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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6731-6733 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction measurements of samples during the reaction of cobalt treatment were carried out to study the mechanism of reaction. X-ray diffraction, TEM observation, and magnetic measurements of core γ-Fe2O3 and the modified particles were performed to investigate the crystal growth of cobalt ferrite on core γ-Fe2O3 particles. From chemical analysis of Fe2+ and total-iron ions in the reacting suspension and x-ray diffraction measurements of samples during the reaction, it is clear that the lattice constant becomes larger due to the formation of cobalt ferrite on core γ-Fe2O3 without decrement of Fe2+/total-iron ratio. So, cobalt ferrite on core γ-Fe2O3 particles is formed not by the oxidation of added Fe2+ ions, but by the electron transfer from Fe(OH)2 to core material. From x-ray diffraction measurements, I400/I311, I220/I311, and I111/I311 were calculated. While I400/I311 and I220/I311 are almost constant, only I111/I311 increases with increasing the amount of cobalt and ferrous ions added. These results show that cobalt ferrite is preferentially grown on (111) plane which is the close-packed plane of spinel lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A holographic SiC grating has been fabricated by means of reactive ion beam etching in Ar+CHF3 mixture and by using photoresist as an etching mask. The etch rates of SiC and photoresist depend on the CHF3 concentration in Ar+CHF3 mixture. A maximum value for a ratio of the etch rate of SiC to that of photoresist was found to be 1.29 for 67%Ar+33%CHF3 mixture. Diffraction efficiency of an ion-beam etched grating of 1200 l/mm grooves coated with Au was measured by using synchrotron radiation and the Al kα emission line from an x-ray tube. The diffraction efficiency of the first order was 4.5%–9.3% in the soft x-ray region between 8.34 and 120 A(ring) with a small amount of the higher order and the scattered light components. In addition, it is demonstrated that SiC can be etched in SF6 gas by synchrotron radiation excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multilayer reflectors and position sensitive detectors have been developed in constructing imaging optical systems in the 45–300 A(ring) region. Molybdenum-silicon (2d=140 A(ring), N=20) and nickel–carbon (2d=100 A(ring), N=20) multilayers were deposited on a spherical mirror (25 cm in diameter) for the normal incidence and on a segment of paraboloidal mirror (20 cm×10 cm) for 30° grazing incidence. Their optical characteristics were evaluated by using characteristic x rays and monochromatized synchrotron radiation in the 45–300 A(ring) region. A position sensitive detector is made of a tandem microchannel plate (MCP) with a CsI photocathode and resistive plate, which is placed at the focal plane of each mirror. The detection efficiency and position resolution were measured by using characteristic x rays of CKα and monochromatized synchrotron radiation in the 45–200 A(ring) region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multilayers of Pt/C, W/Si, and W/B4C have been developed as a reflector and dispersive element to be applied to the beamline optical system of the synchrotron radiation (SR) in 1- to 20-A region. Pt/C(2d=105 A, N=10) overcoated with Pt(d=100 A) is useful in a glazing incidence optics, which makes it possible to extend the wavelength region to the shorter side at the fixed incidence angle. W/Si(2d=53 A, N=200) and W/B4C(2d=31 A, N=300) are utilized as a dispersive element of double-crystal monochromator (DXM). The second order of Bragg reflection of W/Si is matched to the first order of KAP(2d=26.6 A) crystal. The characterization of these multilayers was carried out by using characteristic x rays and monochromatized SR in 1.5–8 keV. DXM was made of a combination of W/Si and KAP and a pair of W/B4C. Multilayers are used as the first crystal to protect the damage of the crystal caused by the strong irradiation of SR. A pair of W/B4C is aimed at getting high throughput. The energy resolution of these combinations was evaluated with Na–K absorption edge of NaCl around 1.07 keV, which was a bit poor compared to a pair of beryl crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 28 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Total TIMP-1 concentration in whole saliva of periodontally diseased subjects, 137 ± 67 ng/ml (mean ± SD), was clearly lower (p 〈 0.001) than that of clinically healthy subjects, 273±145, and that of edentulous subjects, 332±121. On the contrary, both active [1.58±0.35 units/ml (mean ± SD)] and total (2.08 ± 0.25) collagenase activities inTIMP-1-free whole saliva of diseased subjects were significantly higher than the activities (0.14 ± 0.14 and 0.50 ± 0.27, respectively) in TIMP-1-free whole saliva of healthy subjects. Most of the total collagenase in whole saliva of healthy subjects consisted of procollagenase, while mainly active collagenase was present in whole saliva from patients with periodontal diseases. Significant reciprocal changes of TIMP-1 and collagenase levels, that is, increase in TIMP-1 concentration and decrease in collagenase activity, were observed after the initial therapy of periodontitis patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 707 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 459-470 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die viskoelastischen Eigenschaften einer Reihe von Pfropf-Kopolymeren von Polymethylacrylat mit Styrol, die sich im Grad der Pfropfung und damit folgerichtig in der heterogenen Struktur unterscheiden, wurden mit der mechanischen Relaxation im Bereich von Glas-bis zum Gummi-Verhalten untersucht. Das Relaxationsverhalten der entsprechenden Homopolymeren war zuvor in Form von 4 verschiedenen Relaxationsmechanismen festgelegt worden; lokalisierte Relaxation verknüpft mit dem sek. Glasübergang, zwei Arten von intramolekularer Relaxation entsprechend kooperativer thermischer Diffusion von Kettensegmenten im Kurz- und Langbereich, beide verknüpft mit dem prim. Glas-Gummi-Übergang und zwischen-molekularer Relaxation, ebenfalls aufgrund kooperativer thermischer Bewegung von Kettensegmenten, aber über weite Bereiche einschl. der sog. Kettenverhakungen. Das Relaxationsverhalten des heterogenen Systems der Pfropf-Kopolymeren wurde auf Grundlage einer homogenen Spannung sowohl für das System als für die 4 verschiedenen Relaxationsmechanismen der bei-den Komponenten analysiert. Es traten zwei Typen von zusätzlichen Relaxations-mechanismen auf, die mit Grenzflächenphänomenen und mit dem Fließen ganzer Pfropfketten (Abbau) in Domänen-Strukturen zusammenhängen, sie wurden als charakteristisch für das System betrachtet.
    Notes: Summary The viscoelastic properties of a series of graft copolymers of poly(methyl acrylate) with styrene differing in the degree of grafting and, consequently, in the heterogeneous structure, were investigated in terms of the relaxation modulus function in a range from glassy to rubber flow consistencies. The relaxation behavior of the corresponding homopolymers was first analyzed in terms of the four different relaxation mechanisms; localized relaxation mechanism associated with the secondary glass transition, two types of intra-molecular relaxation mechanisms due to cooperative thermal diffusion of chain segments in short and long ranges, respectively, both associated with the primary glass-rubber transition, and inter-molecular relaxation mechanisms due to also the cooperative thermal diffusion of chain segments but in further long range including the so-called chain entanglements. The relaxation behavior of the heterogeneous system of the graft copolymers was then analyzed on the bases of the homogeneous strain hypothesis for the system as well as of the four different relaxation mechanisms for both of the two components. Two types of additional relaxation mechanisms associated with the grain boundary phenomena and with the flow of entire graft copolymer chains after melting (disintegration) of the domain structures, respectively, were investigated as characteristics of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 12 (1971), S. 104-117 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cosmic soft X-rays in the energy range between 0.14 and 7 keV were observed with thin polypropylene window proportional counters on board a sounding rocket. The field of view crossed the galactic plane in the Cygnus-Cassiopeia region at a large angle and reached the galactic latitudes of −55° and +30°. Referring also to the result with Be window counters, we obtained the energy spectrum of Cyg XR-2, the flux from the Cas A region and the distribution of the intensity of diffuse X-rays over the scanned region. The turn-over of the Cyg XR-2 spectrum at about 1 keV indicates that the distance of the Cyg XR-2 source lies between 600 and 800 pc, if the turn-over is due entirely to interstellar absorption. The flux from the Cas A region is obtained as 0.23±0.05 photons cm−2 sec−1 in the energy range between 1.1 and 4.1 keV. The intensity of diffuse soft X-rays depends on the galactic latitude more weakly than expected from the interstellar absorption of extragalactic X-rays and shows asymmetry with respect to the galactic equator, thus suggesting a contribution of galactic X-rays. The spectrum of extragalactic X-rays is approximately represented by a power lawE −1.8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 273-275 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autoradiographic studies on spleen of rats show — compared with results after cryosurgery on liver and kidney of rats — that local deep tissue freezing induces irreversible cell injuries, but the localized spleen freezing is followed by an exceptionally fast healing process. After 3 weeks, there are no proliferative mesenchymal activities in the granulation tissue 4 weeks after cryonecrosis, only a small scar can be detected on the spleen surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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