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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation and inhibition of muscle and cutaneous postganglionic neurones to hindlimb during hypothalamically induced vasoconstriction and atropine-sensitive vasodilation (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vasoconstrictors ; Vasodilators ; Muscle ; Hypothalamic stimulation ; Atropinesensitive vasodilation ; Single unit analysis ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Discharge patterns in postganglionic neurones to muscle and to hairy skin of the hindlimb of chloralose anaesthetized cats were investigated during electrical hypothalamic stimulation which induced either vasoconstriction or atropine sensitive vasodilation in the skeletal muscle. 2. Spontaneously active postganglionic neurones to muscle were activated both during hypothalamically induced vasoconstriction and active vasodilation. Stimulation of the hypothalamic vasodilator area induced mostly a sequence of activation-depression-activation in these neurones. Stimulation of cutaneous Group IV afferents elicited reflexes in these neurones; repetitive high frequency stimulation of large diameter afferents in the vago-depressor nerve produced depression of spontaneous activity followed by a postinhibitory excitation. The characteristics of these neurones fit those that would be expected of vasoconstrictors. 3. Normally inactive postganglionic neurones to skeletal muscle could only be activated during hypothalamically induced atropine sensitive vasodilation. These neurones exhibit no reflexes on somatic stimulation. The axons of these neurones conduct faster than those of the spontaneously active postganglionic neurones. It is likely that they are cholinergic vasodilator neurones. 4. Most of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones to hairy skin were activated during stimulation of both the hypothalamic vasoconstrictor and the vasodilator areas. These neurones have the characteristics of cutaneous vasoconstrictor neurones. Part of the cutaneous not spontaneously active postganglionic neurones could neither be activated from the hypothalamus nor by somatic stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587287
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmic activity in the cerebellum and spinal cord of rabbits receiving tetanus toxin intravenously (1981)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 317 (1981), S. 51-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetanus ; Toxin ; Cerebellum ; Spinal cord ; Motoneuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In rabbits intravenously injected with tetanus toxin (2×105 mouse LD50), a rhythmic electrical activity was recorded in the cerebellum and in the spinal cord. 2. The motor system appears to be strongly involved in this event, since the ventral roots displayed rhythmic activity correlated to the spinal cord rhythm. Extracellular recordings showed the same rhythmic discharge pattern in many alpha- and gamma-motoneurons and Renshaw cells of hindlimb flexor and extensor muscles. 3. Upon high spinalization at C1, the rhythm could be recorded in the cerebellum but no longer in the spinal cord. Cooling of the cerebellar surface suppressed the rhythm in both structures. 4. The data are discussed under the current view, that generalized tetanus is a special form of local tetanus. 5. We suggest that the rhythmic activity is of supraspinal origin and is transmitted to alpha- and gamma-motoneurons of both the flexor and extensor motor systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506256
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of tetanus toxin on the monosynaptic reflex (1983)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 323 (1983), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; Local tetanus ; Spinal cord ; Monosynaptic reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tetanus toxin was injected at various doses (0.1–10,000 mouse MLD/kg) into the gastrocnemius muscle of the left hind leg of the cat. The relative excitability of the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) was increased in the very early period of the intoxication decreased in the later period, during which the MSR of the gastrocnemius was either partially or totally depressed at doses as low as 10 mouse MLD/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497666
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relations between the effect of tetanus toxin on the neuromuscular transmission and histological functional properties of various muscles of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; Neuromuscular transmission ; Fast and slow muscles ; White, red, and intermediate muscle fibres ; End-plate structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various doses of tetanus toxin were injected into three hind leg and two fore leg muscles of the rat. The neuromuscular transmission was tested by recording the mass action potential of the muscles elicited by a single electrical stimulus to the motor nerve after strong symptoms of local tetanus had developed. The muscle responses were depressed and blocked at lower toxin doses in the fast tibialis anterior than in the mixed gastrocnemius latemlis, while blocking of the slow soleus required the highest dose. The extensor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscles showed medium sensitivity. In all five muscles the contraction time was measured and correlated with its individual minimal blocking dose. The more phasic (i.e., the faster) the muscle, the more sensitive its neuromuscular transmission was to tetanus toxin. The proportional distribution of red, white, and intermediate fibres, which are associated with specific end-plate types, was evaluated for the five muscles. The percentage of white fibres in the muscles displayed a very good negative correlation with the blocking dose. The relation between structures of end-plates and effects of tetanus toxin were analysed and it is suggested that the differences in sensitivity to tetanus toxin in the neuromuscular transmission in the five muscles is determined by a differential distribution of endplates with varying sensitivities to this toxin due to structural properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236739
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst (1980)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 9 (1980), S. 43-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst ; Urinoma ; Pseudocyst, perirenal ; Calcification, abdominal ; Mass, abdominal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radiologically visible calcification in the wall of a uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst is rare. This unusual finding was seen in a newborn infant who was found to have a left flank mass on the first day of life. When perirenal pseudocysts occur in infants, they are usually caused by congenital obstructive lesions of the urinary tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973970
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of chemiluminescence and rabbit alveolar macrophages in determining toxicity of coal combustion effluents (1984)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 317 (1984), S. 696-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions CL is a more rapid sensitive method for detection of RAM functional impairment than more conventional methods such as NBT dye reduction or percent phagocytosis. This is true for heavy metals such as vanadium or more complex organic mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593854
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