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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8041-8045 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nonlinear optical properties of CdSe quantum dots are investigated using self-saturation and degenerate four-wave mixing techniques. The saturation of the room temperature absorption coefficient, for a wavelength in the vicinity of the first exciton peak, is measured. The measured data can be predicted from a description of the quantum dot as a two level, homogeneously broadened, saturating system. The variation of the four-wave mixing reflectivity with intensity and with wavelength is reported. All four-wave mixing data are also consistent with the homogeneously-broadened two-level model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 279-281 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated a band gap shrinkage in both lattice-matched and compressive strained GaInAs/GaInAsP/InP multi-quantum well lasers. The band gap shrinkage is obtained from the broadening of the low energy side in the spectrum by considering effects of an intraband scattering and a fundamental band edge. It amounts to 20–25 meV at sheet carrier densities of above 1012 cm−2, and shows n1/1.3 dependence at low carrier densities and n1/3 dependence at higher densities. These dependencies agree well with theoretical predictions in the quantum well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5916-5918 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the first observation of theoretical predictions that, even in the case of a single acceptor level, the luminescence spectrum can have more than one peak depending on the temperature and pumping rate. Two peaks are observed: One peak (peak A) is related to the tail-impurity transition, and the other (peak B) to the band-impurity transition. The intensity of peak A is quenched at low and high temperatures, reaching its maximum value at about 30 K. At a high current and high temperature, peak B dominates and its energy increases with temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 745-747 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report nondestructive observations of both heavy-hole and light-hole excitons in the GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using photoacoustic spectroscopy. The absorption spectra were measured by the gas-microphone photoacoustic technique with a minimal volume cell and grazing incidence method. Two distinct peaks were clearly observed in the photoacoustic signal and phase spectra of the MQW at room temperature. A photoreflectance measurement for the given MQW structure revealed that two peaks originated from the heavy-hole and light-hole excitonic resonances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Degenerative disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus callosum ; Marchiafava-Bignami disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serial MRI findings of changes in corpus callosum lesions in two cases of Marchiafava-Bignami disease are presented. In both, MRI displayed diffuse swelling of the corpus callosum in the acute stage, thought to represent oedema and demyelination. In the chronic stage, in addition to atrophy of the corpus callosum with presumed focal necrosis, previously undescribed focal hypointensity on T2-weighted images, of unknown cause, was observed in the corpus callosum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 62 (1991), S. 40-43 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Power ; Performance ; Endurance runners
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between anaerobic ability and middle distance running performance. Ten runners of similar performance capacities (5 km times: 16.72, SE 0.2 min) were examined during 4 weeks of controlled training. The runners performed a battery of tests each week [maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), vertical jump, and Margaria power run] and raced 5 km three times (weeks 1, 2, 4) on an indoor 200-m track (all subjects competing). Regression analysis revealed that the combination of time to exhaustion (TTE) during theVO2max test (r 2=0.63) and measures from the Margaria power test (W·kg−1,r 2=0.18 ; W,r 2=0.05) accounted for 86% of the total variance in race times (P〈0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that TTE was influenced by both anaerobic ability [vertical jump, power (W·kg−1) and aerobic capacity (VO2max, ml·kg−1·min−1)]. These results indicate that the anaerobic systems influence middle distance performance in runners of similar abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 329-338 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of grain size on mechanical properties and dry oscillating sliding wear of Al2O3-ceramicsSpecimens with average grain sizes varying between about 0.8 μm and 12 μm were produced by cold isostatic pressing of high purity Al2O3-powder followed by sintering between 1300°C and 1700°C. Hardness, Young's modulus, bending strength and fracture toughness were measured as a function of average grain sizes. Tribological tests were carried out on the different microstructures at normal laboratory air and room temperature by using a ring-on-block tribometer.Experimental results showed the dependence of mechanical properties on grain size, hardness and bending strength obeying a Hall-Petch type relation, approximately. Coefficient of friction was relatively independent of grain size under the test conditions used. However, wear intensity increased substantially if a critical grain size was surpassed. This was due to a change in mechanisms of material removal which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopical studies of the worn surfaces.
    Notes: Aus hochreinem Al2O3-Pulver wurden durch kaltisostatisches Pressen und Variation der Sintertemperatur zwischen 1300°C und 1700°C Formkörper mit unterschiedlichen mittleren Korngrößen zwischen etwa 0,8 und 12 μm hergestellt. Untersucht wurde der Einfluß der Korngröße auf mechanische und tribologische Eigen-schaften.Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß mechanische Eigenschaften wie Härte, E-Modul, Biegebruchfestigkeit und Bruchzähigkeit von der Korngröße bzw. den Sintertemperaturen abhingen, wobei im Fall der Härte und Bruchfestigkeit näiherungsweise eine Hall-Peteh-Beziehung vorlag. Während die Reibungszahl relativ unabhängig von der Korngröße war, trat in der Verschleißintensität aufgrund geänderter Mechanismen ein starker Anstieg mit zunchmender Korngröße auf. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß der Verschleiß durch plastische Verformung, Mikrobruch, Kornfragmentierung und Deckschichten beeinflußt wurde.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we have reviewed the feasibility of using a shock wave lithotripter to loosen the interface between the bone and acrylic bone cement for revision arthroplasty. We have reviewed the physics of shock wave and its applications in medicine, especially its interaction with tissues. The calculations show that the energy is greatly reduced at the interface both in the soft tissue-bone interface and cement-bone interface. On the other hand, a tensile and compressive pressure can be operated at the cement-bone interface that can cause the interface to break if the pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the cement-bone interface.Subsequent papers will deal with in vitro and in vivo application of the shock wave in the treatment of the cement-bone interface in order to weaken it and consequently for easier extraction of bone cement from the intramedullary canal.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In order to apply the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECWSL) technique to the loosening of the bone-cement interface for the extraction of the cement during revision arthroplasty it is essential to know the dose-response characteristics. The present study shows that the number of shocks needed to break the interface between a 2- and 6-mm-thick bovine femoral bone and bone cement is similar to the fatigue behavior of a material, that is, Log(N) = C(kV) + D, where N is the number of shock impulses, kV is the power setting of the lithotripter machine in kilovolts, and C and D are constants. Iso-pressure distribution of the traveling shock wave front through a simulated bone in a Plexiglass® tube using Fuji® pressure film showed quantitative pressure contours from which one can understand the effective area of shock wave and its distribution. The most effective area of the shock wave was about 1.5 cm in diameter at 23 and 25 kV with pressure at least 7.0 MPa which is more than sufficient to break the bone-cement interface in tension.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The present study was conducted to compare the push-out strength of the treated and control samples obtained after implantation of intramedullary rod in canine femurs with bone cement to simulate the femoral stem implantation for 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Contralateral femur served as control. The result showed a significant decrease in push-out interfacial strength after shock wave treatment (average 48.4% decrease compared with control, p 〈 0.0001) which is similar to the in vitro results. There was no significant difference if the shock treatment was applied and left for 2 weeks or 4 weeks compared to the ones tested immediately after sacrifice. There were some soft tissue damage immediately following shock treatment in the focal area but this returned to normal in 2 weeks. Human cadaveric femoral bones and the canine bone (the dosage level was higher for the human bone than canine). The number of impacts used to extract the bone cement plug out of a human femur segment (5-cm long) decreased about 68% at 23 and 25 kV treatment power level. These preliminary studies indicate that the shock wave can be utilized to reduce the interfacial strength of the bone and bone cement although more studies are needed to assess its efficacy in terms of cost, long-term effect on patients and the exact mechanism of the loosening before this technique can be used clinically.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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