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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Interleukin-2 ; Intralymphatic treatment ; AIDS ; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ; Immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To improve immune functions in an interleukin-2 (IL-2) deficient hemophiliac AIDS patient suffering from severePneumocystis carinii pneumonia, treatment with IL-2 was started in addition to standard antimicrobioal therapy. Highly purified IL-2 was administered subcutaneously and then repeatedly intralymphatically in a manner similar to pedal lymphography. No toxicity was observed. The patient temporarily improved clinically as well as with regard to immunological functions. Particularly the in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) could partly be restored, and skin tests revealed improved response to recall antigens. These findings indicate that IL-2 can be administered safely and effectively by the intralymphatic route and may — in addition to antibiotics — be of value in AIDS patients with severe opportunistic infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; T-lymphocyte ratio's ; Lymphocyte proliferation ; Lymphadenopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peripheral blood of 6 homosexual men with lymphadenopathy associated with fever, weight loss and night sweat, 13 homosexuals with lymphadenopathy without further clinical symptoms, 13 healthy homosexuals and 20 healthy hetero-sexual blood donors was evaluated for different lymphocyte subpopulation, mitogen induced T-cell proliferation and Gamma-interferon production. In the six patients with lymphadenopathy lymphocyte subpopulations were also analysed in lymphnode-biopsies. Delate type hypersensitivity was established by skin test's using different recall antigens. Sera of all homosexual men were screened for immunoglobulin levels, complement activity, presence of immunocomplexes and autoantibodies. Most of the homosexuals with lymphadenopathy but without clinical symptoms and all patients with lymphadenopathy associated with clinical symptoms had a significantly decreased helper-(OKT 4) suppressor- (OKT 8) cell ratio. In contrast, the OKT 4/OKT 8 ratio was found to be normal in lymphocyte suspension from lymphnodebiopsy from the 6 patients with lymphadenopathy and clinical symptoms. Within the group of healthy homosexuals this ratio exhibited a rather large variation, in three of the tested persons the ratio was below 1. No functional abnormalities of T-cell immunity were observed in the homosexual men as compared to the control group, with the exception of a significantly increased LAG- and PWM-induced lymphocyte proliferation in the group of healthy homosexual men. Likewise no significant differences were obtained with regard to the further analysed immunological parameters. It is concluded that the obtained immunological results do not provide the possibility to define persons at immediate risk for the development of AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Key words Rheumatoid arthritis ; matrix-metallproteinases ; cysteine proteinases ; surrogate markers ; Schlüsselwörter Rheumatoide Arthritis ; Matrix-Metalloproteinasen ; Cysteinproteinasen ; Aktivitätsmarker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufgabenstellung: Die entzündliche Aktivität der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) spiegelt sich nur unzureichend in Laborparametern wider. Proteolytische Enzyme, die an der Gelenkzerstörung beteiligt sind, könnten geeignete Marker der Krankheitsaktivität darstellen. Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die Wertigkeit von zwei Proteasenfamilien, der Matrix-Metalloproteinasen und der Cysteinproteinasen Cathepsin B, H and L und ihrer jeweiligen Inhibitoren für die Beurteilung der klinischen Aktivität der RA. Methoden: Die Proteinkonzentration von Cathepsin B und L sowie der Cathepsininhibitoren Stefin A, Stefin B und Cystatin C wurden mittels ELISA-Technik in den Seren von 20 RA Patienten und 20 Kontrollpersonen gemessen. Zusätzlich wurde die proteolytische Aktivität von Cathepsin B, H und L im Serum bestimmt. Vergleichend wurden außerdem die Plasmakonzentrationen von MMP-1 (Kollagenase), MMP-3 (Stromelysin), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) sowie von MMP-1/TIMP-1 Komplex (MT komplex) im ELISA ermittelt. Ergebnis: Im Plasma von RA Patienten wurde eine signifikante Erhöhung von MMP-1 und MMP-3 sowie von MT Komplex gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe nachgewiesen, während die Konzentration von TIMP-1 in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar war. Im Gegensatz dazu waren weder Serumaktivität noch die Proteinkonzentration von Cathepsinen oder Cathepsininhibitoren bei RA-Patienten erhöht. Schlußfolgerung: Trotz vielfältiger Hinweise für die Beteiligung von Cathepsinen an der Pathogenese entzündlicher Gelenkerkrankungen ist ihre Konzentration und ihre Aktivität in der Blutzirkulation von RA Patienten nicht nennenswert erhöht. Im Kontext anderer Arbeiten betont die Erhöhung von MMP-1, MMP-3 und MT-Komplex bei RA-Patienten deren Rolle als Parameter der Krankheitsaktivität, verglichen mit Cystein-Proteinasen und deren Inhibitoren.
    Notes: Summary Objective: The clinical activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not reliably reflected by laboratory measures. Proteolytic enzymes involved in the cascade of joint destruction are potentially useful parameters to monitor the extent of joint inflammation in RA. This study compares the validity of two classes of proteolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and lysosomal cysteine proteinases (cathepsin B, H, and L) as well as their respective inhibitors to serve as parameters of RA disease activity. Methods: The proteolytic activity of cathepsins B, H, and L was determined by fluorometry in sera of 20 patients with active RA and of 20 healthy donors. In addition, the concentrations of cathepsin B and L as well as of cathepsin inhibitors stefin A, stefin B, and cystatin C were measured by ELISA. The plasma concentrations of MMP-1 (collagenase), MMP-3 (stromelysin), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and of MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex (MT complex) were analyzed by ELISA as well. Results: A significant increase of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MT complex was observed in RA plasma, compared to normal controls, whereas TIMP-1 concentrations did not differ. In contrast, neither serum activity nor protein concentration of any of the cathepsins or cathepsin inhibitors were elevated in RA. Conclusion: Despite ample evidence in the literature that cathepsin activity contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease, this is not reflected by the conditions in peripheral blood. In contrast to the cysteine proteinases, MMP-1 and MMP-3 as well as MT complex are elevated in RA. In the context of findings in the literature, this stresses the importance of MMP as disease activity markers, compared to cysteine proteinases or their inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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