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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • Rat  (2)
  • Reduviidae  (2)
  • Bladder temperature  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 23-35 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Reduviidae ; interspecific predation ; intraspecific predation ; nutrition ; kin recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selected nutritional and developmental factors regulating the predatory behavior of first-instar spined assassin bugsSinea diadema (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were investigated. The longevity of unfed nymphs provided with free water, bean pod sections, or glucose solutions was not significantly greater than that of unfed nymphs which were not provided with a source of water. First-instarS. diadema that were provided with larvae ofEphestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as prey began feeding 1.9 (±0.9) days after hatching. In contrast, first-instarS. diadema that were provided with conspecifics of the same age did not begin feeding until they were 3.9 (±0.9) days old. These results suggest that the potential nutritional benefits to be gained from feeding equal or outweigh the risk of attacking prey capable of effective self-defense only when nymphs have not fed for 4 days after hatching. Providing the nymphs with water or glucose solutions significantly delayed the onset of conspecific predation. Additional data are presented which demonstrate that first-instarS. diadema are not restrained from preying on siblings by kin recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: predator-prey interactions ; Reduviidae ; hunger ; cannibalism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fed and unfed first instars of the spined assassin bugSinea diadema were paired to evaluate the effects of food deprivation on their behaviour during encounters. Fed nymphs encountering starved 5-day-old nymphs retreated from 69% of the encounters after contacting the starved nymph. In contrast, starved nymphs initiated grappling during 30% of the encounters with fed nymphs and retreated significantly less often than the fed nymphs. When a single fed nymph was placed together with two unfed 3-day-old nymphs in a closed arena, the fed nymphs generally were not the first nymph cannibalized and were the final survivors in 67% of 24 replicates. These results are discussed in the context of the relative costs and benefits of escalating or retreating from encounters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Postoperative Phase ; Ösophagustemperatur ; Blasentemperatur ; Rektaltemperatur ; Vergleich verschiedener Meßorte ; Key words Postoperative period ; Oesophageal temperature ; Bladder temperature ; Rectal temperature ; Comparison of different sites of measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: The data of 60 postoperatively sedated and ventilated patients were studied for analysis of oesophageal, bladder, and rectal temperatures. The purpose of the investigation was to clarify whether changes of oesophageal temperature are adequately reflected by bladder and rectal temperatures and whether the rate of rewarming has an influence on the accuracy of the latter two sites. Methods: For temperature recording, a Hi-Lo Temp® esophageal stethoscope (Mallinckrodt Medical), a Foley FC400-18 catheter temperature sensor (Respiratory Support Products, Mallinckrodt Medical), and a rectal temperature probe N401 (YSI) were used. Each probe and matching recording unit was calibrated over a range of 30–40 °C against a reference quartz thermometer (Hewlett packard Model 2801 A) in a thermostated water bath before the investigation. Five measuring points distributed over the whole period of rewarming were evaluated. Patients were assigned to groups with slow and fast rewarming, respectively. Agreement between the methods of measurement was assessed as described by Bland and Altman. Furthermore, differences between the oesophageal and bladder or rectal temperature were checked at each measuring point for statistical significance using the t-test. Results: In regard to oesophageal temperature, the bladder and rectal temperatures had biases of –0.01 °C and –0.03 °C, respectively. Limits of agreement (±2 s) were ±0.68 °C and ±0.82 °C, respectively. The bias of the bladder temperature was independent of the rate of rewarming (Fig. 3). The bias of the rectal temperature, however, differed in regard to the rewarming rate, being +0.06 °C in the group with slow rewarming and –0.13 °C in the group with fast rewarming (Tables 1 and 2, Fig. 1 and 2). These differences were significant for the measuring points 4 and 5 (Fig. 4). Conclusions: Bladder and rectal temperatures can accurately indicate the oesophageal temperature with a very small bias in postoperatively sedated and ventilated patients. Since the rate of rewarming influences the accuracy of rectal temperature readings, monitoring of bladder temperature seems to be more favourable in the postoperative period.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden bei 60 postoperativ nachbeatmeten Patienten während der Phase der Wiedererwärmung die Temperaturen in Ösophagus, Blase und Rektum miteinander verglichen. Ziel der Untersuchung war zu klären, wie gut Blasen- und Rektaltemperatur mit der Ösophagustemperatur übereinstimmten und ob die Wiedererwärmungsgeschwindigkeit einen Einfluß auf die Genauigkeit dieser beiden Meßorte hatte. Material und Methoden: Es wurden fünf Meßpunkte pro Patient berücksichtigt, die zu gleichen Teilen über die Wiedererwärmungsperiode verteilt wurden. Um den Einfluß der Wiedererwärmungsgeschwindigkeit zu erfassen, wurden die Patienten retrospektiv einer Gruppe mit schneller oder langsamer Wiedererwärmung zugeordnet. Ergebnisse: Die Blasentemperatur weist gegenüber der Ösophagustemperatur eine systematische Abweichung von –0,01 °C und eine Meßunsicherheit (±2 s) von ±0,68 °C auf und ist unabhängig von der Wiedererwärmungsgeschwindigkeit. Die Rektaltemperatur zeigt eine systematische Abweichung von –0,03 °C und eine Meßunsicherheit von ±0,82 °C. Die systematische Abweichung der Rektaltemperatur betrug bei langsamer Wiedererwärmung ±0,06 °C, bei schneller Wiedererwärmung hingegen –0,13 °C. Die Unterschiede waren für die Meßpunkte 4 und 5 statistisch signifikant. Schlußfolgerung: Aus diesem Grund scheint die Messung der Blasentemperatur in der postoperativen Phase vorteilhafter zu sein als die Messung der Rektaltemperatur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute pancreatitis ; Therapy ; Dextran ; Hypertonic ; Colloid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Ultrahigh-molecular dextran (500000 Da) has been shown to prevent pancreatic necrosis when given 30 min after induction of pancreatitis. This study should clarify the following: (a) are dextrans still effective after prolongation of the therapy-free interval? (b) what is the impact of the molecular weight of the dextrans? and (c) is their effect influenced by the dextran concentration or by the addition of hypertonic saline? Animals and interventions: Acute pancreatitis was induced in 70 male dextran-tolerant Wistar rats using intraductal bile-salt infusion and intravenous hyperstimulation. After 3 h, animals were assigned to one of seven groups (n=10 per group) receiving either Ringer solution or different dextrans (10%) including 70000 Da (DEX-70), 160000 Da (DEX-160), 300000 Da (DEX-300) or 500000 Da (DEX-500). Additional groups included DEX-70 (6%) and DEX-70 (10%) in combination with hypertonic NaCl (7.5%) (HHS-70). Ringer solution was given at 24 ml/kg and all dextrans at 8 ml/kg. Measurements and results: Trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) were quantified in ascites and acinar necrosis after death or sacrifice at 9 h. As an index of less pathological trypsinogen activation, the mean TAP levels in ascites were significantly lower in DEX-70 and DEX-160 compared to Ringer controls (p〈0.05, t-test). Furthermore, the amount of acinar necrosis was significantly lower in all dextran groups except the HHS-70 in comparison with Ringer controls (p〈0.01, t-test). Finally, mortality was significantly reduced from 60% in Ringer controls to 10 and 0%, respectively, in the groups treated with DEX-70 and DEX-160 (p〈0.03, Fisher‘s Exact test). There was a similar trend in all other groups except the HHS-70. Conclusions: Despite a therapy-free interval of 3 h, dextrans reduce trypsinogen activation, prevent acinar necrosis, and improve survival in necrotizing rodent pancreatitis. The molecular weight and concentration of dextran are of secondary importance for these beneficial effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Acute pancreatitis ; Therapy ; Dextran ; Hypertonic ; Colloid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective Ultrahigh-molecular dextran (500 000 DA) has been shown to prevent pancreatic necrosis when given 30 min after induction of pancreatitis. This study should clarify the following: (a) are dextrans still effective after prolongation of the therapy-free interval? (b) what is the impact of the molecular weight of the dextrans? and (c) is their effect influenced by the dextran concentration or by the addition of hypertonic saline? Animals and interventions Acute pancreatitis was induced in 70 male dextran-tolerant Wistar rats using intraductal bile-salt infusion and intravenous hyperstimulation. After 3 h, animals were assigned to one of seven groups (n=10 per group) receiving either Ringer solution or different dextrans (10%) including 70 000 Da (DEX-70), 160 000 Da (DEX-160), 300 000 Da (DEX-300) or 500 000 Da (DEX-500). Additional groups included DEX-70 (6%) and DEX-70 (10%) in combination with hypertonic NaCl (7.5%) (HHS-70). Ringer solution was given at 24 ml/kg and all dextrans at 8 ml/kg. Measurements and results Trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) were quantified in ascites and acinar necrosis after death or sacrifice at 9 h. As an index of less pathological trypsinogen activation, the mean TAP levels in ascites were significatly lower in DEX-70 and DEX-160 compared to Ringer controls (p〈0.05,t-test). Furthermore, the amount of acinar necrosis was significantly lower in all dextran groups except the HHS-70 in comparison with Ringer controls (p〈0.01,t-test). Finally, mortality was significantly reduced from 60% in Ringer controls to 10 and 0%, respectively, in the groups treated with DEX-70 and DEX-160 (p〈0.03, Fisher's Exact test). There was a similar trend in all other groups except the HHS-70. Conclusions Despite a therapy-free interval of 3 h, dextrans reduce trypsinogen activation, prevent acinar necrosis, and improve survival in necrotizing rodent pancreatitis. The molecular weight and concentration of dextran are of secondary importance for these beneficial effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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