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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of somatostatin-containing nerves in the aganglionic colon of human and rat (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 372-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aganglionosis ; Man ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SOM-LI) nerves was elucidated immunohistochemically in the gut tissues from patients with Hirschsprung's disease and congenital aganglionosis rats. In the normoganglionic human colon, SOM-LI nerve cell bodies were found to a greater extent in the submucous plexus and to a lesser extent in the myenteric plexus. However, they were rarely observed in both the plexuses of the oligoganglionic segment. SOM-LI nerve fibres were widely distributed in the aganglionic bowel. The circular muscle layer of the distal aganglionic segment was densely innervated by SOM-LI nerve fibres which are probably derived from the extrinsic, hypertrophic nerve bundles. A decreased number of the intramuscular nerves fibres were seen in the proximal aganglionic segment. In the colon and rectum from adult and 21-day-old rats, SOM-LI cell bodies were numerous in both plexuses. On the other hand, enteric neurons were completely lacking from the colon and rectum of congenital aganglionosis rats of 21 days old. No neuronal elements staining for SOM were disclosed in these aganglionic segments of mutant rats. A possible origin and pathophysiological role of the extrinsic nerve fibres containing SOM in the diseased bowel are discussed. It is concluded that SOM-LI nerves in the human distal colon comprise both intrinsic and extrinsic elements, while SOM nerves in the rat colon and rectum are of only intrinsic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the normoganglionic and aganglionic segments of human colon (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hirschsprung's disease ; Aganglionosis ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localisation and distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity were studied by use of immunohistochemical methods in gut tissues from 19 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, including 4 cases of long segment aganglionosis. In the normoganglionic segment, immunoreactive cell bodies and nonvaricose processes were seen within both myenteric and submucous plexuses. A scarce supply of varicose fibres was found in the lamina propria mucosae, muscularis mucosae and longitudinal muscle layer. NPY fibres were more frequently encountered in the circular muscle layer, although with a weakly immunostaining intensity. In addition, blood vessels in the submucosal connective tissue were surrounded by a typical plexus of varicose, NPY-positive fibres. Immunoreactive endocrine cells could be detected in the colonic epithelium. In the aganglionic segment, numerous nerve fasciculi comprising a small to moderate number of NPY fibres with varicosities were observed throughout the entire layer of the colonic wall. A few varicose, NPY-positive fibres were also contained in the relatively large, hypertrophic nerve fasciculi located in the intermuscular zone and submucosal connective tissue. NPY-immunoreactive fasciculi were more densely distributed in the distal aganglionic segment than in the proximal aganglionic one. On the other hand, the distribution of NPY-positive fibres in long segment aganglionosis was quite different from that in short segment type; in cases of long segment type, no immunoreactive nerve fibres were detected within the circular muscle layer of the proximal aganglionic segment near the oligoganglionic segment and only a few fibres were observed within the hypertrophic nerve bundle of the intermuscular zone. The present results suggest that NPY-like immunoreactive nerves in the human colon have a dual origin of intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The origin and nature of extrinsic NPY nerve fibres in the human colon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294605
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computed tomography study of Alzheimer's disease by regional volumetric and parenchymal density measurements (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 233 (1986), S. 164-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Computed tomography ; Cerebral atrophy ; Parenchymal density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventeen patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and 13 healthy age-matched controls were studied by means of computed tomography (CT). To assess cerebral atrophy, regional volumetric measurements and parenchymal density measurements were performed. The results indicate that: (1) Alzheimer patients show diffuse cerebral atrophy in the early stage; (2) the evaluation of lobar atrophy by means of CT is useful for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; (3) the evaluation of parenchymal density by means of CT is not as sensitive as the evaluation of lobar atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314425
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computed tomography study of Alzheimer's disease (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 229 (1983), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebral atrophy ; Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Computed tomography (CT) ; Measurement method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie beruht auf vergleichende CT-Verlaufsuntersuchungen über die Entwicklung hirnatrophischer Vorgänge bei 18 Patienten mit klinisch diagnostizierter Alzheimerscher Krankheit und einer Kontrollgruppe von 14 altersentsprechenden Gesunden. Mit computerisierter planimetrischer Methode in 3 Ebenen wurden der Subarachnoidal-Volumen-Index (SVI) und der Ventrikel-Volumen-Index (VVI) als Parameter für das Ausmaß der korticalen Atrophien bzw. der ventrikulären Dilatationen errechnet. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich folgende Schlüsse ziehen: 1. Die cerebrale Atrophie beim Alzheimer-Patienten könnte eher vom Krankheitsprozeß abhängig sein als von physiologischen Altersvorgängen des Gehirnes. 2. Der Grad der Atrophien nimmt mit fortschreitenden klinischen Stadien zu. Dabei sind die korticalen Atrophien bereits in frühen Stadien erkennbar, während die Ventrikelerweiterungen erst in späteren erscheinen. 3. CT könnte einer der nützlichsten klinischen Tests für die Diagnostik der Alzheimerschen Krankheit sein.
    Notes: Summary Computed tomography (CT) was used to study cerebral atrophy in 18 patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease of presenile type and in 14 healthy age-matched subjects as controls. Using the computerized planimetric method, Subarachnoid Space Volume Index and Ventricle Volume Index were calculated as the measure of cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation respectively. From the results the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The cerebral atrophy in Alzheimer patients could be attributable to the disease processes rather than to physiological aging of the brain. 2. The degree of atrophy increases in parallel with the progress of the clinical stage, and the cortical atrophy is already apparent at an early stage, whereas the ventricular dilatation becomes pronounced at later stages. 3. CT could be one of the most useful clinical tests available for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313444
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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