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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3343-3345 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous GdTbFe thin films were produced by dc magnetron sputtering in argon atmosphere at varying partial pressures of nitrogen, oxygen, and water. The compensation temperature Tcomp, the Curie temperature TC, and the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant Ku decrease strongly with increasing impurity concentration in the films. The influence of nitrogen on Tcomp and Ku is about a factor of 3 less than that of oxygen and water. The strong decrease of Tcomp and Ku is due to the preferred reaction of the impurities with the rare-earth (RE) atoms. This leads to a preferred deactivation of the latter resulting in a decrease of the rare-earth (RE) sublattice magnetization. Moreover, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is primarily based on the single ion anisotropy of the Tb atoms. If these are deactivated Ku decreases. At increasing impurity concentrations the selectivity of deactivation decreases and increasing amounts of Fe are affected. Thus, the steepest decrease of Tcomp and Ku is observed at low concentrations. For Tcomp the mean values of the slopes at concentrations below 1 at. % are 35 K per at. % for nitrogen, 85 K per at. % oxygen (Ar/oxygen atmosphere), or 125 K per at. % oxygen (Ar/water atmosphere). Ku is reduced to half its original value at concentrations of 4 at. % nitrogen, 1.2 at. % oxygen (Ar/O2), and 0.9 at. % oxygen (Ar/H2O) in the films. The Curie temperature TC decreases at a rate of about 10 K per at. % impurity. This is due to the diminishing magnetic interactions at increasing impurity incorporation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3331-3333 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GdTbCo films were rf diode sputtered from a composite target varying the argon pressure PAr and the substrate bias voltage Vb. Both the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant Ku and the aging behavior of the films depend strongly on the preparation parameters. The absolute maximum of Ku was obtained at Vb=−150 V. However, at this bias voltage nearly the highest oxidation rate of unprotected 100-nm-thick films was observed. Films of highest stability are obtained without any bias voltage. The oxidation rate is correlated with the Ar concentration in the films. It was argued recently that the anisotropy of sputtered films could depend on argon incorporation. Our results seem to rule out this mechanism since GdTbCo films prepared at zero bias show a relative Ku maximum in dependence on PAr where the argon concentration is near its absolute minimum. The magneto-optic Kerr rotation θK of the films can only be correlated with the Co concentration for zero bias films. Some additional variation depending on the bias voltage has been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 85 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 21 (1970), S. 227-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The cell-mediated response of sheep lymph nodes after stimulation with soluble and particulate antigen is described. The efferent vessel of the lymph node was cannulated and the kinetics of the response were investigated by studying the cell output. The cell output was quantitatively assessed, and the size distribution of the lymph cells analyzed by means of a Coulter Counter in combination with a multi-channel analyzer. The cell-mediated response of the lymph node consists of 3 stages. The lymph node reacts gradually according to the state and the strength of the antigen. The response is weakest for soluble antigen and strongest for particulate antigen. The possible mechanism of the immune response in the lymph node is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die zelluläre Reaktion von Lymphknoten beim Schaf nach Stimulation mit löslichen und partikulären Antigenen wird beschrieben. Dazu ist das efferente Gefäß des Lymphknotens kanüliert und der Reaktionsverlauf in kinetischen Untersuchungen an Hand des Zellausstoßes verfolgt worden. Der Zellausstoß wurde quantitativ erfaßt und mit Hilfe der Gerätekombination Coulter Counter — Vielkanalanalysator die Volumenverteilung der Lymphzellen analysiert. Die zelluläre Reaktion des Lymphknotens erfolgt in 3 Reaktionsstadien. Der Lymphknoten zeigt eine graduelle Reaktionsfähigkeit, die dem Zustand und der Stärke des Antigens angepaßt ist. Er reagiert auf lösliches Antigen am schwächsten, auf bakterielles partikuläres Antigen am stärksten. Der mögliche Reaktionsmechanismus der zellulären Immunreaktion im Lymphknoten wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 303-306 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Allergy-test by lymphocytes ; Lymphocyte-transformation test ; Stimulation of lymphocytes (test-methods)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 24 (1972), S. 247-251 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To complete previous studies on the morphology [4] the cellular composition of the bone marrow from 63 days old animals of the yellow mutant of Mastomys natalensis was investigated and discussed in terms of the myeloid: erythroid ratio (G:E-Index), the maturity indices and the maturity curves. Statistically significant differences of sex in the frequency of single cell stages within the bone marrow were found for the earliest immature stages of granulopoesis and for the monocytes. The cells of normopoesis do not show statistically significant differences in the frequency between male and female individuals.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Ergänzung zur Morphologie [4] wird die zelluläre Zusammensetzung des Knochenmarks von 63 Tage alten Tieren der gelben Mutante von Mastomys natalensis dargelegt und an Hand des G:E-Index, der Reifungsindices und Reifungskurven diskutiert. Statistisch gesicherte Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Häufigkeit der einzelnen Zellstadien im Knochenmark bestehen bei den sehr unreifen Stadien der Granulopoese und bei den Monozyten. Die Zellen der Normopoese zeigen keine statistisch gesicherten Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Individuen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 237 (1970), S. 59-61 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 374 (1989), S. 340-348 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Femur fracture ; Internal fixation ; Posttraumatic osteitis ; Non-union
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwischen 1976 and 1986 wurden in unserer Klinik 273 Patienten im Alter von 3 bis 93 Jahren wegen einer Femurschaftfraktur operiert, 79% hatten ein Polytrauma, 254 Patienten mit 269 Osteosynthesen überlebten. 52 von ihnen hatten offene Frakturen. Alle Frakturen wurden unterteilt nach Frakturlokalisation, Frakturtyp und Operationszeitpunkt. Wir sahen 36 Komplikationen (13,4%), d. h. 13 Knocheninfektionen (4,8%) und 23 Pseudarthrosen (8,6%). 40% der Patienten wurden sofort operiert, 23,4% in der ersten Woche, die anderen später. Bei den geschlossenen Brüchen zeigte die sofortige Operation 11,5% Komplikationen, Operation in der ersten Woche 14% und danach nur 5,7% Komplikationen. Wir sahen 7 Infektionen (3,5%) und 20 Pseudarthrosen (9,9%) nach 202 Plattenosteosynthesen und 2 Infektionen (4,3%) und eine Pseudarthrose (2,2%) nach 46 Marknagelungen. Trümmerbrüche hatten eine höhere Komplikationsrate (15%) als andere. Die 23 Brüche am Übergang vom mittleren zum distalen Drittel hatten prozentual die meisten Komplikationen (13% Infektionen und 21% Pseudarthrosen) gefolgt von den 115 Brüchen des mittleren Drittels mit 4,3% Infektionen und 9,6% Pseudarthrosen. Plattenosteosynthesen von Trümmerbrüchen am Übergang vom mittleren zum distalen Drittel hatten die höchste Komplikationsrate überhaupt (4 von 16). Die Gründe für die unterschiedlichen Komplikationsraten werden diskutiert. Die Zunahme der Pseudarthroseanfälligkeit von proximal nach distal wird durch die unterschiedliche Durchblutungswertigkeit der Femurschaftabschnitte erklärt, die wir in früheren Experimenten gefunden haben.
    Notes: Summary Between 1976 and 1986 in our clinic 273 patients aged 3 to 93 years underwent operation of the femur shaft because of fracture. 79% had multiple injuries. 254 with 269 fractures survived. 52 out of them had open fractures. All operated fractures were analysed concerning fracture type, fracture localization and timing of operation. We saw 36 complications (13.4%), 13 bone infections (4.8) and 23 non-unions (8,6%). 40% of the patients were operated immediately, 23.4% within the first week. Early operation of closed fracture showed 11.5% complications, operation within the first week showed 14% complications, and delayed operation only 5.7% complications. We saw 7 infections (3.5%) and 20 non-unions (9.9%) after 202 fixations with AO-plates, and 2 infections (4.3%) and one non-union (2.2%) after 46 Küntscher-nailings. Multi-fragment fractures showed considerably more complications (15%) than other types. 23 fractures in the transition from the middle to the distal third had the highest complication rate (13 infections and 21% non-unions) followed by 115 fractures in middle part with 4.3% infections and 9.6% non-unions. Fixation of multiple-fragment fractures in the transition from the middle to the distal third with AO-plates had the worst rate of non-unions of all (4 out of 16). The reasons for the different complication rates are discussed. The striking increase of complications from proximal to distal shaft regions is explained by different blood flow alterations in femur diaphysis found in former experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 153 (1970), S. 14-29 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Lymph node ; Cellular reaction ; Antigenic stimulation ; Lymphocyten ; Lymphknoten ; celluläre Reaktion ; antigene Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die efferenten Lymphgefäße des Ln.subilicus und des Ln.cervicalis superficialis werden beim Schaf nach der Technik von Hall [3] bzw. von Heitmann [9] kanüliert. Durch s.c. Injektion von xeno- und allogenen Zeilantigenen in das Einzugsgebiet des jeweiligen Lymphknotens treten starke quantitative und qualitative Änderungen im Zellausstoß auf Grund der cellulären Reaktion des Lymphknotens auf. Diese Veränderungen sind in kinetischen Untersuchungen registriert worden durch quantitative Bestimmung des Zellausstoßes und unter Anwendung der Volumenverteilungsanalyse (100 Kanal-Spektrum), die eine objektive Erfassung der qualitativen Veränderungen innerhalb der Lymphocytenpopulation ermöglicht. Sie werden dargestellt und mit entsprechenden Reaktionen des Lymphknotens nach Applikation anderer Antigene verglichen. Eine celluläre Reaktion auf die Applikation von autogenen Zellen in das Einzugsgebiet des Lymphknotens erfolgt nicht. Im peripheren Blut treten nach antigener Stimulation unspezifische Reaktionen im Sinne der vegetativen Gesamtumschaltung [12] auf, die jedoch nach Injektion autogener Zellen eine Umkehr zeigen. Als Nebenbefunde werden Verschiebungen im Blutbild bei Futterkarenz und im Anschluß an die Kanülierungsoperation sowie Verschiebungen auf Grund der endogenen Tagesrhythmik mitgeteilt.
    Notes: Summary The efferent lymphatics of the sheep of the ln. subilicus and ln. cervicalis superficialis were cannulated according to the technique of Hall [3] and Heitmann [9]. On subcutaneous injection of xenogeneic and allogeneic cellular antigen into the draining region of the respective lymph node pronounced quantitative and qualitative changes of the cell output are found, which are caused by the cellular reaction of the lymph node. The kinetic of this changes were studied by quantitative determination of the cell output and by analysing the size distribution. This method allowed a quantitative assessment of qualitative changes in the lymphocyt population. These results are compared with respective reactions of the lymph nodes after application of other antigens. There is no cellular reaction on the application on autogeneic cells into the draining region of the lymph node. Unspecific reactions in the sense of a “vegetative switch-over” [12] can be found in the peripheral blood on antigenic stimulation. They are reversed, however. after injection of autogeneic cells. Furthermore, changes in the blood after starvation and following the cannulation and changes related to the endogenous diurnal rhythm are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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