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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1766-1768 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline silicon aggregates imbedded in a predominantly amorphous silicon layer have been observed in anodically etched p-Si(100) by using valence band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and lattice imaged high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). XTEM has identified the as-prepared porous silicon to be a mixed phase of amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon, with the nanocrystalline aggregates being randomly dispersed throughout the full thickness of a 1 μm thick amorphous layer and exhibiting a size distribution from 2 to 5 nm in diameter. The abundance of the nanocrystalline aggregates seems to decrease as the anodic etching proceeds and as the sample is irradiated by x rays at room temperature in ultrahigh vacuum. Valence band photoelectron measurements show evidence for a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition induced by x radiation which may, in part, be activated by photoelectron stimulated hydrogen desorption. The x-ray irradiated samples also exhibit a significant reduction in photoluminescence yield, possibly caused by a reduction in the density of nanocrystallites. The observed mixed phase porous silicon and the metastability of the nanocrystallites help to explain apparent contradictory descriptions of the nature of porous silicon. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,2,4-Triazolines ; (Diaminomethylene)hydrazones ; X-Ray analysis ; NMR-spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Umsetzung von aromatischen Aldehyde-diaminomethylene-hydrazonen1 mit heißem Essigsäureanhydrid oder Benzoylchloride liefert 1,4-Diacyl-3-acylamino-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole2. Im Gegensatz dazu erhält man aus 4-Pyridinaldehyd-diaminomethylenhydrazon (li) unter den gleichen Reaktionsbedingungen einen neuen O,N-Acetaltyp mit einer 1,2,4-Triazoleinheit. Die Struktur sämtlicher neuer Produkte wurde durch spektroskopische Daten (1H- und13C-NMR, MS, IR) unterstützt; einige repräsentative Vertreter wurden zusätzlich mittles Röntgenstrukturanalyse untersucht.
    Notes: Summary Treatment of aromatic carbaldehyde (diaminomethylene)hydrazones1 with hot acetic anhydride or benzoyl chloride affords 1,4-diacyl-3-acylamino-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazoles2. In contrast, a new type of 0,N-acetal with an 1,2,4-triazole substructure (3) is obtained from 4-pyridine-carbaldehyde (diaminomethylene)hydrazone (li) by using a similar reaction procedure. The structures of all novel compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic data (1H and13C NMR, MS, IR); some representative compounds were also studied by X-ray analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 67 (1996), S. 807-813 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Inguinal hernia ; Laparoscopic hernioplasty ; Topographic anatomy ; Schlüsselwörter: Leistenhernie ; laparoskopische Hernioplastik ; topographische Anatomie ; Leiste
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In der Diskussion über Sinn und Unsinn einer laparoskopischen Leistenbruchversorgung wird immer wieder die Gefährdung wichtiger anatomischer Strukturen durch den extraperitonealen oder transabdominellen präperitonealen Zugang angeführt. Anhand von eigenen anatomischen Präparationen an acht Leichen des Anatomischen Institutes der Universität Ulm wird auf die topographische Anatomie der Leistenregion und seiner wichtigen Strukturen hingewiesen. Unsere Erkenntnisse werden zu einer Metaanalyse der bisher publizierten Komplikationen dieser neuen Technik der Leistenbruchversorgung in Bezug gesetzt. Unter genügender Berücksichtigung der topographischen Anatomie kann die Komplikationsrate der laparoskopischen Leistenbruchversorgung weiter deutlich gesenkt werden.
    Notes: Summary. Accidental injury of important anatomic structures is a factor frequently mentioned in the discussion of the sense of laparoscopic hernia repair via the transabdominal or extraperitoneal approach. We describe the topographic anatomy of the inguinal region and point out important structures in this area as found in our anatomic preparations of eight specimens at the Department of Anatomy of the University of Ulm. These observations are correlated with a meta-analysis of published data on complications of this new technique for inguinal hernia repair. It is concluded that complications of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair can be avoided if the topographic anatomy of the inguinal region is sufficiently taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Postoperative analgesia ; Dipyrone ; Buprenorphine ; Endoscopic abdominal surgery ; PCA. ; Schlüsselwörter: Postoperative Analgesie ; Metamizol ; Buprenorphin ; endoskopische abdominelle Operationen ; PCA.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die minimal-invasive Chirurgie besitzt gegenüber den klassischen Operationstechniken zahlreiche Vorteile, wobei besonders die schnellere Mobilisation und frühere Entlassung des Patienten hervorzuheben sind. Um diese Vorteile voll nutzen zu können, ist es wünschenswert, ein effektives Schema für die postoperative Analgesie zur Verfügung zu haben, welches bei Bedarf bis in die poststationäre Phase weitergeführt werden kann. In einer randomisierten prospektiven Doppelblindstudie wurde bei 40 Patienten nach endoskopischen abdominellen Operationen (hauptsächlich endoskopischen Cholecystektomien) die analgetische Wirksamkeit einer perioperativen Metamizolgabe untersucht. Die Patienten erhielten vor Einleitung einer standardisierten Allgemeinanaesthesie entweder 1 g Metamizol in 100 ml NaCl 0,9 % oder Placebo (100 ml NaCl 0,9 %) intravenös als Kurzinfusion. Diese Infusionen wurden nach 6 und 12 Std wiederholt. Postoperativ erhielten alle Patienten ein PCA-Gerät, mit dem sie sich Buprenorphinboli (30 μg, Sperrzeit 5 min im Aufwachraum, 30 min auf Station) intravenös anfordern konnten. Es wurden während der ersten 6 Std stündlich und abschließend nach 24 Std der Buprenorphinverbrauch, der Schmerzscore (0–10), Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck und Nebenwirkungen erhoben. Die Patienten der Verumgruppe gaben direkt postoperativ signifikant weniger Schmerzen an, als die Patienten der Placebogruppe. Die Buprenorphineinsparung nach 24 Std betrug in der Verumgruppe im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe 67 % (90 vs. 270 μg).
    Notes: Summary. In comparison to conventional operating technique endoscopic surgery reveals numerous advantages, particular rapid mobilisation and earlier discharge from observation. For a effective utilization of these advantages, it is desirable to have a efficient postoperative analgesic scheme, wich can be continued into the period after discharge from hospital. In a randomised, prospective double-blind study we investigated the analgesic efficacy of dipyrone in 40 patients, scheduled for endoscopic abdominal surgery (mainly endoscopic cholecystectomy). Patients received before induction of anesthesia either dipyrone (1 g/100 ml NaCl i. v.) or placebo (100 ml NaCl i. v.). These infusions were repeated 6 h and 12 h after first application. After surgery all patients were allowed to self-administer buprenorphine intravenously from a PCA-pump (Bolus 30 μg, lockout 5 min in the recovery room, 30 min on the ward). Every hour for the first 6 h and after 24 h, cumulated doses of buprenorphine, pain scores (0–10), pulse, blood pressure and side effects were recorded. Dipyrone-treated patients had significantly less pain immediately after surgery and used a significantly lower cumulated dose of buprenorphine (–67 %; 90 μg vs. 270 μg buprenorphine) in the first 24 h after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Pylorus-preserving partial duodenopancreatectomy ; Ductal pancreatic carcinoma ; Morbidity ; Prognosis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Pyloruserhaltende partielle Duodenopankreatektomie ; duktales Pankreascarcinom ; Prognose ; Morbidität.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Anhand einer Studie mit prospektiv erhobenen Daten wurde die Wertigkeit der pyloruserhaltenden partiellen Duodenopankreatektomie (PPPD) im Vergleich zur partiellen Duodenopankreatektomie nach Whipple (PD) bei Patienten mit einem duktalen Pankreascarcinom bzgl. postoperativer Morbidität, Letalität und Prognose verglichen. Von Mai 1990 bis April 1995 gingen 130 Patienten in die Studie ein, wobei 61 eine PD bzw. 69 Patienten eine PPPD erhielten. Alle Patienten wurden in 6monatigen Abständen im Rahmen der Tumornachsorge nachuntersucht. Das mediane Nachuntersuchungsintervall lag bei den Patienten bei 36 Monaten; die Überlebenskurven wurden nach Kaplan-Meier errechnet. Es zeigte sich, daß die PPPD bei Patienten mit duktalem Pankreaskopfcarcinom ohne Infiltration des Duodenums die technisch einfachere, blutsparendere, schnellere Operationsmethode ist, die zu keinen erhöhten perioperativen Komplikationen führt. Magenentleerungsstörungen waren allenfalls temporär und unterschieden sich nicht signifikant von der Standardoperation nach Whipple (PD). Die mediane Überlebenszeit der Patienten in der PD-Gruppe lag in bezug auf alle Stadien bei 10,8 Monaten, in der PPPD-Gruppe bei 21 Monaten. Dieser an sich signifikante Unterschied erklärt sich jedoch aus der etwas unterschiedlichen Verteilung der UICC-Stadien in beiden Behandlungsgruppen. Betrachtet man das häufigste Stadium (UICC-Stadium III), so konnte kein Unterschied in den medianen Überlebenszeiten zwischen den Gruppen festgestellt werden: Sie liegen bei 10,1 bzw. 11,2 Monaten. Die PPPD stellt somit eine radikale Operationsmethode dar, die die Prognose der Erkrankung nicht verschlechtert.
    Notes: Summary. In a study compiling the data in a prospective manner, the value of the pylorus-preserving duodenopancreatectomy (PPPD) compared to partial duodenopancreatectomy (PD) in patients suffering from ductal pancreatic carcinoma was assessed. Postoperative morbidity, mortality and overall prognosis were analysed. From May 1990 to April 1995 130 patients entered the study; 61 underwent PD, 69 patients had PPPD. The patients were regularly followed up every 6 months and the median follow-up period for all patients was 36 months. PPPD in patients with ductal pancreatic head carcinoma without infiltration of the duodenum is the technically simpler and faster operation method with significantly less blood loss. Moreover, PPPD did not lead to increased postoperative complications. The median survival rate of patients in the PD group was 10.8 months, in the PPPD group 21 months. This significant difference derives from the fact that the tumor stages were unevenly distributed. Regarding the most common stage (stage III according to UICC) the median survival times were almost identical (PD group 10.1 months, PPPD group 11.2 months). The PPPD operation seems to be a sufficiently radical procedure which does not worsen the prognosis of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 898-901 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Acute posttraumatic and postoperative cholecystitis ; Ultrasonographic findings. ; Schlüsselwörter: Cholecystitis ; akute postoperative und posttraumatische ; Ultraschallkriterien.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Eine oft unbemerkte, jedoch potentiell fatale Komplikation im posttraumatischen Verlauf intensivpflichtiger Patienten ist die reaktive akute Cholecystitis. Aufgrund der hohen Spezifität der Ultraschalldiagnostik im biliären System war es unser Ziel, die Ultraschallkriterien zur frühzeitigen Objektivierung der posttraumatischen Cholecystitis zu überprüfen. Prospektiv wurde über 12 Monate bei 40 beatmungspflichtigen Patienten an jeweils 7 Tagen eine Ultraschalluntersuchung des Oberbauchs durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Beatmung, parenterale Ernährung und die Auswirkungen einer zuvor stattgehabten Traumatisierung des Patienten zu einer verzögerten Verdickung (28/40) bzw. Dreischichtung (9/40) der Gallenblasenwand führen kann. Sonographisch waren in 22,5 % (9/40) die Zeichen einer akuten Cholecystitis nachweisbar. In Korrelation mit den klinischen Parametern ergab sich jedoch nur in 2 Fällen die Indikation zur Cholecystektomie. Unsere Studie zeigt, daß das morphologische Korrelat einer verdickten dreischichtigen Gallenblasenwand auch ohne zugrundeliegende Cholecystitis im Rahmen systemischer Veränderungen auftreten kann. Eine sichere Diagnose einer akuten reaktiven Cholecystitis mit der Indikation zur Cholecystektomie konnte bei pathologischem Sonographiebefund nur in enger Korrelation mit klinischen Parametern gestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary. An often unrecognized but potentially fatal complication, mostly seen in posttraumatic patients under intensive care, is reactive acute cholecystitis. On account of the high specificity of ultrasound diagnosis in the biliary system we decided to examine the ultrasound criteria for early detection of posttraumatic cholecystitis. Ultrasound of the abdomen was performed prospectively, seven times on different days, in each of 40 artificially respirated patients under intensive care conditions over a period of 12 months. The results show that artificial respiration, parenteral feeding and previous trauma can lead to tardive (28/40) wallthickening or to a three-layered wall of the gallbladder (9/40). In 22.5 % of patients (9/40) we found the sonographic signs of acute cholecystitis. In correlation with the clinical signs, cholecystectomy was indicated in only two patients. The preoperative ultrasonographic findings and clinical signs of 23 patients with the diagnosis of acute reactive cholecystitis were analysed retrospectively. We found good correlation between sonographic and clinical signs of acute cholecystitis in 21 of these 23 patients. Our study shows that the morphological correlate of a thickened three-layered gallbladder wall can occur in the context of systemic alterations, even if there is no underlying cholecystitis. The diagnosis of acute reactive cholecystitis and the indication for cholecystectomy should be based on the synopsis of pathologic and clinical findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Angiotensinogen ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; hypertension ; genetic ; genes ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin-dependent ; non-insulin-dependent ; nephropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have suggested an association between a deletion (D) variant of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) gene and diabetic nephropathy. However, this finding has not been confirmed by all investigators. Furthermore, an M235T variant of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene has been associated with hypertension, an important risk factor for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The objective of our study was therefore to examine the relationship between these genetic variants of the renin-angiotensin system and diabetic nephropathy and hypertension, respectively, in a large (n = 661) group of Caucasian patients with insulin-dependent (n = 360) or non-insulin-dependent (n = 301) diabetes mellitus. The study had a power of 0.8 to detect a doubling of risk of nephropathy or hypertension in patients with the ACE-DD or AGT-235TT genotype, respectively. Allelic frequencies of the ACE-D and AGT-235T alleles were similar between patients with and without nephropathy in either type of diabetes, and accordingly, there was no significant association between diabetic nephropathy and the ACE or AGT genotype. Likewise, there was no significant association between the ACE or AGT genotype and hypertension. Thus, our data, in this large and ethnically homogeneous group of patients, do not support the hypothesis that these genetic variants of the renin-angiotensin system are strongly associated with either nephropathy or hypertension in patients with insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These genetic markers are therefore unlikely to serve as clinically useful predictors of either nephropathy or hypertension in Caucasian patients with diabetes. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 193–199]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 649-652 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract As a model for hydrogel-coated biomaterials, self-assembled monolayers of polyoxyethylene (POE) derivatives on sheets of polymeric biomaterials were prepared. The POE derivatives consisted of hydrophilic chains with different lengths and a long-chain alkyl group that served as an anchor function. The coatings obtained were analyzed with XPS and contact angle measurements showing hydrophilic chains of different lengths extending away from the surface. Bacterial adhesion was measured with a clinically relevant Klebsiella pneumoniae type strain and measurements reproduced 12 times. Bacterial adhesion decreased markedly with increasing hydrophilic chain length. Based upon these findings a new model for bacterial adhesion to hydrogel-coated surfaces is suggested: steric repulsion effects that increase with increasing chain length of grafted hydrophilic chains play an important role in bacterial adhesion to hydrogel-coated surfaces. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 303 (1898), S. 353-361 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 303 (1898), S. 362-367 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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