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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Karyotype and ultrastructure of a colony stimulating factor (CSF) producing cell line (5637) originated from a carcinoma of the human urinary bladder (1986)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 53 (1986), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Karyotype ; Bladder carcinoma ; Ultrastructure ; CSF ; Cell line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cell line 5637 which originated from a human urinary bladder carcinoma is known to produce GM-CSF and Multi-CSF ectopically. Determination of cell surface antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies was recently reported [6]. Here we report on the ultrastructure and karyology of this CSF secreting cell line. At the ultrastructural level the monolayer in vitro culture and the solid tumors formed in nude mice showed all characteristics consistent with a well-differentiated transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). A subclone was found to grow in suspension and did not secrete any CSF activity. High resolution chromsome analysis revealed chromosomal abnormalities which agreed only in few particulars with nonrandom chromosomal aberrations usually found in TCC. Analysis of the cytogenetic results showed that nearly all structural abnormalities present are known to be associated with acute or chronic human leukemia. The possibility that the ectopic production of CSF in this cell line may be correlated to one or more of the described chromosomal aberrations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321091
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectopically produced calcitonin in human hemoblastoses (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 667-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Serum and tissue levels ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Diagnostic value ; Calcitonin ; Serum- und Gewebespiegel ; Leukämie ; Lymphome ; diagnostischer Wert
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Vorkommen erhöhter Serumspiegel von immunreaktivem Calcitonin (CT) wurde bei menschlichen myeloproliferativen und lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen untersucht. Unter Zugrundelegung des doppelten oberen Normalbereiches zeigten etwa 45% der Patienten mit akuter Leukämie und mit Blastenschub bei chronischer myeloischer Leukämie erhöhte Calcitonin-Serumspiegel. Extrem erhöhte Werte (〉 1000 pg/ml) waren nur in dieser Patientengruppe nachweisbar. Mit dem Eintritt einer Remission kam es zu einem Abfall oder einer Normalisierung der CT-Werte, während bei Eintreten eines Rezidivs ein frühzeitiger Wiederanstieg beobachtet wurde. Dies läßt annehmen, daß die Serumspiegel die Aktivität der Erkrankung wiedergeben. Bei Patienten mit chronischen Leukämien, Morbus Hodgkin und Nicht-Hodgkin-Lymphomen war die Häufigkeit und das Ausmaß der Calcitoninerhöhung im Serum deutlich geringer. Darüber hinaus wurde die Molekulargewichtsverteilung des Proteohormons in Serumproben und Zellextrakten durch Gelchromatographie untersucht. Neben dem physiologischen Hormon fanden sich unterschiedliche hochmolekulare Formen im Serum und in Milzzellextrakten. In Leukämiezellextrakten war ausschließlich hochmolekulares Calcitonin nachweisbar. Es wird angenommen, daß Calcitonin ektop durch die leukämischen Zellen produziert wird.
    Notes: Summary The incidence of elevated serum levels of immunoreactive calcitonin (CT) in human myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders was investigated. On the basis of twice the normal range, about 45% of patients with acute leukemia and blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) showed elevated serum levels of CT. Markedly elevated levels (〉 1,000 pg/ml) were only found in this group. Since immunoreactive CT dropped to normal or only slightly elevated levels in remission and increased again before or during relapse, serum CT levels seem to reflect the activity of the disease. However, in patients with chronic leukemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a lower incidence and only slightly elevated serum values were found. In addition, the molecular weight of the proteohormone in serum specimen and cell extracts was investigated by gel chromatography. Besides physiological CT, different high-molecular weight forms of the hormone could be demonstrated in serum and in cell extracts. Extracts of leukemic cells revealed higher molecular forms only. It is suggested that the proteohormone is ectopically produced by leukemic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716799
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte proliferation to Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in hepatitis B antigen-positive and -negative hepatitis (1979)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 175 (1979), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Lymphocyte proliferation ; Phytohemagglutinin ; HBs antigen ; Virus hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lymphocytes from patients with HBs-Ag-positive and -negative acute, chronic-persistent, and chronic-active hepatitis, from healthy controls and from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were tested under standardized conditions. These included use of a single charge of Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) dissolved and diluted in one operation, of a single pool of homologous serum of the major blood group AB found free of HBs-Ag and cytotoxic factor, and elaboration of PHA dose response curves in the presence of autologous and homologous serum in each case examined. During the early phase of acute virus hepatitis B and non-B, and in HBs-Ag-positive chronic persistent and active hepatitis, hyperresponsiveness of lymphocytes to PHA was observed independently of the source of the serum present in the culture. Lymphocyte responsiveness returned to normal in the later phase of acute hepatitis and was depressed in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and in cases of HBs-Ag-positive chronic active hepatitis in which cirrhosis had developed. Although the cause of these alterations in lymphocyte responsiveness is not completely understood, the central role of a primary change of the lymphocytes themselves affecting their ability to react to PHA seems probable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851238
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of oxidative metabolism of granulocytes by recombinant granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor and a conditioned medium of a urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (1987)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 54 (1987), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Granulocytes ; CSF ; Oxidative metabolism ; Bladder carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neutrophils (PMN) are the major host defence cells protecting the body against invasion by microorganisms. Products of oxidative metabolism mediate PMN microbicidal and tumoricidal activity, but the mechanisms by which these pathways become activated are not well understood. The colony stimulating factors (CSF) are known to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of committed bone marrow stem cells. These regulators may probably play an important role in non specific resistance to infections. We studied the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils after stimulation with recombinant GM-CSF (r.GM-CSF) and the concentrated conditioned medium of the UBC-5637 cell line (UBC-CM) showing CSF activity. It could be demonstrated that the r.GM-CSF, as well as the UBC-CM, induce an activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst without any cofactors such as f-MLP, PMA, or zymosan. In addition, we observed an increase of the response to those stimulants in the presence of either r.GM-CSF or UBC-CM. These effects were not endotoxin-induced, since stimulation persisted after addition of Polymyxin B, which is known to inhibit the action of endotoxins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320879
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful treatment of neutropenia in T-LGL leukemia (Tγ-lymphocytosis) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 69 (1994), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: T-LGL ; Leukemia ; G-CSF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Severe neutropenia is a common feature in patients with T-large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. Neutropenia often causes severe infections and septicemia, thus representing a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this disease. We have treated two outpatients with T-LGL leukemia who had severe neutropenia (neutrophils 〈0.2×109/l) successfully with G-CSF (5μg/kg daily, s.c). After 10 days of treatment the neutrophil count was within the normal range and a severe oral infection healed rapidly. We conclude that G-CSF therapy is able to normalize the neutrophil count in T-LGL leukemia within a few days and that it can be used to treat severe infections in these patients even on an outpatient basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695691
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleinsäure- und Proteinstoffwechsel in Lymphocytenkulturen von Gesunden und Patienten mit Erkrankungen des lymphatischen Systems (1969)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 151 (1969), S. 138-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Nucleid acid synthesis ; Protein synthesis ; Lymphocyten ; Nucleinsäurestoffwechsel ; Proteinstoffwechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zeammenfassung Es wurde die Transformation zu Blastzellen und die Nucleinsäure- und Proteinsynthese unstimulierter und stimulierter Lymphocyten von Gesunden in vitro untersucht. Unstimulierte Lymphocyten zeigten einen niedrigen und relativ konstanten Basisstoffwechsel der makromolekularen RNS und der Zellproteine, ohne daß sich eine DNS-Synthese nachweisen ließ. Mit Phythämagglutinin, Pokeweed-Extrakt, Streptolysin O und Tuberkulin stimulierte normale Lymphocyten ließen einen typischen Ablauf ihrer RNS-, DNS- und Proteinsynthese in Kulturen bis zu 9 Tagen erkennen. Bei Pokeweed-Mitogen und spezifischen Mitogenen war die DNS-Synthese im Verhältnis zum RNS-Stoffwechsel stärker ausgeprägt.
    Notes: Summary The transformation to blast cells and the nucleic acid and protein synthesis of unstimulated and stimulated lymphocytes has been investigated in vitro. Unstimulated lymphocytes showed a low and relatively constant level of RNA and protein synthesis, whereas no DNA synthesis could be observed. PHA, Pokeweed, Streptolysin O and tuberculin stimulated normal lymphocytes exhibited a typical response in RNA, DNA and protein synthesis in cultures up to 9 days. With Pokeweed and specific mitogens the stimulation of DNA synthesis was much more pronounced as compared to RNA synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044668
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phythämagglutinin (PHA) und Serumproteine in der Lymphocytenkultur (1970)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 153 (1970), S. 308-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; PHA ; Standardization of lymphocyte-cultures ; Serumproteins ; Lymphocyten ; PHA ; Standardisierung von Lymphocytenkulturen ; Serumproteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Präcipitation von Serumproteinen durch PHA und der Einfluß der Präcipitation auf den RNS-Stoffwechsel menschlicher Lymphocyten untersucht. Die präcipitierten Serumproteine konnten als α2-Makroglobulin, IgM und ein Serum-β-Lipoprotein identifiziert werden. Durch Chromatographie von PHA-P(Difco) über SE-Sephadex-C50 konnte ein proteinreiches, leukagglutinierendes Mitogen von einem proteinarmen, erythrocytenagglutinierenden Mitogen getrennt werden. Die proteinarme Fraktion trägt die gesamte präcipitierende Aktivität von PHA. Im Gegensatz zu unfraktioniertem PHA zeigten die Dosiskurven der genannten zwei PHA-Fraktionen nur ein Wirkungsoptimum. Die Kinetik der Präcipitation war dem Ablauf einer Antigen-Antikörper-Präcipitation vergleichbar. Gewaschene Präcipitate aus PHA und Serumproteinen wirkten in niedrigen Dosen stimulierend auf den RNS-Stoffwechsel von Lymphocyten. Die gleichen niedrigen Dosen entstehen in Lymphocytenkulturen (15% Serum im Ansatz) während des zweiten Dosismaximums einer PHA-Dosiskurve (50–200 μg/ml). Wurden Kulturen ohne präcipitierbare Serumproteine angesetzt, so war nur das erste Maximum des RNS-Stoffwechsels bei 6,25 μg PHA/ml vorhanden. Mit zunehmender Präcipitation bzw. bei Zusatz entsprechend größerer Mengen an gewaschenem Präcipitat war eine Hemmung des RNS-Stoffwechsels zu beobachten. Es wird versucht, den Angriffsort der verschiedenen PHA-Komponenten näher zu charakterisieren, und es wird die Bedeutung der Serumpräcipitation für die Standardisierung von Lymphocytenkulturen und für die Interpretation von in vivo-Experimenten mit PHA diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The precipitation of serum proteins by PHA and the effect of this precipitation on RNA-synthesis of human lymphocytes has been investigated. α2-makroglobulin, IgM and a serum-β-lipoprotein were shown to be the precipitated proteins. PHA-P (Difco) was seperated by chromatography on SE-Sephadex-C50 into two different mitogens: a protein-rich, leukagglutinating one and another erythroagglutinating one with a low protein moiety. This low-protein-fraction exhibited the complete precipitating activity of PHA. While the nonfractionated PHA revealed two dosedependant mitogenic optima, the 2 isolated fractions did exhibit only one. The kinetics of the serumprotein precipitation was quite similar to an antigen-antibody precipitation. Sufficiently washed precipitates of PHA and serum proteins did stimulate the RNA-metabolism of cultured lymphocytes using minute doses. Those minute doses of precipitate were shown to be produced in lymphocyte cultures during the second dose optimum (culture with 15% serum, 50–200 μg PHA/ml). Cultures without precipitated proteins lacked this second peak. As well increased precipitation as increased concentrations of washed precipitate resulted in a significant decrease of RNA-synthesis. It was tried to characterise the site of action of the mitogenic PHA-components. The meaning of the results will be discussed with respect to the standardization of lymphocyte cultures and opposing in vivo experiments with PHA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048092
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