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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human atrial natriuretic peptide ; Sodium ; Primary hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of α-human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) were measured in 17 patients with primary hypertension (11 females, 6 males, aged 22–61; blood pressure systolic 154±7 mmHg, diastolic 92±4 mmHg) and in 9 normotensive controls (4 males, 5 females, aged 20–71; blood pressure systolic 117±4 mmHg, diastolic 76±2 mmHg) during unrestricted sodium diet, at the 4th day of a low sodium intake (40–60 mEq/day) and at the 6th day of sodium loading (280–320 mEq/day) both after an overnight rest and after 4 h of upright posture. In the controls, plasma levels of hANP at 8:00 a.m. were lowered from 73±11 to 49±7 pg/ml during low sodium diet and increased to 128±37 pg/ml after high salt intake. Plasma ANP levels were significantly lower after 4 h of upright posture during unrestricted, low and high sodium intake. In the hypertensive group, plasma ANP levels were elevated during unrestricted diet (203±43 pg/ml), during the low sodium period (139±31 pg/ml), and after high sodium intake (267±63 pg/ml) compared to the controls. All levels were lowered by upright posture. The absolute decrease was more pronounced compared to the normotensives, the relative decline was similar in both groups. In the hypertensives, plasma ANP levels significantly correlate with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.468,r=0.448,P〈0.05) and with urinary aldosterone during unrestricted diet (r=0.536,P〈0.05). There was an inverse correlation between plasma ANP levels and plasma renin concentration during low and high sodium intake (r=−0.469,r=−0.496,P〈0.05). These studies demonstrate raised circulating plasma ANP levels in patients with essential hypertension. The modulation of ANP by different sodium intake and by upright posture is maintained similar to the changes in plasma ANP in normotensive controls. Raised ANP levels in the hypertensives are correlated with low renin secretion and high aldosterone excretion. High ANP levels, therefore, might indicate sodium retention in essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 90-96 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renin-angiotensin-system ; Aldosterone Excretion ; Benign Essential Hypertension ; Low Renin Hypertension ; Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System ; Aldosteronexkretion ; essentielle Hypertonie ; Hypertonie mit supprimierter Plasmareninaktivität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit benigner essentieller Hypertonie konnte eine Regulationsstörung der Aldosteronexkretion nachgewiesen werden: 55% der Patienten zeigten im Vergleich mit Kontrollpersonen eine eingeschränkte Stimulationsfähigkeit der Aldosteronexkretion nach Natriumverarmung und 45% eine unvollständige Supprimierbarkeit der Aldosteronexkretion nach Natriumbelastung. Die Regulationsstörung der Aldosteronexkretion in Abhängigkeit von der Natriumzufuhr ist bei Hypertonikern 2. Grades deutlicher ausgeprägt als bei Hypertonikern 1. Grades und ist am stärksten bei Patienten mit supprimierter Plasmareninaktivität zu beobachten. Große Änderungen der Natriumzufuhr bedingen bei diesen Patienten in der Regel nur geringe Schwankungen der Aldosteronexkretion. Die mangelhafte Supprimierbarkeit der Aldosteronexkretion scheint Auswirkungen im Sinne eines Hyperaldosteronismus zu haben: Patienten mit unvollständiger Suppression der Aldosteronexkretion wiesen nach Natriumbelastung eine signifikant niedrigere Serumkaliumkonzentration auf. Außerdem gehören zu dieser Gruppe mit einer Ausnahme alle Patienten mit supprimierter Plasmareninaktivität.
    Notes: Summary In patients with benign essential hypertension we could demonstrate a defect in aldosterone regulation: In 55% of the hypertensive patients studied the stimulation of aldosterone excretion by sodium deficiency was less marked and in 45% of the patients, the suppressibility of aldosterone excretion by sodium loading was incomplete compared with controls. The regulatory defect of the hypertensive patients is less pronounced in patients with first grade hypertension than in those with second grade hypertension and can be best demonstrated in patients with suppressed plasma-renin activity. In the latter, considerable changes of sodium intake did induce only minor changes of aldosterone excretion. Patients with incomplete suppression of aldosterone excretion had a significantly lower serum potassium concentration during sodium loading compared with the rest of the hypertensive subjects. All patients with suppressed plasma renin activity, except one, also belonged to this group of essential hypertensives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Essential hypertension ; β-adrenergic blockade ; Sodium ; Noradrenaline ; essentielle Hypertonie ; β-adrenerge Blockade ; Natrium ; Noradrenalin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um Hinweise auf den drucksenkenden Mechanismus einer Langzeit-β-Blockade zu erhalten, wurden Plasma- und Urinproben von 22 essentiellen Hypertonikern wöchentlich vor, während und nach β-Blockade (Pindolol 10–20 mg täglich) im Rahmen einer 11 Wochen dauernden Studie untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß sowohl die Serum-Elektrolyte, die Plasma-Noradrenalin-Konzentration und die Plasma-Renin-Aktivität als auch die Exkretion von Natrium, Kalium und Noradrenalin diskrete Veränderungen während mehrwöchiger β-Blockade durchlaufen. Der Exkretionsquotient von Natrium zu Noradrenalin kehrte im Laufe der Behandlung seine Beziehung zum mittleren arteriellen Druck um (Placebor=−0.34, Pindololr=+0,31). Zwischen Blutdruck und Natrium-Exkretion bestand eine signifikante Korrelation (p〈0,03) während Placebogabe, nicht jedoch während β-Blockade. Zwischen Blutdruck und Noradrenalin-Exkretion bestand eine signifikante Korrelation (p〈0,003) während β-Blockade, nicht jedoch während Placebogabe. Im Laufe der Langzeit-β-Blockade kam es zu einer signifikanten positiven Korrelation zwischen der Natrium-Exkretion und der Noradrenalin-Exkretion, welche das Ende der Behandlung überdauerte. Aus den Ergebnissen wird der Schluß gezogen, daß der Gesamt-Bilanz von Natrium und Noradrenalin mehr Aufmerksamkeit zugewendet werden sollte, um die bei der essentiellen Hypertonie zugrundeliegenden Regulationsstörungen zu erfassen.
    Notes: Summary In 22 patients with essential hypertension plasma levels and urine excretions of sodium and noradrenaline were studied before, during and after long-term β-blockade with pindolol. The relation between mean blood pressure and the quotient of sodium-/noradrenaline-excretion changed during treatment (placebor=−0.34; pindololr=+0.31). During placebo there existed a significant (p〈0.03) correlation between blood pressure and sodium-excretion which disappeared during β-blockade. No correlation between blood pressure and noradrenaline was seen during placebo, whereas during β-blockade a significant (p〈0.003) correlation was observed. In contrast to the placebo period there was a significant positive correlation between sodium- and noradrenaline-excretion during long-term treatment with pindolol. It is concluded that whole-body balance of sodium and noradrenaline is an important factor in essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 404-410 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion behaviour of stainless steels in halogen containing solutions.Halogenated hydrocarbons are widely used for cleaning metallic objects. Since solvents of this type undergo hydrolyzation in presence of water, serious damage is apprehended especially for alloys known to be sensitive against chloride-induced stress corrosion.These tests were intended to check the risk of corrosion when halogenated hydrocarbons are used as a solvent for cleaning metallic surfaces, and if a residual fluid - trapped within small crevices or holes - is stressed by hot water or water vapour.Halogenated hydrocarbons have thus been proved to be dangerous only when metallic parts are exposed to the condensing solvent zone containing just small amounts of water. In excess of water, no corrosion or cracks could be observed.Although, according to results obtained, risks of corrosion can be kept at a low level, it is recommended to avoid the use of halogenated solvents in case the removal of trapped fluid is limited.
    Notes: Halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe finden zur Reinigung metallischer Gegenstände breite Anwendung. Da Lösemittel dieser Art in Anwesenheit von Wasser hydrolysieren, werden ernste Schäden speziell bei Legierungen befürchtet, die für ihre Anfälligkeit für Spannungsrißkorrosion bekannt sind.Mit den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurde beabsichtigt, das Korrosionsrisiko abzuschätzen, das sich ergibt, wenn halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe als Reinigungsmittel für metallische Oberflächen verwendet werden und Flüssigkeitsreste, die in engen Spalten oder Löchern gefangen sind, mit heißem Wasser oder Wasserdampf beaufschlagt werden.Halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe haben sich dabei nur dann als gefährlich herausgestellt, wenn die Metalle der Kondensationszone von verdampftem Lösemittel bei Anwesenheit von wenig Wasser ausgesetzt werden. Liegt Wasser im Überschuß vor, konnten keine Korrosion oder Spannungsrisse beobachtet werden.Obgleich jedoch, den Untersuchungsresultaten entsprechend, das Korrosionsrisiko gering gehalten werden kann, wird empfohlen, auf eine Verwendung halogenierter Kohlenwasserstoffe möglichst zu verzichten, wenn die Möglichkeiten einer vollständigen Entfernung des Lösemittels beschränkt sind.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 904-905 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 885-886 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 53 (1920), S. 681-685 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 55 (1922), S. 282-288 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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