very fast and easy determination of the vibration frequency of the non-prismatic timber handles. The combined consideration of the vibration frequency and of the density in a multiple regression model shows an acceptable level of determination of the strength properties (around 60%). That could allow a sufficient accurate quality classification of the products in the industry, either as complement or as complete substitution of the normally used visual classification. Additionally, an accurate prediction of the final handle properties on the prismatic beams, from which the handles will be shaped, could be demonstrated, in order to minimize the production costs. The exact determination of a quantitative parameter (combination of vibration frequency and density) instead of the subjective visual classification increases the possibilities of application of a cost-effective „machine-control-system”: all produced handles could be evaluated, more quality classes could be identified and the obtained quantitative value could be used for a certificate of quality control.
    Notes: Neben der potentiellen ökonomischen Vorteilhaftigkeit einer differenzierten, zerstörungsfreien Festigkeitssortierung angesichts einer großen Variationsbreite der Schlagzähigkeit der geprüften Eschenholzstiele, konnte die grundsätzliche Eignung der Eigenfrequenz und der Rohdichte als zerstörungsfrei ermittelbare Prädiktoren der Schlagzähigkeit sowohl bei Hammer- als auch bei Axtstielen nachgewiesen werden. Allein durch diese beiden Einflußgrößen konnten ca. 60% der Festigkeitsstreuungen statistisch signifikant erklärt werden. Zusätzlich könnte eine Ausschußkontrolle bereits in der Produktionsstufe „Rohling” erfolgen und damit Produktionskosten vermieden werden. Aufgrund der einfachen und schnellen Ermittlung der Hauptprädiktoren erscheint eine vollständige Stückkontrolle im Rahmen eines kostengünstigen „machine-control-system” möglich. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht jedoch hinsichtlich verschiedener Abmessungs -und Festigkeitsklassen sowie der technischen Organisation und Einbindung des Verfahrens in den Produktionsprozeß. In der Stielindustrie als Hauptverwender schwacher bis mittlerer Eschen-Stammholz sortimente können zukünftig dynamisch beanspruchte Werkzeugstiele einer einfachen, schnellen, treffsicheren und zerstörungsfreien Festigkeitsortierung unterzogen werden, mit der eine erhöhte wirtschaftliche Ausnutzung (Produktoptimierung) und vermehrte Akzeptanz des traditionellen Stielmaterials Holz durch Qualitätssicherung realisiert werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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