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  • Major histocompatibility complex antigens  (2)
  • Aging  (1)
  • Excitatory-inhibitory rotational stimuli  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological study of mononuclear cell infiltrate in malignant gliomas (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioma ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Cellular immunity ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty-five malignant gliomas (astrocytomas grade 3 and 4 and glioblastomas) were examined by means of immunoperoxidase staining on frozen tissue using various monoclonal antibodies directed against macrophages, lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Depending on the antibody used, the presence of macrophages in tumours ranged from 85%–100%. Many of the tumours contained substantial numbers of macrophages not only, as expected, in necrotic areas but also in intact tumour tissue. Eighty-nine percent of 39 tumours tested contained Fc receptorbearing mononuclear cells in viable tumour. In 100% of 44 tumours tested for HLADR class 2 major histocompatibility complex antigen this antigen was detected in the macrophages. In 40% of these 44 cases, HLADR antigen was also present on the tumour cells. Eighty-eight percent of 53 tumours tested contained T cells in viable tumour and the majority of these cells were T cytotoxic/suppressor (T8). Twenty-four percent of 33 tumours contained no T helper/inducer (T4) lymphocytes and in the other 76% there were few positive cells. Only 9% of 21 tumours contained natural killer cells (NK). B cells were absent from 88% of 61 tumours and almost all of the remainder contained only a small number of B cells. The findings are discussed with reference to a possible host immune response to gliomas and relevant literature is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688191
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mononuclear cell infiltrate and HLA-DR expression in low grade astrocytomas (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocyte ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens ; Cellular immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen samples from 23 low grade (grade I and II) astrocytomas were studied by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to macrophages, lymphocytes (and their subsets) and HLA-DR antigens. Macrophages were present in low to moderate numbers in 38%–86% of cases, the variance in figures depending on the antibody used. T lymphocytes, the majority of CD8 phenotype, were detected in low numbers in 78% of tumours. B lymphocytes were scanty in 22% (5/22) and totally absent in the remaining cases. HLA-DR antigen was expressed by tumour cells in 35% (6/17) of cases. These findings indicate that in some low grade astrocytomas there is a mononuclear cell infiltrate with macrophages and secondarily CD8+lymphocytes playing the major role. The significance of these findings remains speculative at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afferent activity recorded during rotation from single fibres of the posterior nerve in the isolated frog labyrinth (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 312-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Isolated frog labyrinth ; Excitatory-inhibitory rotational stimuli ; First order canal neuron dynamics ; Non-linearities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary EPSPs and spikes were recorded at rest and during rotation from single fibres of the posterior nerve in the isolated frog labyrinth. The spike discharge properties of 57 units were examined at rest and during repetitive acceleratory-velocity steps. Forty of these units were subjected to excitatory steps of 5–12 s duration and 45% displayed an evident discharge adaptation. In the non-adapting units, the excitatory response also deviated from that expected on the basis of the torsion-pendulum model and exhibited an exponential time-course in only 36% of the fibres examined. The time constant T2 of the response rising phase was significantly longer than that of the decay (2.5 s versus 1.7 s). When all the 57 units were considered, a linear behaviour was found in 67%. The average gain in these linear units was 1.9 ± 1.4 spikes · s−1/deg · s−2. Adaptive fibres exhibited a lower resting firing rate and a higher gain (3.8 spikes/s and 2.3 spikes · s−1/deg · s−2, respectively) when compared with the non-adapting ones (7.1 spikes/s and 1.5 spikes · s−1/deg · s−2). An undershoot was present in 57% of the units; it increased with acceleration and was not strictly related to adaptation. Fifteen of the 40 units tested with the 5–12 s duration excitatory steps survived repeated inhibitory accelerations of the same duration. In these units a marked response asymmetry was evident since their resting activity could be abolished by accelerations not larger than 10 deg/s2. In 40% of the units inhibited by acceleration the mean response was proportional to the stimulus logarithm, while the others saturated for weak stimulations. A consistent overshoot of the discharge was evident in most of the units (60%). Analysis of the EPSP emission rates demonstrates that even a 10–20% increase in their frequency during excitation results in a two-three fold increase in the corresponding spike frequency. Similarly, a decrease of 15–35% in their numbers during inhibition is sufficient to completely block the spike firing. These findings reveal the high sensitivity of the afferent synapse, spike discharge being modulated by slight modifications in the release of the excitatory transmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238850
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptophysin in spinal anterior horn in aging and ALS: an immunohistological study (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 1317-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Aging ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; synaptophysin ; brain aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aged-related spinal cord changes such as neuronal loss have been related to the degree of clinical severity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); morphological data on synapses are, however, wanting. Variations in synaptophysin (Sph) expression in aging and ALS were thus studied at the level of lower motor neurons in 40 controls with non-neurological diseases and 11 cases of ALS. Control sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded cervical (C7/8), thoracic (T10) and lumbar spinal cord (L5) and C6, C7, C8 and L5 of ALS cases were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, luxol fast blue (LFB), and immunostained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against Sph. The neuropil of the anterior horn (AH) in all control cases demonstrated Sph positivity. A dot-like pattern of positivity of presynaptic terminals on soma of motor neurons and fine immunoreactivity along neuronal processes were observed. A significant reduction of Sph immunostaining was observed in the neuropil with increasing age and 3 different somatic patterns were seen: a-well preserved Sph reactivity around the soma and the proximal dendrites of histologically normal neurons; b-few chromatolytic neurons showing large numbers of dot-like presynaptic terminals around the cell body and in a “fused” pattern; c-intense, diffuse, and homogeneous reactivity of some neurons. Attenuation of Sph reactivity in the AH neuropil, to its complete loss, was observed in all ALS cases. In addition to patterns a-c, two additional microscopic findings were noted in ALS: d-chromatolytic neurons showing complete absence of Sph reactivity; e-absence of Sph reactivity around the soma and the proximal dendrites of histologically normal surviving neurons. Our findings demonstrate that there is a decrease in Sph immunostaining with aging, thus suggesting an alteration in dendritic networks of the AH with aging. Changes in the pattern of Sph immunoreactivity in cell bodies may represent synaptic plasticity and/or degeneration. Reinnervation may also be a possible mechanism as a response to neuronal loss in oldest control cases. Sph reactivity results may thus lend support to the presence of superimposed aging components in ALS cases which may give an insight into explaining the increasing severity of the disease which is encountered with advancing age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271192
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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