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  • Agropyron  (3)
  • Nitric oxide  (3)
  • Sorghum bicolor  (3)
  • anther culture  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of hyperthermic brain injury. Influence of a new anti-oxidant compound H-290/51 (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Heat stress ; Nitric oxide ; Cell injury ; Antioxidant ; H-290/51Blood-brain barrier ; Brain edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of brain injury caused by heat stress (HS) was examined using neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry in a rat model. In addition, to find out a role of oxidative stress in NOS upregulation and cell injury, the effect of a new antioxidant compound H-290/51 (Astra Hässle, Mälndal, Sweden) was examined in this model. Subjection of conscious young rats to 4 h HS in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator at 38°C resulted in a marked upregulation of NOS in many brain regions compared to control rats kept at room temperature (21 ± 1°C. This NOS immunoreactivity was found mainly in distorted neurons located in the edematous regions not normally showing NOS activity. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, increase in brain water content and marked neuronal, glial and myelin reaction were common findings in several brain regions exhibiting upregulation of NOS activity. Pretreatment with H-290/51 significantly attenuated the upregulation of NOS in rats subjected to HS. In these animals breakdown of the BBB permeability, edema and cell changes were considerably reduced. Our results suggest that hyperthermic brain injury is associated with a marked upregulation of NOS activity in the CNS and this upregulation of NOS and concomitant cell injury can be reduced by prior treatment with an antioxidant compound H 290/51. These observations indicate that oxidative stress seems to be an important endogenous signals for NOS upregulation and cell reaction in hyperthermic brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345249
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal cord evoked potentials and edema in the pathophysiology of rat spinal cord injury (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord evoked potentials ; Edema ; Cell changes ; p-CPA ; Diazepam ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early bioelectrical disturbances following spinal cord injury in relation to the later pathophysiology of the spinal cord was examined in a rat model of spinal cord trauma. A focal trauma to the rat spinal cord was produced by an incision of the right dorsal horn of the T 10–11 segments under urethane anaesthesia. The spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) were recorded using epidural electrodes placed over the T9 and T12 segments of the cord following supramaximal stimulation of the right tibial and sural nerves in the hind leg. Trauma to the spinal cord significantly attenuated the SCEP amplitude (about 60%) immediately after injury which persisted up to 1h. However, a significant increase in SCEP latency was seen at the end of 5h after trauma. These spinal cord segments exhibited profound upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, and the development of edema and cell injury. Pretreatment with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor drug p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) or an anxiolytic drug diazepam significantly attenuated the decrease in SCEP amplitude, upregulation of NOS, edema and cell injury. On the other hand, no significant reduction in SCEP amplitude, NOS immunolabelling, edema or cell changes were seen after injury in rats pretreated with L-NAME. These observations suggest that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early disturbances of SCEP and contribute to the later pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345253
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain derived neurotrophic factor and insulin like growth factor-1 attenuate upregulation of nitric oxide synthase and cell injury following trauma to the spinal cord (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Brain derived neurotrophic factor ; Insulin like growth factor-1 ; Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord injury ; Edema ; Cell injury ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF) induced neuroprotectivn is influenced by mechanisms involving nitric oxide was examined in a rat model of focal spinal cord injury. BDNF or IGF-I (0.1 μg/10 [1 in phosphate buffer saline) was applied topically 30 min before injury on the exposed spinal cord followed by repeated doses of growth factors immediately before and 30 min after injury. Thereafter application of BDNF or IGF was carried out at every 1 h interval until sacrifice. Five hours after injury, the tissue pieces from the T9 segment were processed for nNOS immunostaining, edema and cell injury. Untreated injured rats showed a profound upregulation of nNOS which was most pronounced in the nerve cells of the ipsilateral side. A marked increase in the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability to125I-albumin, water content and cell injury in these perifocal segments was also found. Pretreatment with BDNF and IGF significantly reduced the upregulation of nNOS in the spinal cord. This effect of the growth factors was most pronounced in the contralateral side. Rats treated with these neurotrophic factors showed much less signs of BSCB damage, edema and cell injury. These results suggest that BDNF and IGF pretreatment is neuroprotective in spinal cord injury and that these neurotrophic factors have the capacity to down regulate nNOS expression following trauma to the spinal cord. Our data provide new experimental evidences which suggest that BDNF and IGF may exert their potential neuroprotective effects probably via regulation of NOS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345252
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New hybrids between Agropyron and wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Embryo culture ; Chromosome pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum (2n=42,AABBDD) with Agropyron ciliare (2n= 28,SSYY), A. trachycaulum (2n=28,SSHH), A. yezoense (2n=28,SSYY) and A. scirpeum (2n=28) are reported for the first time. F1 hybrids of T. aestivum were also produced with A. intermedium (2n=42,E1E1E2E2Z1Z1) and A. junceum (2n=14,JuJu). All wheat-Agropyron hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique. Cultivars and reciprocal crosses differed for seed set, seed development and F1 plant production. The F1 hybrids were sterile. Attempts to obtain amphiploids were unsuccessful. However, backcross derivatives were obtained with wheat as the recurrent parent. The level of chromosome pairing in A. trachycaulum x wheat, A. yezoense x wheat and wheat x A. junceum hybrids provided no evidence of homologous or homoeologous pairing. Mean pairing frequencies in A. ciliare x wheat, wheat x A. scirpeum and wheat x A. intermedium hybrids indicated homoeologous or autosyndetic pairing. Ph gene was more effective in regulating homoeologous pairing in A. yezoense x wheat hybrids than in A. ciliare x wheat hybrid. Chromosome pairing data of BC1 derivatives indicated that either some of the wheat chromosomes were eliminated or Agropyron chromosomes caused reduced pairing of wheat homologues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265184
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic resistance in sorghum to head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Calorcoris angustatus ; head bug ; host-plant resistance ; mirid ; Sorghum bicolor ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Leth., is an important pest of grain sorghum. We screened nearly 15000 germplasm accessions for resistance to this pest between 1980 and 1990 under natural and headcage conditions. Data were recorded on bug numbers, grain damage (1 = highly resistant the 5 = highly susceptible), and seed germination. Under natural conditions, 34 genotypes suffered moderate levels of grain damage (damage rating (DR) 1.7 to 2.9) compared with a DR of 4.0 to 4.6 in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. IS 17610, IS 17645, IS 21444, IS 19948, IS 25069 and IS 19949 suffered a DR of less than three, and harbored less than 150 bugs/panicle compared with a DR of 4.3 to 4.7, and 248 to 353 bugs/panicle in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9 when infested under headcage with 5 pairs of bugs/panicle. IS 18274, IS 20664, IS 20059, IS 25069, and IS 19951 had 150 to 300 bugs/panicle but suffered moderate levels of grain damage (DR less than 3), while the reverse was true in case of IS 8064, IS 19455, IS 19955, IS 20024, IS 20740, IS 23627, IS 2761, and IS 9692. During the 1989 rainy season, IS 14108, IS 17610, IS 17618, IS 17645, IS 19949, IS 19950, IS 19957, IS 20068, IS 25760, IS 27452, IS 27477 and IS 27329 suffered moderate levels of grain damage when infested with 5 and 10 pairs of bugs/panicle, and recorded more than 80% seed germination compared with a DR of 3.9 to 5.0, and seed germination of 15–18% in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. There is a considerable diversity in the genotypes resistant to head bugs, and attempts should be made to transfer the resistance into agronomically acceptable cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025250
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cytoplasmic male-sterility in sorghum on host plant interaction with sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Sorghum midge ; Contarinia sorghicola ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; host plant resistance ; resistance mechanisms ; sorghum ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola Coq. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum worldwide. We studied the reaction of midge-resistant and midge-susceptible genic-cytoplasmic male-sterile (A-lines) and their maintainers (B-lines), and the effect of resistant and susceptible restorers on sorghum midge. Midge damage and adult emergence were significantly lower on the B-lines of midge-resistant genotypes (PM 7061 and PM 7068) than their corresponding A-lines, while the reverse was true for the midge-susceptible genotypes (296A and ICSA 42). Differences in midge damage and the number of midges emerged were not significant between the midge-resistant and midge-susceptible A-lines when infested without pollination (except midge emergence on PM 7061A). Pollination with a midge-resistant restorer (DJ6541) reduced midge emergence significantly in one of two seasons. Source of pollen did not influence midge emergence on the highly-resistant A-line, PM 7061A. The implications of these observations in the development of midge-resistant hybrids were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033764
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current status of wide hybridization in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 17-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum ; Aegilops ; Secale ; Agropyron ; Elymus ; Haynaldia ; Hordeum ; wide hybridization ; intergeneric crosses ; alien gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Current status of wide hybridization in wheat is considered in the light of the number of hybrids produced, the number of genes transferred to commercial cultivars and their use in world wide agricuture. Some original results are presented and results of other authors are compiled to provide update information regarding wide crosses in wheat. Barriers to wide hybridization and progress made in overcoming such barriers are discussed. Areas requiring more research are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036860
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wheat anther culture: effect of genotype and environmental conditions (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 24 (1991), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: anther culture ; cultivars ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-two cultivars and lines of winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied, most for the first time, for their anther culture response. The response was genotype dependent. Plants grown in the field gave higher callus induction frequency than those grown in the greenhouse and the controlled environment chamber. Donor plants grown in a season of low drought stress as compared to a season of severe drought stress resulted in a higher frequency of callus induction. Spherical microcalli were observed in two wheat genotypes in some of only those anthers that were placed with only one loculus in contact with the medium. Wheat lines that were more responsive to anther culture were identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033482
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic variation in anther culture and effect of ovary coculture in durum wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 59 (1999), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: androgenic potential ; anther culture ; anther-ovary coculture ; durum wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response of anthers to in vitro culture and the effect of coculture of ovaries on anther culturability have been studied in responsive and recalcitrant cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) from Morocco and ICARDA. A large genotypic-dependence of anther culture has been shown in 18 cultivars. Their response in term of callus and embryo induction varied from 0 to 13%. Coculture of ovaries with anthers enhanced the response of the most responsive genotype (cv. Sarif) and removed the recalcitrance in Cocorit and Isly cultivars. However, there was no effect of anther-ovary coculture on green plant regeneration. The implication of the genome and the media conditioning by the ovaries on anther response is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006399512217
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anther culture and chromosome reduction in wheat × Thinopyrum wide crosses (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 57 (1999), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: anther culture ; intergeneric crosses ; interspecific crosses ; wide crosses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There is little information on the anther culture response and cytogenetic nature of pollen-derived calli and regenerants of wide crosses in wheat. The anther culture response of three Thinopyrum species (wheatgrasses), their hybrids and backcrosses with wheat, and the chromosome composition of calli and regenerants were studied to determine the feasibility of efficient chromosome elimination and production of alien addition lines from wide crosses by anther culture in comparison with conventional backcrossing and selfing. Wide hybrids between wheat and wheatgrasses had up to a 2% callus induction response. Pollen sterility of wide hybrids and recalcitrance of wheatgrass parents may largely be responsible for their low response, in addition to culture stage, media and environmental factors. Anther culturability improved in backcrosses as the proportion of wheatgrass chromosomes decreased and fertility increased. Overall the wheat × Th. trichophorum cross had the best response; that is up to 37% callus induction from some BC2 plants. A large variation was found in chromosome numbers in callus roots examined in the BC2 generation. Mixoploidy was frequent. Data indicated that the chromosome numbers in the pollen-derived organs/plants can be reduced to produce alien addition lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006348107665
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