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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 850-854 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Ureterabgangsstenose ; Standardisierte dynamische Radionuklidnephrographie ; Key words Obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction ; Standardized dynamic scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: The dynamic radionuclide nephrography (Tc99m-MAG3) is an important method in the evaluation of obstruction of the upper urinary tract. The aim of the present study was to assess whether radionuclid nephrography under standardized conditions with adequate hydration and Furosemid induced diuresis can reliably detect a significant obstruction at the pelvi-ureteric junction. We therefore tested whether minimal tracer washout (10–25%) in the presence of normal renal function could justity a non-operative managment. Methods: 55 children with sonographically diagnosed hydronephrosis (dilation of the renal pelvis of more than 12 mm and calical dilation) had dynamic radionuclide nephrography after intravenous hydratisation (30–40 ml/kg bw). Results: 24 children showed a washout above 50%, 13 of more than 25%. Three patients had only a minimal washout (10–25%), which improved impressively as demonstrated in a control nephrography 2 months later in all of them. 15 children without any significant washout underwent corrective surgery: Six months after operation 13 of them showed a washout above 50%, the two remorning or more than 30%. Conclusion: Standardized radionuclide nephrography allows an important functional assessment of the urodynamic relevance of the pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. With minimal tracer washout (10–25%) in the presence of normal renal function (〉40% divided renal function) primary conservative management seems justified. A washout below 50% no longer can be accepted as on indication of urodynamicly important obstruction necessitating operative corrective surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die dynamische Radionuklidnephrographie (99mTc-MAG3) stellt die wichtigste Untersuchungsmethode zur Klärung einer oberen Harnwegobstruktion dar. Untersucht wurde, ob die Methode, unter standardisierten Bedingungen (i.v.-Hydratisierung, Furosemidgabe und Sedierung) angewandt, eine strenge Operationsindikation erlaubt und sich als Verlaufsbeobachtung eignet. Dabei wurde insbesondere geprüft, ob bei minimalem Abfall der Traceraktivität (10–25%) und guter Nierenfunktion ein konservatives Vorgehen möglich ist. Methode: Bei 55 Kindern mit ausgeprägter Hydronephrose (〉12 mm Dilatation des Nierenbeckens und der Kelche in der Sonographie) wurde eine Radionuklidnephrographie veranlaßt. Die Untersuchung erfolgte nach i.v. 4stündiger Hydratisierung mit 30–40 ml/kg KG. Ergebnisse: Bei 24 Kindern war ein Abfluß von mehr als 50% und bei 13 von mehr als 25% der Aktivität nachweisbar. Bei 3 Patienten war nur eine geringe Ausscheidung (10–25%) zu dokumentieren, die sich bei einer Kontrollradionuklidnephrographie nach 8 Wochen bei allen Patienten eindrucksvoll besserte. Von 15 Kindern mit fehlendem Tracerabfall wurden 6 Monate nach erfolgreicher Korrektur der Ureterabgangsstenose bei 13 Kindern mehr als 50% der Traceraktivität ausgeschieden, bei den beiden anderen mehr als 30%. Schlußfolgerungen: Die standardisierte Radionuklidnephrographie ermöglicht eine wichtige funktionelle Aussage über die urodynamische Relevanz der Harntransportstörung. Ein geringer Auswascheffekt (10–25%) erlaubt bei Säuglingen mit normaler Nierenfunktion primär ein konservatives Vorgehen, und ein Tracerabfall 〈50% darf nicht länger als Maß für eine urodynamisch bedeutsame Obstruktion mit der Konsequenz einer operativen Korrektur angesehen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüselwörter Wells-Syndrom ; Eosinophile Zellulitis ; Urtikarielle ; Morphaea-artige und blasenbildende Erkrankungen in der Kindheit ; Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ; Key words Wells' syndrome ; Eosinophilic cellulitis ; Urticarial ; morphea-like and bullous diseases in childhood ; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) is a rare inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Only 18 cases in childhood have been reported. We report on a 5-year-old girl who showed the typical biphasic and recurrent course of the disease: initially edematous-cellulitic lesions associated with blisters, followed by morphea-like changes on the extremities. Eosinophilia of peripheral blood was apparent, which, however, was not correlated with the severity of the current condition. After a recurrent course for 4 months and intermittent systemic administration of antibiotics (on the assumption of erysipelas and phlegmon) and glucocorticosteroids, the disease healed without sequelae. Trigger factors or systemic hematologic malignancy could not be detected. Diskussion: Wells' syndrome is probably more common than believed and should be included in the differential diagnosis of urticarial, morphea-like and bullous eruptions in childhood.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Wells-Syndrom (eosinophile Zellulitis) ist eine seltene entzündliche Dermatose unbekannter Ätiologie und Pathogenese, die im Kindesalter bisher erst in 18 Fällen beschrieben wurde. Ein 5 Jahre altes Mädchen zeigte den charakteristischen phasenhaften und rezidivierenden Verlauf mit zunächst ödematös-zellulitischen und später Morphaea-artigen Veränderungen im Bereich der Extremitäten. Frühe Läsionen wiesen darüber hinaus große Blasen auf. Es bestand eine Bluteosinophilie, die jedoch nicht mit der Schwere des momentanen Krankheitszustands korrelierte. Nach 4 monatigem rezidivierendem Verlauf mit intermittierender systemischer Gabe von Antibiotika – zunächst unter den Differentialdiagnosen Erysipel und Phlegmone – und Glukokortikosteroiden heilte die Erkrankung folgenlos aus. Triggerfaktoren oder eine maligne hämatologische Systemerkrankung konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Diskussion: Die i. allg. benigne verlaufende Erkrankung ist wahrscheinlich häufiger als bisher angenommen und sollte in die Differentialdiagnose urtikarieller, Morphaea-artiger und auch blasenbildender Erkrankungen des Kindesalters einbezogen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia ; Adverse effects ; Ascorbic acid ; Glutathione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the treatment of nitric oxide (NO)-induced methemoglobinemia by ascorbate and its consequences on red blood cell (RBC) glutathione in vitro. RBC were obtained from five healthy volunteers. The following experiments were carried out: (1) After methemoglobin generation by NO, ascorbate was added (2) RBC were simultaneously exposed to NO and ascorbate (3) Methemoglobin was generated by NO, ascorbate was added and incubation with NO continued. (1) After discontinuation of NO, the mean half life for methemoglobin was reduced from 195 min (controls) to 60 min (10 mM ascorbate) in a dose-dependent manner. (2) Methemoglobin formation after 3 h of NO exposure was 2.7 ± 0.3 % in controls and 1.8 ± 0.1 % with 10 mM ascorbate (p 〈 0.01). (3) Further methemoglobin formation was inhibited only by 10 mM ascorbate (p 〈 0.001). NO incubation did not affect RBC glutathione (86.5 ± 19.6 and 86.5 ± 19.6 mg/l, respectively). Treatment with 10 mM ascorbate significantly decreased glutathione (p 〈 0.002). In vitro, NO-induced methemoglobin formation is significantly decreased only by a high (10 mM) ascorbate concentration. Glutathione, critical for ascorbate activity, is not influenced by NO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Gonadotropins hCG/LH receptor Pregnancy Utero-placental perfusion Vascular endothelium Vascular smooth muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Membrane receptors for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are expressed in a variety of steroidogenic cells, and also in extragonadal tissues such as vessels of the female genital tract. We examined the possible contribution of hCG to the endocrine control of prearteriolar mesenteric and uterine vessels before and during pregnancy. Lumen diameters of isolated pressurized resistance arteries from Sprague-Dawley rats were measured using a video-electronic system. hCG produced marked and dose-dependent vasodilation. Uterine radial arteries were found to be highly sensitive to hCG (EC50≅60 mU/ml) before and throughout gestation. Second-order mesenteric arteries from nonpregnant animals were even more sensitive (EC50=38 mU/ml), but, in these vessels, responsiveness to hCG was significantly attenuated by the pregnant state. Mechanical removal of the vascular endothelium did not reduce the degree of vasodilation mediated by hCG. The expression of hCG receptor mRNA in intact vessels could be demonstrated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). hCG appears to be an important embryonic signal, which could trigger adaptive cardiovascular changes in early pregnancy, simultaneously preserving a sufficient utero-placental perfusion during the entire gestation period by an endothelium-independent mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 582-584 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pyelonephritis ; Hyponatraemia ; Hyperkalaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract Three children with severe hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia associated with acute pyelonephritis are reported. All were very young male infants in a poor general condition and seriously dehydrated. Diagnostic procedures did not detect obstructive uropathy or vesico-ureteric reflux. Conclusion Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia occurs in young infants with severe acute pyelonephritis in the absence of obstructive uropathy or vesico-ureteric reflux. The severe inflammation of the kidney itself may explain the electrolyte disturbance by a transient resistance of the distal tubule to aldosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 712-714 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-like growth factor ; Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 ; Growth hormone deficiency ; mesenteric cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 12.5-year-old girl presented with short stature. Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-I) and insulin- like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3) were below the 0.1 percentile. Growth hormone provocation tests disclosed normal responses to l-arginine and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. A huge benign mesenteric cyst was discovered by abdominal ultrasound and completely removed. Subsequently, the girl showed a marked catch-up growth; however, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 remained below the 0.1 percentile. Conclusion These observations imply that growth may take place even with very low levels of insulin-like growth factors. The interpretation of low IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in short children still requires good clinical judgement and basic knowledge of their biological action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 582-584 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Pyelonephritis ; Hyponatraemia ; Hyperkalaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three children with severe hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia associated with acute pyelonephritis are reported. All were very young male infants in a poor general condition and seriously dehydrated. Diagnostic procedures did not detect obstructive uropathy or vesico-ureteric reflux. Conclusion Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia occurs in young infants with severe acute pyelone-phritis in the absence of obstructive uropathy or vesico-ureteric reflux. The severe inflammation of the kidney itself may explain the electrolyte disturbance by a transient resistance of the distal tubule to aldosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Brain death ; Organ donor ; Liver transplantation ; Graft viability ; Hepatic microcirculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the deterioration of hepatic graft viability in brain-dead organ donors, the impact of brain death on hepatic microcirculation was investigated with respect to hormonal homeostasis and graft viability. Rats were assigned to two groups: group I (n = 6) served as sham controls, and in group II (n = 6), brain death was induced through insufflation of an intracranial balloon. Mean arterial pressure was elevated significantly within 5 min after the induction of brain death and then decreased significantly to below the control value. Urine osmolality was significantly lower and serum osmolality significantly higher than the control values. Antidiuretic hormone level was significantly lower than the control value. Bile secretion also decreased significantly. Furthermore, in group II there were significantly higher numbers of nonperfused sinusoids (15.9 % vs 6.2 % in group I), and sinusoidal stagnant and postsinusoidal venular adherent leukocytes (53.9/lobule and 258.6/mm2 versus 25.2/lobule and 124.8/mm2 in group I, respectively). In summary, sinusoidal perfusion is compromised after brain death, possibly, in part, through an increased leukocyte activation and accumulation in the hepatic microvasculature, leading to the deterioration of hepatic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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