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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: An experimental model for the preclinical evaluation of contrast enhancement patterns in melanoma was developed.Methods: Melanotic and amelanotic tumor cells B16F1 and B16a implanted into murine skin were depicted with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a pixel size of 78×78 urn and 1 mm slice thickness. Tumor signal intensities were evaluated in user defined ROIs (regions of interest). Signal intensity changes were determined from signal intensity-time curves. Percent enhancement, slope of the signal intensity curve and percent signal intensity increase were also determined. Percent enhancement was calculated: (SIenhanced-SIpiain)/SIplain× 100 [SI=signal intensity]. The slope of the signal intensity curve was calculated: (SImax-SIplain)/(SIplain× SImax) × 100 (%/min). Percent signal intensity increase was calculated: (SImax-SIplai)/SIplain× 100.Results: Following i.v. administration of Gd-DTPA and G-DTPA-polylysine, all tumors showed pronounced contrast enhancement. Contrast enhancement and the slope of signal intensity to time curves did not distinguish melanotic from amelanotic melanomas (P〉0.05).Conclusions: The animal model presented is well suited for evaluation of contrast enhancement in melanoma by MRI. Contrast enhancement of melanoma in MRI is comparable with the enhancement seen in other tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Forest pathology 29 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0329
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The aim of this study was to assess the losses in productivity of Norway spruce (Picea abies) due to the attack by Chrysomyxa rhododendri, a rust that only penetrates new developing flushes. Three-year-old seedlings were artificially infected once or twice in two consecutive years and the dry mass was determined at the end of the growing season. Dry mass accumulation of all parts including roots was significantly reduced if more than about one-third of the young foliage was infected. Shoot and root dry mass of once severely infected seedlings were 32 and 48% less than that of controls. This deficit could not be compensated during a following rust-free year. When seedlings were infected in two consecutive years, dry mass accumulation was reduced by 58% compared with controls. Results indicate that rejuvenation of and afforestation with Norway spruce can seriously be impaired by Chrysomyxa at the alpine timberline where Rhododendron sp. (the telial host of the parasite) is widespread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We evaluated intermittent and continuous thermodilution cardiac output data in 12 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Measurements were performed at 16 predefined time points between induction of anaesthesia and 3 h after reperfusion of the liver graft. Cardiac output measurements yielded 192 data pairs (intermittent cardiac output range: 1.8–18.9 l.min−1, continuous cardiac output range: 3.3–20.0 l.min−1). During most of the procedure the correlation between intermittent and continuous cardiac output measurements was significant (r = 0.87, p 〈 0.0001), accompanied with a bias of −0.240 l.min−1 and a degree of precision of 1.789 l.min−1 (〈 10.0 l.min−1: 1.137 l.min−1, ≥10.0 l.min−1: 2.220 l.min−1). However, in the early phases after caval clamping and after reperfusion, accuracy was not acceptable. Only during these phases did the difference between the mean values of pulmonary artery blood temperature and rectal temperature increase (after caval clamping) or decrease (after reperfusion). In conclusion, despite acceptable levels of accuracy and precision between intermittent and continuous cardiac output measurement under stable conditions, both methods showed markedly decreased accuracy and precision in the early phases after caval clamping and after reperfusion, possibly owing to increased thermal noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Cytopathology 9 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: trovik c. s., bauer h. c. f., brosjö o., skoog l. and söderlund v. (1998) Cytopathology9, 320–328Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the diagnosis of recurrent soft tissue sarcomaWe have used FNA cytology to diagnose suspected local recurrences of soft tissue sarcoma. Since 1991, a total of 95 FNA cytologies were performed on 86 patients. There were 47 local recurrences, of which 44 were diagnosed correctly by FNA cytology; one biopsy was inconclusive, and two lesions were incorrectly assessed as benign. Thirty-nine patients proved to have benign lesions in the scar area examined cytologically on 50 occasions. None of the specimens was regarded as malignant, but in four cases FNA cytology was inconclusive. Overall, there were 5% inconclusive cytological biopsies, 0% falsely malignant and 5% falsely benign. The inconclusive and false-negative cytological diagnoses had no important clinical consequences. FNA biopsy provides a simple means of diagnosing local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 306-306 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - One long-standing question in developmental neuroscience is whether the functional architecture of the visual cortex is epigenetically induced by activity-dependent mechanisms or whether it is prespecified by genetic instructions1'2. It is widely assumed that dependence on experience and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 17 (1997), S. 79-82 
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Hyperparathyroidism ; Renal osteodystrophy ; Psoriatic arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy and psoriatic arthritis. The coexistence of findings of hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy has been described and there are also reports of patients suffering from renal arthropathy mimicking hyperparathyroidism. To our knowledge, there is no description to date of a case displaying findings of the co-occurrence of these conditions in a patient. We would like to emphasize that attention should be paid to the possible diagnosis of a coexisting inflammatory rheumatic disease when rheumatological symptoms of recent onset occur in patients with long-standing renal osteodystrophy and/or symptoms mimicking hyperparathyroidism occur in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 1292-1299 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Surgery and publicity ; Public relations ; Competence in communication. ; Schlüsselwörter: Chirurgie und Öffentlichkeit ; Information und Transparenz ; Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ; Kommunikationskompetenz.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Chirurgie und Öffentlichkeit stellen, je nach Sichtweise und in unterschiedlicher Bedeutung, ein hochvernetztes Interaktionsgeflecht dar. In der medialen Darstellung dominiert zunehmend die Unterhaltung über die Information (Infotainment) sowie eine Skandalisierung der Ereignisse mit überwiegend negativer Berichterstattung. Informationsdefizite bei mangelnder Transparenz tragen dazu wesentlich bei, was auch für den Wissenschafts- und Wissenstranfer in die Bevölkerung gilt. Die Ökonomiefalle mit zunehmender Verknappung der Finanzen bei ständiger Ausweitung des Angebotes erfordert ebenfalls eine verstärkte Artikulation der Chirurgen in der Öffentlichkeit. Ein heute festzustellender Paradigmenwechsel stuft den Arzt zum Leistungserbringer herab und reduziert das Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis auf das Aufeinandertreffen der Begehrlichkeit von Patienten auf die der Leistungserbringer. Wir stehen somit in einer ständigen Auseinandersetzung mit der Macht der Medien und sind gefordert, Defizite in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit abzubauen. Das Bild der Chirurgie in der Öffentlichkeit wird heute geprägt von Leistung und Kommunikationskompetenz.
    Notes: Summary. Surgery and surgeons have a direct relationship to publicity. In the media, the entertainment aspect prevails over information (infotainment), and scandal also dominates because of negative reports. The cause in many cases is a lack of information, which is always a problem when transmitting scientific information to the public. Economic pressures and diminished resources as well as a simultaneous increase in the demands made on medicine make it mandatory that surgeons communicate properly. They are being degraded more and more to “delivering” medicine, and the relationship between the surgeon and his patient has been reduced to a collision of greediness on both sides. We are in continuous conflict with the power of the media and are being challenged to improve our public relations. The public image of surgery today is determined by surgical performance and competence in communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Trauma • Preclinical care • Emergency medicine ; Schlüsselwörter Qualitätskontrolle • Präklinische Fehleranalyse • Notfallmedizin • Polytrauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren wurde zunehmend auch in der präklinischen Versorgung eine Qualitätsanalyse gefordert. Um die Qualität zu definieren und diese im Sinne der Qualitätssicherung kontrollieren, müssen Zielgrößen in Form von Standards festgeschrieben werden. Diese sind bereits unter Mitarbeit verschiedener deutscher Organisationen zusammengestellt worden, welches zu der Einführung eines bundeseinheitliches Notarztprotokolls geführt hat. Eine eigentliche Qualitätskontrolle dieser seit 1992 prospektiv dokumentierten Daten existiert jedoch nicht. Wir führten eine Auswertung aller polytraumatisierter Patientendaten durch, die mit einer definierten Verletzungsschwere primär oder sekundär in unsere Klinik eingeliefert wurden. Die Fehleranalyse beinhaltet wichtige Aspekte der präklinischen Diagnostik und Behandlung (Triage, Indikationsstellung und Ausführung von präklinischen Maßnahmen). Es zeigte sich, daß 28 % der Patienten, die aufgrund der Gesamtverletzungsschwere oder einer schwersten Einzelverletzung unmittelbar an ein Traumazentrum hätten transferriert werden müssen (Triage), primär in ein Krankenhaus der Regelversorgung eingeliefert wurden. Bei 7 % der Patienten ließ sich zwei und bei 4 % mehr als zwei Triagefehler nachweisen. Andererseits gab es Fälle, in denen trotz erkannter nur geringer Verletzungsschwere eine Intubation oder gar das Legen einer Thoraxdrainage erfolgte. Die präklinische Intubation und Beatmung wurde in 16,5 % der Fälle trotz klarer Indikation nicht durchgeführt. Eine Thoraxdrainage wurde trotz schwerem Thoraxtrauma (PTSThorax≥ 12/oder AISThorax≥ 4) und initialer Intubation und Beatmung bei 38 % nicht durchgeführt. Eine suffiziente Infusionstherapie (〉 2500 ml effektiver Volumenersatz) war in 17 % der Fälle nicht erfolgt. Andererseits häufen sich Fälle in denen die Verletzungsschwere anscheinend überschätzt wurde und invasive Maßnahmen ergriffen wurden, die nach den vorhandenen Standards nicht indiziert gewesen wären. Diesen Ergebnissen zur Folge ist vorallem die Beurteilung der Verletzungsschwere am Unfallort häufig ein großes Problem, da hier der höchste Anteil vermeidbarer Fehler zu beobachten war. Ebenso wurde die Schwere des Thoraxtraumas vielfach falsch eingeschätzt und entsprechend nicht die erforderlichen Maßnahmen durchgeführt. Dies bedeutet, daß obwohl die Qualifikation des Notarztes nunmehr gesetzlich geregelt ist und Richtlinien für die Ausbildung erarbeitet sind, noch erhebliche Defizite in der Erkennung und Behandlung von Verletzungsfolgen bestehen. Einer Gefährdung des Unfallpatienten durch den Notarzt, der falsche Maßnahmen (im Sinne von zuviel oder zu wenig) ergreift, muß entgegengesteuert werden.
    Notes: Summary Quality control in preclinical medical care has become a matter of concern in recent years. In order to evaluate the quality of treatment one has to set standards. Most of the current standards were defined by different preclinical care organisations and are also accepted in the unique emergency medical care protocol used in the Federal Republic of Germany. Considering these standards, we retrospectively analyzed the preclinical treatment of all multiple trauma patients admitted to our department between 1985 and 1996. The major issues of this analysis were the diagnoses, the indications for invasive measures and the performance. Regarding the triage, for example, it was noted that 28 % of patients who should have been admitted to a level I trauma center considering the severity of their injury were first admitted to a level III hospital and needed to be transferred later. In 7 % of patients two additional mistakes and in 4 % of patients more than two mistakes in the triage were noted. On the other hand, there are records of patients who were considered to be only slightly injured but received invasive treatment. Preclinical intubation and mechanical ventilation was not performed in 16.5 % although the severity of injury clearly demanded it. A thoracic drain tube was not positioned in 38 % of patients suffering from severe thoracic trauma (AISThorax≥ 4). Insufficient application of resuscitation volume (〈 2500 ml on admission) was evident in 17 % of all documented patients. According to our results, the initial evaluation of severity of injury is still a major problem and leads to wrong decisions for treatment. Although the qualification of ambulance physicians has been standardized for some years, there are still clear deficits in the preclinical management of trauma patients that need to be targeted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 63 (1998), S. 339-348 
    ISSN: 1434-0860
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wird die freie Flüssigkeitsoberfläche in einem Rechteckbehälter einem Temperaturgradienten unterworfen, so ergibt sich aufgrund der temperaturabhängigen Oberflächenspannung eine thermokapillare Konvektion. Diese wird von der Schubspannung auf der Oberfläche durch die Viskosität der Flüssigkeit in das Innere des Behälters übertragen. Für konstante Temperaturen T 1 und T 2 der Seitenwände entsteht eine stationäre Marangonikonvektionsströmung in der Flüssigkeit. Sind die Temperaturen zeitlich oszillierend, so ergeben sich auf der freien Flüssigkeitsoberfläche Oberflächenwellen, deren Vergrößerungsfunktionen bestimmt werden. Dabei wird auch der Einfluß der Prandtl-Zahl angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract If the free liquid-gas interface of a liquid in a rectangular container is subjected to a temperature gradient the shear stress on the free liquid surface being temperature dependent transmits by viscous traction a thermo-capillary convection into the bulk of the liquid. For constant temperature T 1 at one wall and T 2 at the other a steady Marangoni convection takes place while for time-oscillatory temperatures of the walls a time-dependent thermo-capillary convection appears, which will create wave patterns on the free liquid surface. They shall, depending on the forcing frequency of the temperature, exhibit resonance peaks. The velocity distribution, the response magnitude inside the container, the forced free surface displacement and the influence of the Prandtl number have been investigated.
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