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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • Chemistry  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser photometric probe for concentration measurements in liquid dispersions (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350319
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von HCl und Cl2 auf die Hochtemperaturkorrosion des 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo-Stahls in Atmosphären mit hohen Sauerstoffdrücken (1990)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of HCl and Cl2 on high temperature corrosion of 2 1/4Cr 1 Mo Steel in atmospheres with high oxygen pressuresThe oxidation of the 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo steel was investigated at 773 K in oxidizing He-O2-HCl atmospheres. The addition of HCl to He-O2 atmospheres leads to accelerated oxidation rates. Below porous and cracked oxide scales condensed chlorides are formed. At low HCl pressures 0-1000 vppm the “active oxidation” is determining the corrosion process; i.e. oxidation of evaporating chlorides within the oxide scale. For higher HCl contents 1000-3000 vppm the corrosion behaviour changes to paralinear; i.e. simultaneous parabolic oxide growth and linear mass loss by chloride evaporation.
    Notes: Die Oxidation des 2 1/4Cr1Mo-Stahls in oxidierenden He-O2-HCl-Atmosphären bei 773 K wurde untersucht. Der Zusatz von HCl zu He-O2-Atmosphären führt zu stark beschleunigter Oxidation. Unter porösen und rissigen Oxidschichten bilden sich feste Chloride. Bei niedrigen HCl-Drücken 0-1000 vppm bestimmt „aktive Oxidation“ den Korrosionsprozeß; d.h. Oxidation flüchtiger Chloride innerhalb der Oxidschicht. Bei höheren HCl-Drücken 1000-3000 vppm erfolgt ein Übergang zum paralinearen Korrosionsverhalten, d.h. gleichzeitiges parabolisches Oxidwachstum und lineare Massenabnahme durch das Abdampfen von Chloriden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19900410602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature sulfidation of Fe-Mn alloys and Mn in H2-H2SDedicated to Professor Dr. Alfred Rahmel on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1987)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 498-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sulfidierung von Fe-Mn-Legierungen und Mn bei hohen TemperaturenDie Sulfidierung von Fe-Mn-Legierungen mit 20-50% Mn und von reinem Mn wurde bei 973 K, 1073 K und 1173 K in H2-H2S Atmosphären bei konstantem pS2 oder konstantem pH2S/pH2 untersucht, unter Bedingungen, bei denen nur MnS gebildet wird. Die Sulfidierungskinetik ist vorwiegend parabolisch, aber bedingt durch zwei verschiedene Diffusionsvorgänge. Bei der Sulfidierung der Fe-Mn-Legierungen bei 973 K und 1073 K ist die Diffusion der Mn-Atome in der Legierung der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Vorgang, und es wird eine verzahnte Grenzfläche Sulfidschicht/Legierung beobachtet. Bei 1173 K erfolgt ein Übergang zur Kontrolle der Sulfidierungsgeschwindigkeit durch Diffusion des Mn in der Sulfidschicht und ein Übergang von der verzahnten Grenzfläche zur ebenen Grenzfläche.
    Notes: The sulfidation behaviour of a range of Fe-Mn alloys and pure Mn were studied at 973 K, 1073 K, and 1173 K in H2-H2S atmospheres at constant pS2 or constant pH2S/pH2. The sulfidation kinetics were parabolic in most cases, but two different diffusion processes affect the kinetics. In the sulfidation of the Fe-Mn alloys at 973 K and 1073 K, the diffusion of manganese atoms in the alloy is the rate-determining step and an interlocked scale/alloy interface is observed. At 1173 K there is a transition to rate-control by the diffusion of manganese in the sulfide scale connected with transition from rugged to a planar scale/alloy interface.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19870380907
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einflüsse von HCl und N2 auf die Hochtemperaturkorrosion in Atmosphären mit niedrigem Sauerstoffdruck (1989)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 642-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of HCl and N2 on high temperature corrosion in atmospheres with low oxygen pressuresThe effects of HCl and N2 on the high temperature corrosion in atmospheres with low oxygen pressures were investigated.Investigations of the alloy Fe-20Cr in He-H2-H2-O-HCl atmospheres at 1173 K under conditions, where no condensed chlorides could be formed, show the simultaneous growth of Cr2O3 and evaporation of CrCl2. The kinetics of the reactions can be described by growth of Cr2O3 according to the parabolic rate law and transport of CrCl2 in the gas flow following a linear rate law.During heating of the samples in He-H2-H2O-HCl condensed chlorides are formed which decrease the adherence of the oxide layers and cause oxide spallation during cooling. This can be avoided either by preoxidation in H2-H2O or heating in dry hydrogen. The porosity of Cr2O3 layers is not enhanced when HCl is added to the gas atmosphere.The oxidation and evaporation is enhanced in N2-H2-H2O-HCl atmospheres compared to He-H2-H2O-HCl atmospheres. The Cr2O3 scales are coarse grained and poros. The enhanced porosity is caused by the nucleation and growth of chromium nitrides in the transient state of oxidation.
    Notes: Der Einfluß von gasförmigem HCl und Stickstoff auf die Hochtemperatur-Korrosion in Atmosphären mit niedrigem Sauerstoffpartialdruck wurde untersucht.Untersuchungen mit der Legierung Fe-20Cr in He-H2-H2O-HCl-Atmosphären bei 1173 K unter Bedingungen, bei denen keine kondensierten Chloride gebildet werden, zeigten, daß gleichzeitig Wachstum von Cr2O3 und Abdampfen von CrCl2 erfolgt. Die Kinetik der Gesamtreaktion läßt sich durch Überlagerung eines parabolischen Zeitgesetzes für das Oxidwachstum mit einem linearen Zeitgesetz für die Abdiffusion des Chlorides in den Gasstrom beschreiben.Beim Aufheizen der Proben in He-H2-H2O-HCl bilden sich kondensierte Chloride, die die Haftung der Oxidschichten beeinträchtigen und Abplatzen beim Abkühlen verursachen. Voroxidation in H2-H2O oder Aufheizen in getrocknetem Wasserstoff verhindern dies. Die Porosität von Cr2O3-Schichten wird durch den Zusatz von HCl zur Gasatmosphäre nicht erhöht.In N2-H2-H2O-HCl-Atmosphären ist die Oxidation und das Abdampfen beschleunigt gegenüber He-H2-H2O-HCl-Atmosphären. Die gebildeten Cr2O3-Schichten sind grobkörnig und porös. Ursache der erhöhten Porosität ist die Keimbildung und das Wachstum von Chromnitriden im Anfangsstadium der Oxidation.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19890401104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinforcement of amorphous thermoplastics by blending with a para-linked aromatic LC-polyester (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1 (1990), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Reinforcement ; Amorphous ; Matrix ; LC-polyester ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The preparation and the mechanical properties of binary blends of amorphous thermoplastics and a para-linked liquid crystalline polyester, which is expected to act as a reinforcement, are reported. The LC-polyester has the advantage that it is soluble in common organic solvents, that it has a low transition temperature, and that it does not crystallize readily. Polycarbonate, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(ether sulfone) were selected as matrix materials. Most of the films cast from the blends turned out to be turbid and thus phase separated, the sizes of the dispersed phases ranging between 0.2 μm (in polycarbonate) and 1 μm (in polystyrene).The LC-polyester causes a substantial increase of the stiffness in blends with polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(ether sulfone) and almost no increase in the case of polystyrene. These differences are attributed to the particular magnitudes of the strength of the phase coupling between the matrix and the dispersed phase, which is controlled by their compatibility.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1990.220010204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimer laser micromachining (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 2 (1993), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The machining of several materials such as polymers, metals and ceramics using excimer lasers (193, 248 and 308 nm) was investigated. By photoablation, micrometer resolution can be achieved for polymers if the wavelength and fluence are chosen properly. High-definition processing of metals is complicated by the occurrence of surface melting. An interaction between the ablation plume and the walls of the laser-drilled holes leads to hole widening in the case of polymers at high fluences. For small structures (〈100 μm) all materials investigated show a size-dependent ablation rate. This effect has to be taken into account if a precise ablation depth is required for a pattern with structures of different sizes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860020111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme chronopotentiometry (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 6 (1994), S. 543-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chronopotentiometry ; Enzyme electrode ; Biosensors ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chronopotentiometry (CP) with enzyme electrodes is a new approach to overcome inherent problems of steady-state potentiometric processes. The developed procedure is presented on the example of a glucose oxidase (GOD) electrode. Electrochemically generated mediator helps to overcome traditional difficulties arising from poorly defined mixed potentials in the presence of oxygen during an analysis. Transition times are automatically evaluated by using computerized calculation programs. The technique can be used for determining substrate concentrations; moreover, it is particularly promising as an effective tool to study electrode processes with biochemical systems on an electrode surface.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140060703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur radikalischen Copolymerisation von Acrylnitril mit α-Olefinen. 9. Mitt.: Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Copolymerisationsparameter8. Mitt.: siehe [2] (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 16-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The constants derived for the copolymerization systems of allylbenzene, 2-methylpentene-1 and isobutene with acryloninitrile, the rAN values being independent of the comonomer mixture and the yield, as well as the parameters rANL required for estimating the effect of the solvent by combining the overall rate and copolymerization equations were found to correlate linearly with the donor value of the solvent. The effect of the solvent is explained predominantly by the interaction of electrophilic macroradicals being solvated to different degree with acrylonitrile at the chain end.
    Notes: Die für die Copolymerisationssysteme von Allylbenzen, 2-Methylpenten-1 und Isobuten mit Acrylnitril abgeleiteten Konstanten, die von der Comonomermischung und dem Umsatz unabhängigen rAN-Werte sowie die zur Quantifizierung des Lösungsmitteleinflusses aus der Kombination von Bruttogeschwindigeits- und Copolymerisationsgleichung erhaltenen Parameter rANL korrelieren linear mit der Donorzahl der Lösungsmittel. Der Lösungsmitteleinfluß wird vor allem durch die Wechselwirkung des unterschiedlich solvatisierten elektrophilen Makroradikals mit Acrylnitril am Kettenende erklärt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur radikalischen Copolymerisation von Acrylnitril mit α-Olefinen in polaren Lösungsmitteln 10. Mitt.: Abhängigkeit der Bruttogeschwindigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen9. Mitt.: siehe [4] (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 172-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The overall rate of copolymerization of the systems acrylonitrile/allylbenzene, acrylonitrile/α-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile/2-methylpentene-1 and, for comparison, acrylonitrile/styrene was determined in dependence on the solvent of the monomer mixture, the overall monomer concentration and the temperature. The results are discussed by means of an empirical overall rate equation.
    Notes: Die Bruttogeschwindigkeit der Copolymerisation der Systeme Acrylnitril/Allylbenzen, Acrylnitril/α-Methylstyren, Acrylnitril/2-Methylpenten-1 und im Vergleich dazu von Acrylnitril/Styren werden in Abhängigkeit vom Lösungsmittel der Monomermischung, der Gesamtmonomerkonzentration und der Temperatur bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit einer empirischen Bruttogeschwindigkeitsgleichung diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370311
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur radikalischen Copolymerisation von Acrylnitril mit α-Olefinen. 8. Mitt.: Bestimmung der r-Werte nach dem Modell der am Reaktionsort reduzierten Olefinkonzentration7. Mitt.: siehe [1] (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 671-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In the binary copolymerization systems of allylbenzene, 2-methylpentene-1 and isobutene with acrylonitrile rOlefin = 0 can be postulated. By linear correlation of the rAN-values with the molar fraction of the olefin the ordinate intersection provides constant values of rAN depending only on the kind of olefin and the solvent. Constant values of rAN are also obtained by supposing the olefin concentration to be reduced at the reaction site. The concentration of reactive olefins is related to their initial amount by an exponential expression.
    Notes: Für die binären Copolymerisationssysteme von Allylbenzen, 2-Methylpenten-1 und Isobuten mit Acrylnitril läßt sich rOlefin = 0 postulieren. Durch lineare Korrelation der rAN-Werte und dem Molenbruch des Olefins werden aus dem Ordinatenabschnitt konstante rAN-Werte erhalten, die nur von der Art des Olefins und dem Lösungsmittel abhängig sind. Die konstanten rAN-Werte lassen sich auch auf Basis der Modellvorstellung, daß die Olefinkonzentration am Reaktionsort reduziert ist, ableiten. Die reaktive Olefinkonzentration ist durch eine Exponentialbeziehung mit der eingesetzten verknüpft.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010361208
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