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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiologische untersuchungen zur ökologischen bleibelastung von männlichen gro\stadtbewohnern in Nordwestdeutschland (1980)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 46 (1980), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Environment ; Lead ; Free erythrocyte porphyrin ; Smoking ; Biological quality guide for lead ; Umwelt ; Blei ; freies Erythrocyten-Porphyrin ; Rauchen ; biologische Überwachung auf Gefahrdung durch Blei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Blutbleikonzentrationen (PbB) and FEP-Werte von 1423 bzw. 673 50jährigen Männern aus einer westdeutschen Großstadt (Köln) bestimmt. Der geometrische Mittelwert der PbB-Werte beträgt 12,8 μg/100 g, der Mittelwert der FEP-Werte 35,3 μg/100 ml Erythrocyten. Probanden, die überwiegend im Bereich der Produktion and Verarbeitung tätig waren, wiesen im Durchschnitt höhere PbB-Werte auf als die im Bereich von Büro, Verwaltung, Schule etc. Tätigen. Zigarettenraucher hatten signifikant höhere PbB-Werte als Nie-Raucher. Die höchsten mittleren PbB-Werte traten im Innenstadtbereich Bowie in drei stark industrialisierten Stadtteilen auf; in Stadtrandgebieten wurden deutlich niedrigere Werte gefunden. In dem untersuchten PbB-Bereich (3,5–56,4 μg/100 g) konnte kein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen erhbhten PbB- and FEP-Werten nachgewiesen werden. Die Bedeutung der PbB-Bestimmung als primarer Screening-Test zur biologischen Überwachung der Bevölkerung auf Gefahrdung durch Blei wird hervorgehoben.
    Notes: Summary Blood lead levels (PbB) and FEP-levels were measured in 1423 and 673 50-year-old males, respectively, from Cologne, a large West German city. The mean PbB value was 12.8 μg/ 100 g and the mean FEP was 35.3 μg/100 ml erythrocytes. Subjects working in production lines or in processing plants had higher PbB values than subjects working as employees and officers in administration, management, schools etc. Cigarette smokers had significant higher PbB values than non-smokers. The highest mean PbB values were found in the city centre as well as in three highly industrialized areas. PbB values were smaller in suburban areas. Within the range of PbB levels studied (3.5–56.6 μg/100 g), no statistically significant relationship between PbB and FEP could be demonstrated. The importance of PbB as a primary test for the biological screening of the population for lead is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intake and health effects of thallium among a population living in the vicinity of a cement plant emitting thallium containing dust (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 375-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Thallium exposure ; Cement factories ; Biological monitoring ; Thallium levels in urine ; Thallium levels in hair ; Health effects of low-level chronic thallium exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to assess the degree of thallium exposure in a population living around a thallium emitting cement plant in a small city in North-West Germany thallium levels in 24 h urine samples of 1,265 subjects and in hair samples of 1,163 subjects were determined. Urinary thallium levels in two groups of subjects living in an urban and a rural area of West Germany were determined for reference. As compared to these subjects the population living around the cement plant exhibited obvious signs of increased thallium intake. The mean urinary thallium concentration was 2.6 μg/1 and ranged up to 76.5 pg/1. In contrast, the mean urinary thallium levels of the two reference groups were 0.2 and 0.4 μg/1, respectively. Hair thallium levels of the population living around the cement plant were also markedly increased (mean: 9.5 ng/g). The major route of the population's increased intake of thallium was found to be the consumption of vegetables and fruit grown in private gardens in the vicinity of the cement plant. As was shown by chemical analyses vegetables and fruit grown in these gardens were contaminated by thallium-containing atmospheric dust fall-out caused by emissions of the cement plant. The pulmonary route of uptake as well as other sources did not seem to play a significant role in the population's exposure to thallium. Polyneuritic symptoms, sleep disorders, headache, fatigue and other signs of psychasthenia were found to be the major health effects associated with increased thallium levels in urine and hair. No positive correlation was found between the thallium levels in hair and urine and the prevalence of skin alterations, hair-loss and gastro-intestinal dysfunctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378686
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations (1983)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 51 (1983), S. 231-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Tooth-lead concentrations ; Blood-lead concentrations ; Children ; Intelligence ; Perceptual-motor integration ; Behavior ratings ; Sociohereditary background ; Multiple regression-analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results from neuropsychological tests, collected under double-blind-precautions, were evaluated for 115 schoolage children (mean age: 9.4 years) living in a lead smelter area (Stolberg, FRG). Tooth-lead concentrations (PbT) from shed incisor teeth as measures of longtime lead-exposure were available for these children (x = 6.16 ppm; range: 1.9–38.5 ppm), and for 83 of them blood-lead concentrations (PbB) were available as well (x = 14.3 μg/dl; range: 6.8-33.8 μg/dl). The following functional capacities were tested: intelligence (German WISC), perceptual-motor integration (Göttinger Formreproduktionstest = GFT, Diagnosticum for Cerebralschüdigung = DCS), reaction performance (Wiener Determinationsgerät), finger-wrist tapping-speed, and repetitive cancellation-performance (Differentieller Leistungstest). In addition standardized behavior ratings were obtained by the examiners, the mothers, and the teachers. Multiple stepwise regression-analysis (forced solution) was calculated for outcome-variables and Pb-tooth, including age, sex, duration of labor, and socio-hereditary background as covariates. Significant (P〈 0.05) or near-significant (P〈 0.1) association was established between Pb-tooth and GFT-performance (errors), reaction-performance (false reactions), and four behavioral dimensions as rated by the mothers, namely distractability, restlessness, lack of information, and wasting of time; the proportion of explained variance never exceeded 6%, however, No significant association was found between PbT and WISC verbal-IQ after the effects of “socio-hereditary background” had been eliminated, although there was still a tendency for high level-children (PbT 〉 10 ppm) to be inferior to low level-children (PbT ≦ 4 ppm) by 4.6 IQ-points after correction for confounding. There was a near-significant, inverse relationship between fingerwrist tapping-speed and Pb-blood. The results are discussed within the framework of attention-deficit disorder, and compared to neurobehavioral Pb-effects from animal-experiments, which provide suggestive evidence for a causal relationship between developmental lead-exposure and certain neurobehavioral deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead in deciduous teeth of children living in a non-ferrous smelter area and a rural area of the FRG (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 50 (1982), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Tooth lead levels ; Blood lead levels ; Current lead exposure ; Long-term lead exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lead concentrations were measured in the deciduous teeth (incisors) of 302 children living in a lead-smelter area in the FRG (Stolberg, Rheinland) and of 86 children living in a nonpolluted rural area (Gummersbach, Bergisches Land). Blood lead levels were determined in 83 of the children living in the lead smelter area. On average, tooth lead levels of children living in the smelter area (mean: 6.0 μg/g; range: 1.49–38.5 μg/g) were significantly higher than those of children living in the rural area (mean: 3.9 μg/g; range: 1.6–9.4 μg/g). Blood lead levels were 6.8–33.8 μg/100 ml (mean: 14.3 μg/100 ml). Children of lead workers had on average higher tooth lead and blood lead levels than children of people who were not lead-workers. Tooth lead levels increased with increasing duration of residence in the lead-smelter area and with the degree of local environmental pollution by lead, as indicated by the lead content of the atmospheric dust fall-out around the children's homes. The correlation coefficient of tooth lead vs blood lead was 0.47. The intra-individual variability of tooth lead levels was low (r=0.86), and tooth lead levels of brothers and sisters were similar (r=0.75), suggesting that tooth lead may be used as a representative and reliable indicator of long-term lead exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep deformation of V3Si single crystals (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 1140-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract From the experiments during steady state creep of V3Si single crystals at T=1280 to 1400° C and σ=1 to 7×107 Pa, activation volumes, 10 to 70 b 3, and activation enthalpies, 2 to 11 eV, have been derived. With deviation from stoichiometric composition a hardening effect has been experimentally established. It is suggested that the rate controlling process was due to dislocation glide and dynamic recovery by dislocation climb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of gametogenesis (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 443-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oocytes and T-prospermatogonia ; Rat ; Quantitative analysis ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte findet die sexuelle Differenzierung der Gonade zwischen dem 14. und 15. Tag post conceptionem (p.c.) statt. Während dieser Zeit teilen sich die Oogonien und deren Parallelpopulation—die M-prospermatogonien (multiplying prospermatogonia) oder I-Gonocyten—sehr häufig. Um den 17. Tag p.c. tritt die letzte Generation der Oogonien bzw. der M-prospermatogonien in die Mitose. Die Mitosen bilden häufig “synchronisierte Gruppen”. Die postmitotischen Kerne ihrer Tochterzellen—der Oocyten und der T 1 prospermatogonien (primary transitional prospermatogonia) oder II-Gonocyten—sind klein. Ihr Chromatin ist in Form gröberer Schollen der Kernmembran angelagert. Auf diese Weise kommt das typische “krustenförmige” Aussehen bzw. die Ähnlichkeit mit den Prophasen der Oogonien und M-prospermatogonien zustande. Die Oocyten durchlaufen zunächst die G1-phase (etwa 10 Std Dauer) und treten dann—am Ende des Präleptotänstadiums—in die S-phase. Dann passieren sie die verschiedenen Stadien der meiotischen Prophase und treten vom 3. Tag post partum (p.p.) ab in das Dictyotänstadium. Die T1-prospermatogonien hingegen befinden sich etwa 10 Tage lang in der G1-phase, ohne wesentliche morphologische Veränderungen aufzuweisen. Vom 4. Tag p.p. an durchlaufen sie die S-Phase. Die S-Phasen-Dauer (D-S) beider Zellarten beträgt 11.5 Std und wurde durch Doppelmarkierung mit 14C- und 3H-Thymidin bestimmt. Als am besten geeignete Termine für die Bestimmung der D-S erwiesen sich bei den Oocyten der 18. Tag p.c. und bei den T1-prospermatogonien der 5. Tag p.p. Zu diesen beiden Zeitpunkten war die Anzahl der in die S-phase ein-und austretenden Oocyten bzw. T1-prospermatogonien gleich, die Zellen in S-phase befanden sich im “steady state”. Das Kernvolumen der Oogonien und M-prospermatogonien ist etwa doppelt so groß wie das der postmitotischen Oocyten und T1-prospermatogonien. Bis zum 5. Tage p.p. nimmt das Kernvolumen der Oocyten und T1-prospermatogonien um etwa das Fünffache zu. Der Degenerationsindex der Oocyten liegt wesentlich höher als der der T1-prospermatogonien; er ist postnatal besonders hoch. Aus den T1-prospermatogonien gehen am 4. und 5. Tage p.p. durch Teilung die T 2-prospermatogonien (secondary transitional prospermatogonia) hervor. Die Kerne dieses Zelltyps sind etwas kleiner also die der T1-prospermatogonien. Die T2-prospermatogonien treten am 6. Tage p.p. in die Mitose; es entstehen die ersten A-spermatogonien.
    Notes: Summary In the rat (Wistar-WU) sexual differentiation of the gonads occurs between days 14 and 15 post conception (p.c.). At this time the oogonia and their parallel population — the M-prospermatogonia (I-gonocytes)—divide rapidly. On about day 17 p.c., the last generation of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia, frequently arranged in synchronized clusters, enters mitosis. The postmitotic nuclei of their daughter cells—oocytes and T 1-prospermatogonia (II-gonocytes)—are small; coarse flakes of chromatin are associated with the nuclear membrane causing the typical “crustlike” appearance and the similarity with the prophases of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia. After the oocytes have passed a G1-phase of approximately 10 hr, they enter the S-phase at the end of the preleptotene stage. Then they pass the different stages of the meiotic prophase until they enter the dictyate stage from 3 day post partum (p.p.) onwards. The T1-prospermatogonia, on the other hand, spend a long G1-phase of about 10 days without any conspicuous morphological change before entering the S-phase from day 4 p.p. onwards. The duration of the S-pbase (D-S) of both cell types—oocytes and T1-prospermatogonia—as determined by the double labeling method with 14C- and 3H-thymidine is found to be 11.5 hr. The most favourable time for determining the D-S was day 18 p.c. for the oocytes and day 5 p.p. for the T1-prospermatogonia. On these two days the balance was reached between the cells entering and leaving the S-phase. The nuclear volumes of the postmitotic oocytes and T1-prospermatogonia are approximately half the size of those of their precursors. Until day 5 p.p. the nuclear volumes of the oocytes and T1-prospermatogonia increase about fivefold. The degeneration index of the oocytes is considerably higher than that of the T1-prospermatogonia; postnatally it is especially high. T 2 prospermatogonia arise by mitosis of the T1-prospermatogonia on day 4 and 5 p.p. The nuclei of this cell type are smaller than those of T1-prospermatogonia. T2-prospermatogonia enter mitosis on day 6 p.p and give rise to A-spermatogonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219667
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