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  • 1970-1974  (63)
  • 1900-1904  (62)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (73)
  • Organic Chemistry  (30)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (20)
  • Crystallization  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 13 (1973), S. 295-303 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Hydroxyapatite ; Crystallization ; Kinetics ; Phosphonates ; Inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le taux de croissance cristalline de l'hydroxyapatite dans des solutions supersaturées stables de phosphate de calcium a été étudié dans des conditions reproductibles à 25° et à un pH constant de 7,4 en présence de phosphonates organiques HEDP, 1-hydroxyethylidine 1, d'acide 1-diphosphonique, NTMP, nitrilo-tri (méthylène acide phosphonique), ENTMP N,N,N′N′ éthylène diamine-tetra (méthylène acide phosphonique), TENTMP triethylène-diamine tetra-(méthylène acide phosphonique). Il semble que l'action nette d'inhibition des produits surajoutés sur le taux de croissance cristalline est en rapport avec des liaisons de chélation fortes et de substitution inerte avec les ions calcium situés au niveau des noeuds et zones de dislocations de la surface cristalline d'HAP. Les résultats de cette étude montre que le ligand ENTMP potentiellement hexadenté est plus efficace comme inhibition de croissance cristalline que le NTMP tétradenté ou le HED tridenté. L'inéfficacité générale des monophosphonates comme inhibiteurs de croissance cristalline confirme la conclusion que les ions calcium sont complexés à la surface, empêchant par suite un dépôt ultérieur de phosphate de calcium au niveau de cette zone. La concentration relativement faible de phosphonate surajouté, comparée à la concentration en ion calcium, exclut la chélation du calcium dans la solution comme facteur important de l'inhibition de croissance cristalline observée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Geschwindigkeit des Kristallwachstums von Hydroxyapatit-Kristallkeimen in stabilen übersättigten Calciumphosphatlösungen wurde unter reproduzierbaren Bedingungen studiert und zwar: bei 25°, bei einem konstanten pH von 7,4 und in Anwesenheit der organischen Phosphate HEDP=1-Hydroxy-äthylidin-1,1-Diphosphonsäure; NTMP=Nitrilo-trimethylen-Phosphonsäure; ENTMP=N,N,N′N′-Äthylendiamin-tetramethylen-Phosphonsäure; TENTMP=Triäthylendiamin-tetramethylen-Phosphonsäure. Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die deutliche Hemmwirkung dieser zugesetzten Substanzen auf die Geschwindigkeit des Kristallwachstums durch die Bildung von starken, Substitutions-unempfindlichen Chelat-Bindungen mit den Calciumionen bedingt ist, welche an Knick- und Verschiebungsstellen auf der Kristalloberfläche von HAP vorkommen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung zeigen, daß das potentiell sechswertige Anion ENTMP ein wirksamerer Hemmer des Kristallwachstums ist als das vierwertige NTMP oder das dreiwertige HEDP. Die allgemeine Unwirksamkeit der Monophosphonate als Kristallwachstums-Hemmer bekräftigt den Schluß, daß die Calciumionen an der Oberfläche als Chelatkomplexe gebunden sind, wodurch eine weitere Ablagerung von Calciumphosphat an dieser Wachstumsstelle verhindert wird. Die relativ niedrige Konzentration des beigefügten Phosphonats, im Vergleich mit der Konzentration der Calciumionen, schließt die Bildung von Calciumchelatkomplexen in der Lösung als wichtigen Faktor in der beobachteten Kristallwachstums-Hemmung aus.
    Notes: Abstract The rate of crystal growth of hydroxyapatite seed crystals in stable supersaturated solutions of calcium phosphate has been studied under reproducible conditions at 25° and at a constant pH of 7.40 in the presence of the organic phosphonates HEDP, 1-hydroxyethylidine 1,1-diphosphonic acid, NTMP, nitrilotri (methylene phosphonic acid); ENTMP, N,N,N′N′ ethylenediamine-tetra (methylene phosphonic acid); TENTMP, triethylenediamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid). It is suggested that the marked inhibitory influence of the additives upon the rate of crystal growth is due to the formation of strong, substitution inert chelate bonds with the calcium ions present at kinks and dislocations on the crystal surface of HAP. The results of this study show that the potentially hexadentate ligand ENTMP is more effective as a crystal growth inhibitor than the tetradentate NTMP or the tridentate HEDP. The general ineffectiveness of the monophosphonates as crystal growth inhibitors supports the conclusion that the calcium ions are chelated at the surface thereby preventing further deposition of calcium phosphate at that growth site. The relatively low concentration of added phosphonate as compared with the calcium ion concentration rules out calcium chelation in the bulk of the solution as a significant factor in the observed crystal growth inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Phosphate ; Inhibition ; Crystallization ; Nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The 5′-triphosphates of adenosine, guanosine, uridine, and cytidine inhibited the crystallization of calcium phosphate from stable supersaturated solutions that had been seeded with crystals of hydroxyapatite. Concentrations of the nucleoside triphosphates in the micromolar range were sufficient to have a significant effect on the crystal growth process. Diphosphate and monophosphate derivatives had less effect on the precipitation of calcium phosphate. It is possible that the nucleoside triphosphates may play a beneficial role in regulating intracellular calcification, particularly in disease states in which calcium entry into cells is pathologically high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 10 (1971), S. 1351-1364 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The swelling behavior of gelatin gels containing proteoglycans (sulphated proteoglycans from bovine intervertebral discs and a hyaluronate proteoglycan from bovine synovial fluid) when immersed in osmotically active solutions of dextran have been measured. The presence of the proteoglycans markedly affects the internal osmotic contribution to the swelling pressure of the gel. These internal osmotic pressures are considerably in excess of the sum of the osmotic activities of the individual components. This behavior is understood in terms of an entropic interaction between the gelatin and the proteoglycan molecules. By use of the “dilute solution” treatment of Flory, the osmotic pressure excesses are related to the volumes and hence dimensions of the interact acting species. A comparison of these values with those calculated by other means shows good agreement. The osmotic behavior of the complex gels can be understood on a mechanistic basis, if we regard the gelatin and sulphated proteoglycans as spheres and the hyaluronate proteoglycan as a rod.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 1792-1796 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Glycosides of Amino Sugars, II. Synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosidesThe synthesis of glycosides and disaccharides of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose has been explored using trifluoroacetyl as the N-blocking group. Because of its high tendency for neighboring group participation only β-D-glycosides were formed. The corresponding α-disaccharide could be obtained as the main product when employing 2.4-dinitrophenyl as the N-protecting group.
    Notes: Die N-Trifluoracetyl-Schutzgruppe wurde zur Synthese von Glykosiden und Disacchariden der 2-Amino-2-desoxy-D-glucose benutzt. Sie zeigte eine hohe Tendenz zur Nachbargruppen-beteiligung unter Bildung von -β-D-Glykosiden. Das entsprechende α-Disaccharid wurde als Hauptprodukt bei Verwendung der N-2.4-Dinitrophenyl-Schutzgruppe erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 2424-2427 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Di- and Polyamino Sugars, XV. XIV. Mitteil.: W. Meyer zu Reckendorf, Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1970, 287. Synthese der 2.4-Diamino-1.6-anhydro-2.4-dideoxy-D-talose. Synthesis of 2,4-Diamino-1,6-anhydro-2,4-dideoxy-D-taloseDehydrogenation of the amino reductone 1 with iodine yields a triulose which is isolated as the phenylhydrazone-phenylazo derivative 2. Spontaneous cyclization of 2 forms the 1.6-anhydro compound 3. On hydrogenation 2as well as 3are transformed into the title compound.
    Notes: Die durch Dehydrierung des Aminoreduktons 1 mit Jod entstehende Triulose wird als Bis-phenylhydrazon 2 isoliert, das die Konstitution eines Phenylhydrazon-benzolazo-Derivates besitzt. 2 cyclisiert leicht zur 1.6-Anhydro-Verbindung 3, die, wie auch 2, bei der katalytischen Hydrierung die Titelverbindung liefert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 2084-2090 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensations of Cyclic Aryl-conjugated α-Bromoketones with FormaldehydeReactions of carbocyclic and heterocyclic α-bromoketones with formaldehyde yield α-epoxy-α-methylketones or α, β-unsaturated α-(hydroxymethyl)ketones.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung einer Reihe von carbocyclischen und heterocyclischen α-Brom-ketonen mit Formaldehyd ergibt α-Epoxy-α-methyl-ketone oder α. β-ungesättigte α-Hydroxymethyl-ketone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 673-685 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 2.-3(Carboxymethylene)- and 2.-3(2-Hydroxyethylidene)-2.3-dideoxy-D-mannose  -  Monosaccharides with a Cyclopropane RingThe anhydro derivative 1 yielded the cyclopropane carboxylic ester 2 in a PO-activated olefination reaction. Under mild conditions 2 could be hydrolised to the free carboxylic acid 5. By reduction the cyclopropyl carbinol 13 and the cyclopropane carbaldehyde 21 were formed. The latter could be rearranged to the cyclobutene derivative 25. Attempts to synthesize a cyclopropanol were unsuccessful.
    Notes: Durch PO-aktivierte Olefinierung entstand aus der Anhydro-Verbindung 1 der Cyclopropancarbonsäureester 2, der unter milden Bedingungen zur freien Carbonsäure 5 hydrolysiert werden konnte. Reduktion lieferte das Cyclopropylcarbinol 13 und den Cyclopropan-carbaldehyd 21, der zum Cyclobutenderivat 25 umgelagert wurde. Die Synthese eines Cyclopropanols gelang nicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 863-867 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Compounds with Urotropin Structure, XLVII. A New Syntheses of 1,2 - and 2, 6-Disubstituted Adamantanes
    Notes: Kondensation des Pyrrolidin-Enamins von Cyclohexanon-(4)-carbonsäure-(1)-äthylester (1) mit 2-Brommethyl-acrylsäureester liefert Adamantandion-(2.6)-carbonsäure-(1)-äthylester (2). Durch selective Reduktion der Carbonylgruppe in 6-Stellung entsteht aus 2 Adamantanon (2)carbonsäure-(1)-äthylester (7). 1-Brom-adamantandion-(2.6) (8) ist durch Silbersalzabbau der aus 2 erhaltenen Säure 5 zugänglich. Aus der Bromverbindung ist durch Reduktion Adamantandion-(2.6) (12) und durch Favorski-Reaktion Noradamantanon-(4)-carbonsäure-(1) (10) erhältlich.Condensation of the pyrrolidine enamine of ethyl 4-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate (1) with ethyl 2-(bromomethyl) acrylate yielded ethyl 2.6-dioxoadamantane-1-carboxylate (2). Selective reduction of the carbonyl group at the 6-position in 2 leads to ethyl 2-oxoadamantane-1-carboxylate (7). 1-Bromo-2.6-dioxoadamantane (8) is accessible by silver salt degradation of the acid 5 obtained from 2. The bromo compound is reduced to 2.6-dioxoadamantane (12) and undergoes the favorski reaction to yield 4-oxonoradamantane-1-carboxylic acid (10).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 1810-1814 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Bicyclic Heterocyclic Ring Systems, I. Imidazo[1.2-b]-s-triazolesWhereas in basic media treatment of 3.5-diamino-s-triazole (1) with acyloins (2) merely results in acylation with formation of 4, under acidic reaction conditions condensation takes place to yield imidazo[1.2-b]-s-triazoles (3). The latter can be characterized via the 2-aminogroup as Schiff′s bases (3c and f). An independent synthesis of 3 is the reaction of 1 with the corresponding α-chlorocarbonyl compounds 5.
    Notes: Während bei der Umsetzung von 3.5-Diamino-s-triazol (1) mit Acyloinen (2) in basischem Medium nur Acylierung unter Bildung von 4 eintritt, erfolgt unter sauren Reaktionsbedingungen Kondensation zu Imidazo[1.2-b]-s-triazolen (3). Diese können über die 2-Aminogruppe als Schiffsche Basen (3c und f) charakterisiert werden. Eine Gegensynthese von 3 ist die Reaktion von 1 mit den entsprechenden α-Chlor-carbonylverbindungen 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 2998-3013 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Di- and Polyamino Sugars, XVIII. Syntheses of 2.4-Diamino-2.4-didesoxy-D-galactose and -D-glucoseSyntheses of the title compounds were accomplished by single resp. double inversion at C-4 of suitable derivatives of D-glucose. Both sugars were obtained as free hydrochlorides.
    Notes: Die Synthese der Titelverbindungen erfolgte durch ein- bzw. zweimalige nucleophile Substitution am 4-C geeignet substituierter Derivate der D-Glucose. Beide Zucker wurden als freie Hydrochloride erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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