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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An automated system for the monitoring of fermentations of filamentous fungi is described. The system is based on the on-line combination of ultrafiltration, for the removal of cellular and macromolecular material from the fermentation broth, and column liquid chromatography for analysis of the filtrate. The performance of one hollow-fibre and two planar ultrafiltration modules is evaluated. The maximum sampling frequency as well as prevention from clogging by mycelium is strongly dependent on the construction of the module, best results being obtained with a planar membrane and a relatively high flow rate (150 ml/min) of the broth through a single, wide-bore (3 mm) flow channel in the module. The method is used for the study of metabolic and regulatory processes of two different Aspergillus niger strains on multiple carbon sources. The selected system can be applied for at least 70 h without any negative effect on either the fermentation or the analytical system. Through an analysis frequency of once per hour detailed information regarding consumption and production of nine different compounds could be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An automated system for the monitoring of fermentations of filamentous fungi is described. The system is based on the on-line combination of ultrafiltration, for the removal of cellular and macromolecular material from the fermentation broth. and column liquid chromatography for analysis of the filtrate. The performance of one hollow-fibre and two planar ultrafiltration modules is evaluated. The maximum sampling frequency as well as prevention from clogging by mycelium is strongly dependent on the construction of the module, best results being obtained with a planar membrane and a relative high flow rate (150 ml/min) of the broth through a single, wide-bore (3 mm) flow channel in the module. The method is used for the study of metabolic and regulatory processes of two different Aspergillus niger strains on multiple carbon sources. The selected system can be applied for at least 70 h without any negative effect on either the fermentation or the analytical system. Through an analysis frequency of once per hour detailed information regarding consumption and production of nine different compounds could be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 32 (1984), S. 45-52 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Urea herbicides ; Catalytic hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the rapid catalytic hydrolysis of phenylurea herbicides on silica gel at elevated temperatures. After derivatisation of the anilines produced with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride final analysis is done on a gas chromatograph equipped with an electroncapture detector. Detection limits are in the 1–5 picogram range. The method has successfully been applied to residue analysis of water samples at the 1 ppb level. The determination of free anilines present in water samples and the potential of various techniques to be used to discriminate between free anilines and parent herbicides are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Electron capture detection ; Improved interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An improved interface for the coupling of a liquid chromatograph (LC) and an electron-capture detector (ECD) allows the use of the LC-ECD combination for the determination of various types of chlorinated aromatic compounds. The addition of up to 6% of dioxan to the hexane used as mobile phase can be tolerated without serious deterioration of detector performance. Derivatization of polar compounds such as anilines, phenylurea herbicides, chlorophenols and hydroxylated polychlorobiphenyls with fluorine-and non-fluorine-containing acid anhydrides is a useful tool to extend the application range of LC-ECD. As an example, the analysis of a spiked soil sample is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Chemical excitation source ; Chemiluminescence detector ; Chemical band narrowing ; Dansyl derivative ; Serum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection system for liquid chromatography is described. The excitation of fluorophores is generated by the reaction of bis-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate or bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)oxalate and hydrogen peroxide, which are added to the column effluent. The influence of the solvents and the concentrations of the reagents have been investigated. The influence of the flow cell volume on sensitivity and on band broadening have also been studied and a “chemical band narrowing effect” has been observed. Different types of apparatus have been compared for detection of the emitted light. The system has been used for the detection of the dansyl derivative of a drug with a secondary amine functional group in serum samples. The detection limits are in the 1–10pg range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Trace enrichment ; Membrane extraction disks ; Triazine herbicides ; 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Membrane extraction disks have been recently introduced for the solid-phase extraction of organic compounds from aqueous samples. The material consists of alkyl-modified silica particles enmeshed in an inert PTEE matrix. Aqueous samples containing polar pesticides and herbicides, are preconcentrated on-line from acidic solutions on membrane extraction disks containing immobilized octadecyl-modified silica and analyzed with an isocratic liquid chromatographic system using PLRP-S as the stationary phase and aqueous acetonitrile mixtures (pH 3) as the eluent. Data on the lifetime and the dimensions of the preconcentration disks, and the efficiency and the repeatability of the procedure are reported. For 10 ml samples, the detection limits of the analytes atrazine, simazine and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol in tap water are 0.1–1 ppb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Ultrafiltration ; Fermentation monitoring ; Sugars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An automated on-line monitoring system for low-molecular-weight compounds (e.g. sugars) during fermentation processes is described. The applicability of cross-flow ultrafiltration, coupled on-line with high-performance liquid chromatography, is evaluated. Various detection modes for the determination of the test compounds lactose, glucose and fructose) in a complex fermentation broth are compared. In addition, the influence of some system parameters on the performance of several ultrafiltration modules for the removal of cellular and macromolecular broth constituents is investigated. A method for the fully automated determination of sugars during anE. coli batch culture in a brain-heart infusion medium is presented. With the present system five analyses can be performed every hour, using only 35μl of sample, without significant deterioration of the ultrafiltration process. Contamination by external micro-organisms was not observed and good correlation with an off-line method was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thermospray MS-MS ; Flow injection analysis ; Phenoxyacid herbicides ; Surface waters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Optimization of signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) by optimizing electron multiplier (EM) voltage and resolution of the first and second mass analyser in a thermospray (TSP), tandem mass spectrometer system is studied. Using flow injection analysis (FIA) of samples containing eight chlorophenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides and bentazone, and a FIA system, the signal and background (noise) intensity i.e. S/N are studied with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) at different EM voltages. An EM voltage of 2500 V improves the S/N ratios 5.5–13 fold compared to the usual 1700 V. Applying additional resolution voltages of +3 to +4 V to the first and second mass analyser decreases resolution in each mass analyser, but there is no overall loss in selectivity, while the S/N ratios further increase 3–4 fold. The selectivity of measurements was studied using 2,4,5-T ((2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid) and triclopyr, which differ only one mass unit in the selection of the parent and daughter ion mass in the applied SRM method. Resolution could be decreased to 36–54% valley definition, while still ensuring the selectivity. With the herbicides studied, screening of surface water samples spiked at the 1 μg l−1 level, corresponding to 25 pg component s−1 into the MS, is easily achieved under optimum conditions without analyte concentration. Some sample clean-up is recommended, however, because ionization efficiencies tend to diminish with some of the raw sample studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Zone-electrophoretic sample treatment ; Basic and acidic compounds ; Biological samples
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A modified valve arrangement for zone-electrophoretic sample treatment (ZEST)-which is coupled on-line with column liquid chromatography — is used to pretreat biological (plasma) samples. Carry-over of plasma proteins depends on the pH of the electrophoresis buffer. The determination of propranolol, metoprolol, cromolyn and salicylic acid demonstrates that both basic and acidic analytes can be isolated from the plasma matrix with high selectivity. Analogous piperazines, with different protein binding properties, were used to study the influence of protein binding on the recovery. It is shown that high protein can cause a decreased recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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