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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 20 (1998), S. 288-290 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Retrotransposition affects genome structure by increasing repetition and producing insertional mutations. Dispersion of the retrotransposon L1 throughout mammalian genomes suggests that L1 activity might be an important evolutionary force. Here we report that L1 retrotransposition contributes ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 517-521 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuronavigation ; Computer-assistierte Neurochirurgie ; Bildgestütztes Operieren ; Rahmenlose Stereotaxie ; Gliomchirurgie ; Key words Neuronavigation ; Computer-assisted neurosurgery ; Image-guided surgery ; Frameless stereotaxy ; Glioma surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The use of stereotactic methods for the resection of subcortical lesions is heavily advoacted in clinical neurosurgery introducing the term „neuronavigation”. Though being an unequivacally elegant technique for the localisation and delineation of pathological lesions in the central nervous system neuronavigation has not been validated by any prospective randomized controlled trial. The method is prone to significant errors as to the intraoperative localisation based upon preoperative threedimensional images. The maximum error can be up to 2.6 cm depending on the extent of the so-called brain shift. In comparison classical frame based stereotaxy has a mean error of ±1 mm and remains the gold standard for the exact threedimensional localisation of a given lesion. The value of neuronavigation is evident for small deep seated vascular lesions. For metastatic tumors or skull base tumors the usefullness is rather marginal because alternative therapies are available with proven and equivalent efficacy and reduced morbidity on one hand, and because of the anatomy of the tumor which makes neuronavigation unnecessary. For the currently most common application of neuronavigation, i.e. surgery of gliomas, no significant improvements of therapeutic results can be expected from neuronavigation. The biology of gliomas limits any mechanical approaches.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der stereotaktischen Methode für die Resektion von tiefliegenden Prozessen wird unter dem Begriff „Neuronavigation” in der klinischen Neurochirurgie vehement propagiert. Der Wert dieses unstrittig eleganten Verfahrens zur Lokalisation und Abgrenzung pathologischer Prozesse im ZNS ist bislang nicht durch prospektiv-kontrollierte, randomisierte Studien belegt. Die Methode ist mit einer erheblichen Fehlerbreite bzgl. der intraoperativen Lokalisation auf der Basis präoperativer dreidimensionaler Bilder behaftet („brain shift”). Dem gegenüber ist die klassische rahmengeführte Stereotaxie mit einer Genauigkeit von ±1 mm weiterhin der Gold-Standard für die exakte dreidimensionale Lokalisation eines Prozesses. Wenngleich der Wert der Neuronavigation für kleine, tiefsitzende, insbesondere vaskuläre Prozesse einleuchtet, ist der Wert bei Metastasen und Schädelbasistumoren nur sehr relativ, da hier entweder alternative Therapieverfahren mit gleicher Effizienz bei geringer Morbidität vorliegen oder weil aufgrund anatomischer Gegebenheiten die Neuronavigation entbehrlich ist. Für die derzeit häufigste Anwendung der Neuronavigation, der Gliomchirurgie, ist aus bekannten Gründen, die in der Biologie der Gliome liegen, keine Verbesserung der Operations-ergebnisse zu erwarten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 477-484 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bewegungsstörungen ; M. Parkinson ; Stereotaxie ; Tremor ; Hirnstimulation ; Key words Stereotactic surgery ; Parkinson’s disease ; Movement disorders ; Thalamotomy ; Pallidotomy ; Brain ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Stereotactic surgery for movement disorders is currently undergoing a re-evaluation. A new understanding of the pathophysiology makes the surgical lesion a logical step for the aleviation of both hyperkinetic symptoms such as tremor and hypokinetic symptoms like bradykinesia. Advances in imaging and electrophysiological control render these procedures more accurate and safer. Indications are medically refractory, Parkinsonean tremor, essential tremor, cerebellar tremor, bradykinesia and L-Dopa induced dyskinesis. The standard procedure is ablative surgery, i.e. thalamotomy for tremors and pallidotomy for bradykinesia, dystonia and L-Dopa induced dyskinesias. Deep brain stimulation is a novel alternative for selected patients which is currently evaluated. Neural transplantation of autologus, fetal or genetically manipulated cell suspensions into the striatum for the time being is experimental.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die chirurgische, d.h. stereotaktische Behandlung von Bewegungsstörungen erfährt derzeit eine Neubewertung. Neue Einsichten in die Pathophysiologie der Bewegungsstörungen haben dazu geführt, daß der stereotaktische Eingriff als begründeter therapeutischer Schritt angesehen wird. Die Nebenwirkungen stereotaktischer Eingriffe sind durch neue operative Techniken, digitale Bildgebung und elektrophysiologische Kontrollen geringer geworden. Die hauptsächlichen Indikationen sind Parkinson-Tremor und Rigidität, essentieller Tremor und zerebellärer Tremor. Als etablierte Routinemethode wird die stereotaktische Elektrokoagulation im Thalamus für alle Tremorformen weiterhin bevorzugt. Für die Behandlung von Akinesie und Bradykinesie, besonders auch der Dopa-induzierten Hyperkinesien, gewinnt die Pallidotomie rasch wieder an Bedeutung. Die chronische Stimulation durch Implantation von Hirnelektroden ist in Einzelfällen indiziert. Die Transplantation autologer, fetaler oder gentechnisch manipulierter Zellen wird derzeit in ihrer Bedeutung für die Therapie untersucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 17 (1999), S. 123-125 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign mesenchymal tumor predominantly occurring in the kidney. Despite its low incidence of 0.07–0.3% in an unselected population, this tumor is well known, because the typical AML can be diagnosed without histological confirmation by a combination of ultrasound (US) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging in up to 95% of cases. In contrast, simultaneous involvement of the kidney and the regional lymph nodes is less known and might be confused with metastasizing malignant tumor. We report a case of the very uncommon simultaneous involvement of the kidney and the lymph nodes in AML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Endoplasmic reticulum ; Intracisternal ; tubules ; Neurons ; Virus-like particles ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of a rapidly progressive, fatal non-inflammatory demyelinating disease, distinct from multiple sclerosis and lysosomal disorders, in a patient with progressive dementia. Electron microscopy of stereotactic brain biopsy samples revealed the presence in neurons of sinuous, double-walled cylindrical membranous structures within the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum. These structures were 75–80 nm in overall diameter, up to 1.5 mm long and had a 40- to 45-nm diameter core. The possibility that they might be viruses of the Filoviridae or Paramyxoviridae families was considered, but the inclusions differed in key morphological aspects from members of both virus families and there were no supporting clinical or pathological data. Neither was it possible to assign the structures to any other known virus family on the basis of their morphology. Such inclusions have been the subject of only three published reports over the past 20 years. Evidence suggests that they may be confined to human central nervous system neurons, but occur in unrelated disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, meningoencephalitis, low-pressure hydrocephalus, demyelination). The possibility that they are formed in certain neurons by an abnormal internal budding process, as a response to a variety of pathological insults, is considered most likely, although an infectious origin (such as an unrecognised virus with variable clinical effect) cannot be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 133 (1995), S. 239-239 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Acoustic neuroma ; cell kinetics ; labelling index ; monoclonal antibody MIB 1 ; neurofibromatosis 2 ; vestibular schwannoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Formalin-fixed paraffin sections of 55 consecutive bilateral vestibular schwannomas in 46 patients with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), and 50 patients with unilateral vestibular schwannomas were investigated immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibody MIB 1 directed against recombinant parts of Ki-67 antigen. The immunohistochemical staining was carried out on dewaxed microwave oven-processed paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tumour tissues. The labelling index (LI) obtained was compared to clinical and histological findings in both groups. There was no correlation between the LI and age of the patients, tumour size, or histological type of tumour (Antoni A or B). Vestibular schwannomas in NF2 showed higher LI than unilateral vestibular schwannomas: the maximal LI found per section (LI max) ranged from 0.4 to 17.6% (mean, 2.7%) in NF2 schwannomas, and from 0 to 9% (mean, 2.2%) in unilateral schwannomas. These differences may express immunohistochemically some clinical and morphological differences between bilateral and unilateral vestibular schwannomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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