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  • Clonidine  (3)
  • Altersbestimmung  (2)
  • 71.20  (1)
  • Acellular pertussis  (1)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 318 (1982), S. 288-294 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Mianserin ; Clonidine ; Desipramine ; Acetylcholine ; α2-Adrenoceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to characterize the effects of mianserin at α2-adrenoceptors. Firstly, the action of mianserin on postganglionic sympathetic fibres has been studied using the tachycardia induced by stimulation of the cardiac nerve in dogs. Mianserin increased this tachycardia, but could not prevent the inhibitory effect of clonidine in this model. However, an antagonistic effect of mianserin against clonidine was observed when animals were pretreated with desipramine. Secondly, mianserin antagonized the inhibitory effect of clonidine on the electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum. In high concentrations, mianserin reduced both electrically and acetylcholine induced contractions. Thirdly, mianserin antagonised the sleep induced by clonidine in chickens. These results are consistent with α2-adrenoceptor blocking properties of mianserin in peripheral noradrenergic fibres in dogs, in cholinergic fibres in guinea-pig ileum and in the central nervous system in chickens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 314 (1980), S. 83-87 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Guinea-pig ileum ; Presynaptic α-adrenoceptors ; Clonidine ; Morphine ; α-Adrenoceptor blocking agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to further characterize the α-adrenoceptors located on parasympathetic fibres. Segments of guinea-pig ileum were stimulated by transmural electrical pulses, and the ensuing contractions, which are due to the release of acetylcholine from postganglionic parasympathetic fibres, were monitored. Clonidine and tramazoline, which are thought to act preferentially on presynaptic α-adrenoceptors, reduced the contractions, whereas phenylephrine and methoxamine, postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor agonists, were ineffective. Contractions induced by acetylcholine were not changed by clonidine but were abolished by atropine. Yohimbine, piperoxan, phentolamine and thymoxamine reversed or prevented the inhibitory effect of clonidine. Prazosin and AR-C239 did not antagonize this effect. The inhibitory effect of tramazoline was antagonized by piperoxan but not by AR-C239 or by prazosin. Naloxone did not alter the action of clonidine, and piperoxan did not change the inhibitory effect of morphine. In conclusion, these experiments suggest the presence on cholinergic postganglionic fibres of both opiate receptors and α-adrenoceptors. The latter appear to resemble more closely α1-adrenoceptors than α1-adrenoceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 319-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Clonidine ; Yohimbine ; sleep ; REM sleep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clonidine (300 µg orally) increased in man the total duration of sleep and strikingly reduced the duration of REM sleep. Yohimbine (10 mg per os) did not alter the sleep patterns in man but antagonized the effects of clonidine. These results provide evidence that an α sympathomimetic mechanism could suppress REM sleep and increased the total duration of sleep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key wordsHaemophilus influenzae type b ; Acellular pertussis ; Vaccination ; PRP-tetanus ; Diphtheria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With an increasing number of new vaccines available for routine childhood immunization, combination vaccines are needed in order to maintain or achieve a high compliance with recommended immunization programmes. In a prospective, randomized, comparative, multi-centre study, 822 healthy infants were enrolled to receive three doses of either a candidate or a commercially available Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine concomitantly with diphtheria-, tetanus- acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. Study subjects were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (1) separate, or (2) mixed injection of DTaP and candidate Hib vaccine, or (3) separate injection of DTaP and commercial Hib vaccine. One year later the first 189 study subjects received either separate or mixed injections of the same Hib and DTaP vaccines as booster doses. Evaluation of reactogenicity was based on diary cards completed by parents. Immunogenicity was documented by measuring IgG antibody concentrations in serum samples taken before and 4 weeks after primary and booster vaccination. No serious adverse events occurred and most local and systemic reactions were mild to moderate. Booster doses were more reactogenic than primary doses with all groups. Antibody concentrations against pertussis antigens were similar to those seen with DTaP alone. All but one subject had protective antibody concentrations against diphtheria and tetanus. Primary immune response to the Hib vaccine was significantly lower in the group receiving the mixed Hib-DTaP vaccine, however, ≥95% of vaccinees had anti-Hib antibody concentrations ≥0.15 μg/ml and there was a marked booster response (〉100-fold) in all groups. Conclusions Mixing DTaP and Hib vaccines for primary immunization caused a decrease in anti-Hib antibody response, although after primary immunization as after booster doses, all subjects showed antibody concentrations considered to be protective for invasive Hib disease. Mixing of the vaccines did not result in increased reactogenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 67 (1970), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Osteologie ; Identifikation ; Pneumatisation Warzenfortsatz ; Altersbestimmung ; Geschlechtsbestimmung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Pneumatisation von 91 Warzenfortsätzen erwachsener Menschen wird mittels Röntgendensitometrie in bezug auf Alters-, Geschlechts-, Seiten- und Volumen-abhängigkeit untersucht. Dabei läßt sich nur eine geringe Abhängigkeit (10%) vom Volumen des Proc. mastoid. feststellen. In der Literatur wird ein Zusammenwirken multipler Faktoren bei der Pneumatisation des Warzenfortsatzes angenommen, wobei die Größe des Muskelhöckers von funktionellen, hormonellen und hereditären Faktoren beeinflußt werden soll. Zum Teil wird auch die Meinung vertreten, daß sein mechanisch entlasteter Innenraum je nach der „Kraft der Schleimhaut“ entweder von dieser oder von spongiösem Knochen in der Art einer „Verdrängungsreaktion“ ausgefüllt wird. Als Merkmal zur Individualidentifikation ist die Pneumatisation des Mastoides aufgrund unterschiedlicher, individualspezifischer Ausformung der Cellulae durchaus geeignet; eine Alters- und Geschlechtsidentifikation unbekannter Einzelstücke ist jedoch nicht möglich.
    Notes: Summary X-ray densitometry of 91 adult mastoid processes and their relationships to sex and age as well as to the volume of the processes was carried out. No relationship to age or sex could be determined, however, a small correlation with the volume (10%) was ascertained. The pneumatization of the mastoid process supposedly depends on multiple factors, particularly functional, hormonal and hereditary. Some, however, believe that mucous membrane or spongious bone occupy the inner spaces of the process, depending on a mutual “displacement reaction”. The mastoid process is suitable for individual identification on the basis of the specific structure of its air spaces. Age and sex determination is impossible using unknown single specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 67 (1970), S. 230-248 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Schädelnähte ; Altersbestimmung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfasung An 162 Individuen aller Altersstufen, 100 männlichen und 62 weiblichen, wird die Verknöcherung der drei großen Suturen des Hirnschädels untersucht und mit dem Alter korreliert. Dabei fand sich eine stärkere Altersabhängigkeit der Verknöcherung der inneren Nähte. Während die Verknöcherung der äußeren Nähte dem Alter linear korreliert war, wies die Regressionsfunktion der inneren Nahtverknöcherung Abweichungen von der Linearität auf. Die Verknöcherung der inneren Nähte verläuft schneller und erreicht im Durchschnitt höhere Verknöcherungsgrade. Eine Varianzanalyse zeigt, daß der in früheren Untersuchungen oft behauptete Geschlechtdimorphismus im Ablauf der Nahtverknöcherung nicht besteht, und die gefundenen geringen Differenzen zwischen den Geschlechtern zufällig sind. Bei der Berechnung der Vertrauensintervalle für eine Altersschätzung an den Schädelnähten fand sich bei 95% iger Sicherheit ein Intervall von ±32 Jahren für die äußeren und ± 25 Jahren für die inneren Nähte. Die Altersschätzung anhand der Schädelnähte ist damit sehr ungenau, so daß diese niemals allein zur Altersbestimmung herangezogen werden sollten.
    Notes: Summary Closure of the three sutures of the cranial vault is investigated in 162 individuals of both sexes, 100 males and 62 females, and correlated to age. Age dependence was found stronger for the endocranial sutures. Synostosis of the ectocranial sutures was correlated rectlinear to age, while the regression function for the endocranial sutures showed deviations from rectlinearity. Suture closure proceeds more quickly in endocranial sutures and reaches higher degrees. From an analysis of variance it could be derived, that sex-differences ln suture closure as they were reported in former investigations are due to chance. Sex really does not show any influence on suture closure. Calculation of the confidence intervals for prediction of age from the degree of synostosis of vault sutures assured, that estimation of age from the cranial sutures is very unreliable. The 95% confidence interval was ± 32 years for the ecto- and ± 25 years for the endocranial sutures. Synostosis of the sutures by it's own may therefor never be employed as an estimation of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 71.28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated hole doped (by lithium) and electron-doped (by nickel metal) NiO with photoemission (PES), inverse photoemission (IPES) and low and high energy electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Both types of doping create empty states approximately in the middle of the charge transfer gap of undoped NiO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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