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  • Chemistry  (7)
  • Left atrial pressure  (4)
  • 11.30.R  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Left atrial pressure and postprandial diuresis in conscious dogs on a high sodium intake (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 368 (1977), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Conscious dogs ; Sodium and water balance ; Postprandial diuresis ; Left atrial pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5 conscious, well trained, female dogs kept on a high sodium intake (14 meq Na/kg bw) were used to measureeft atrial pressure (LAP), urine volume ( $$\dot V$$ ), sodium and potassium excretion (UNa $$\dot V$$ , UK $$\dot V$$ ) as well as plasma osmolality (Posm) before and up to 180 minafter food intake. The dogs were fitted with a catheter in the left atrium (thoracotomy). In all experiments (n=23) LAP increased postprandially (pp) above fasting controls. The mean peak increase range from 4 to 6 cm H2O and was observed as early as 61–80 and as late, as 161–180 min pp. Increase in LAP was closely correlated to V which rose from 36±28 to 160±51 ul/min·kg. pp $$\dot V$$ was also correlated to pp UNa $$\dot V$$ which increased from 4.8±3.3 to 34.0±8.5 ueq/min·kg. The pp increase in LAP and its close relation to pp $$\dot V$$ and pp UNa $$\dot V$$ emphasize the assumption that intrathoracic receptors are involved in the regulation of body fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063476
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The control of sodium excretion by reflexes from the low pressure system independent of adrenal activity (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 384 (1980), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Left atrial pressure ; Sodium excretion ; Adrenal activity ; Plasma renin activity ; Conscious dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experimental increase in left atrial pressure (eLAP↗) leads to an increase in sodium excretion (UNa $$\dot V$$ ). This ‘atrial natriuresis’ is probably involved in the adjustment of sodium balance, but the mechanism is not well understood. The present studies were undertaken to examine 1. the influence of eLAP↗ on plasma renin activity (PRA) and UNa $$\dot V$$ in conscious dogs, and 2. the influence of eLAP↗ on UNa $$\dot V$$ with and without the presence of adrenal glands. Twenty-three female beagle dogs were kept under controlled environmental conditions. They had chronically implanted instruments (purse string around the mitral annulus, catheter in the left atrium, carotid loop; 5 dogs were adrenalectomized). PRA waselevated by a chronic low sodium intake (LSI). When eLAP↗ was performed (+1.0 kPa), PRA decreased by about 50% within at least 60 min. PRA was chronicallylowered by a high sodium intake (HSI). Even under HSI conditions a decrease of PRA could be demonstrated if eLAP↗ was performed (by about 50%). However both HSI and LSI dogs showed a marked increase in UNa $$\dot V$$ if eLAP↗ was performed. After the removal of the adrenals a decrease in glomerular filtration rate was observed (40% of the control values), but eLAP↗ led to a similar increase in UNa $$\dot V$$ to that found in intact dogs (Δ mean 110%). These results indicate that stretching of the left atrium leads to a reduction of tubular sodium reabsorption in a twofold manner: 1st by reduction of PRA, possibly followed by a reduction in aldosterone secretion and 2nd by activating an adrenal independent mechanism of unknown origin. This could be a direct influence of angiotensin II on the tubular reabsorption of sodium. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that reflexes out of the low pressure system are important for the adjustment of sodium balance independent of changes in mineralocorticoid activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584435
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrial natriuresis under the condition of a constant renal perfusion pressure (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 389 (1980), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Left atrial pressure ; Sodium excretion ; Renal perfusion pressure ; Conscious dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experimental elevation of left atrial pressure (eLAP ↑) by means of a reversible mitral stenosis is accompanied with an increase in sodium excretion (UNa—) and arterial blood pressure (by about 20 mm Hg, 2.7 kPa), and by a decrease in plasma renin activity. It is well established that an increase in renal perfusion pressure (Pren) can augment UNa—. Therefore the present study was undertaken to examine whether the eLAP ↑-induced natriuresis was caused by the increased Pren. — Four female beagle dogs were kept under controlled environmental conditions. They received asodium rich diet (14.5 mmol/Na/kg/d). The dogs were chronically instrumented: purse string around the mitral annulus, catheter in the left atrium, carotid loop, pneumatic cuff above the renal arteries, pressure transducer below the renal arteries. Pren was kept constant by means of a digital servofeedback control circuit. The dogs served as their own controls (13 experiments without and 15 experiments with a controlled renal perfusion pressure were performed). After eLAP↑(+1.0 kPa), UNa— rose from 4.1±2.6 to 10.3±3.9 μmol Na/min/kg. If Pren was kept constant, the corresponding values were 4.2±2.8 and 9.3±2.9 μmol/min/kg. These data clearly indicate that the atrial natriuresis is not mediated by an augmentation of renal perfusion pressure. Therefore these results support the hypothesis that atrial natriuresis probably is due to an eLAP↑-induced suppression of the renin-angiotensin-system or other natriuretic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587922
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Left atrial pressure and sodium balance in conscious dogs on a low sodium intake (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 370 (1977), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Conscious dogs ; Sodium balance ; Low sodium intake ; Left atrial pressure ; Reversible mitral stenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 10 conscious chronically prepared dogs were used. After recovery from thoracotomy (catheter into the left atrium, nylon purse string around the mitral annulus) they were kept chronically on a low sodium intake (〈0.5 meq Na/kg bw daily). On 51 days left atrial pressure (LAP) was increased for 60 min about 10 cm H2O once daily by tightening the purse string (distension period: DP). During DP urine volume ( $$\dot V$$ ) increased about threefold, and sodium excretion (E Na) about sixfold. The amount of renal sodium loss on the days when LAP was increased exceeded the daily intake considerably. The application of DOCA (15 mg i.m.) did not diminishE Na during DP and 60 min thereafter. During DP heart rate increased by about 70 b/min and mean arterial blood pressure increased by about 15 mm Hg. The data suggest that stimulation of intrathoracic receptors by a reversible mitral stenosis augments renal sodium excretion even in a state of a highly stimulated tubular sodium resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707946
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermion condensation in the field strength approach to non-abelian yang-mills theories (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 343 (1992), S. 79-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 11.30.R ; 12.38 ; 12.50.L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Within the field strength approach to Yang-Mills theories the fermionic sectors of gauge theories are bosonized for the SU(2) and SU(3) gauge group. The emerging effective meson theories are studied in the tree approximation. In this approximation the original minimal gauge coupling of the quarks to gluons is rendered into an effective local four-fermion interaction with non-trivial Lorentz and gauge structure. The Schwinger-Dyson equation is solved in the strong coupling limit and the quark condensates and constituent masses are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01291601
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Beeinflussung des Oxydationsgleichgewichtes von Eisen durch Zusätze von Gold, Silber, Kupfer oder Nickel (1955)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 281 (1955), S. 18-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Beeinflussung des Gleichgewichts 3 Fe + 4 H2O ⇌ Fe3O4 + 4 H2 durch metallische Zusätze von Au, Ag, Cu oder Ni wurde  -  wohl erstmalig im Gebiet aktiver Zustände  -  untersucht. Eine Verschiebung der Gleichgewichtslage des Grundsystems durch die zugesetzten Metalle kann nur erfolgen. wenn sie Mischkristalle mit dem Eisen zu bilden vermögen. Als Modellsubstanzen für diese Studien dienten Eisen-Nickel-Mischkristalle mit maximal 4% Nickel.Bei der Reduktion der feinverteilten Oxydmischungen wurde bei Temperaturen bis maximal 550°C Mischkristallbildung mit Kupfer, Silber oder Gold über die normale Löslichkeitsgrenze hinaus beobachtet. Beim Anlassen dieser Mischkristalle fand eine Ausscheidung der jeweiligen Zusatzkomponenten bis zur normalen Löslichkeit statt. Der damit verbundene Rückgang der Veredelung des Eisens konnte durch Messung der Gesamtdrucke der Gasphase (pH2O + pH2) genau verfolgt werden. Das Auftreten dieser scheinbar übersättigten Mischkristalle ist nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen an den aktiven Zustand des metallischen Eisens gebunden.Auf der Basis von Gleichgewichtsmessungen konnte eine Methode zur Bestimmung kleiner Löslichkeiten von Zusatzkomponenten ausgearbeitet werden. Die Löslichkeit des Kupfers in Eisen bei 450°C wurde zu 0,15 ± 0,02 Gew.-% ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19552810103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Gleichgewicht 3 Fe + 4 H2O = Fe3O4 + 4 H2 und seine Beeinflussung durch den aktiven Zustand der Bodenkörper (1955)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 280 (1955), S. 24-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Oxydation des Eisens mit Wasserdampf zu Fe3O4 unterhalb 550° C wurde im statischen System untersucht. Der wahre Wasserdampfpartialdruck über dem Bodenkörper ließ sich nach einer Methode von EMMETT und SHULTZ ermitteln.Die experimentell gewonnenen Gleichgewichtskonstanten zeigten bei Temperaturen unter 550° C in wachsendem Maße starke Abweichungen von den aus thermodynamischen Daten berechneten Konstanten. Für diese Abweichungen von der Normallage ist das bei der Oxydation in aktiver. d. h. energiereicher Form entstandene Fe3O4 verantwortlich. Bei der niedrigsten Meßtemperatur von 360° C wurde die größte Abweichung von der thermodynamischen Normallage gefunden, während sich bei 550° C Übereinstimmung zwischen den thermodynamischen Werten und dem Experiment ergab.Die bei 360 und 550° C entstandenen Fe3O4-Phasen wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Primärteilchengrößen, regelmäßigen und unregelmäßigen Gitterstörungen röntgenographisch untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit den Gleichgewichtsmessungen verglichen. Das bei 360° C entstandene Fe3O4 besaß nach Messungen der Halbwertsbreiten und der Integralintensitäten ein merklich gestörtes Gitter, wodurch der höhere Energieinhalt diese Präparates und damit die Abweichungen der Gleichgewichtsmessungen von der thermodynamischen Normallage erklärt werden können.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19552800103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    37. Reinigung von Grundwasser durch Kombination von Strippung und Biofiltration (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 1071-1071 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330650939
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein neues Verfahren der elektrolytischen Bestimmung des Zinks (1881)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 24 (1881), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18810240116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxydative Kondensationen in der Alkaloid-Biosynthese (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 724-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741814
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