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Notizen: Data collected in seven experiments in greenhouses or phytotrons were used to develop an empirical description of the phenology of populations of Galium aparine L. (cleavers). Cleavers from a hedgerow population were found to differ from cleavers from an arable population in their need for vernalization. Moisture regime and amount of light proved to be unimportant for the timing of flowering. Nutrition had some influence on the timing of flowering, but daylength and maximum temperature were most important in this respect. Both can be involved by summation of the product of daylength and the effective maximum temperature (°C above the base temperature of 5.3°C). The resulting descriptive formula enables relevant developmental rates of arable field populations to be predicted over a broad range of environmental conditions. The flowering date in the field of cleavers from an arable population could be correctly predicted for cohorts of plants emerging at different dates in two independent sets of data collected in England and The Netherlands, by using this summation (17300 °C* h between emergence and flowering). The temperature sum divided by 17300 can also be used as a developmental scale that governs the changes in patterns of carbohydrate partitioning. Although the development of the first whorls on cleavers is primarily related to the mean day temperature, the summation can also be used to describe the development of the first whorls. Phenologie des populations de Galium aparine L. de terres arables et des haies en relation avec les conditions pedoclimatiques Des donnees collectees dans 7 expérimentations en serre ou en phytotron ont été utilisée pour développer une description empirique de la phénologie des populations de Galium aparine L. (gaillet). Les gaillets issus d'une population de haie se sont révélés différents des gaillets issus d'une population de terre arable dans leur besoin de vernalisation. Le régime d'humidite et la quantité de lumière n'a pas d'importance pour repoque de floraison. La nutrition a quelque influence sur l'epoque de floraison, mais la longueur du jour et la temperature maximale sont plus importantes k cet egard. Les deux peuvent être impliquées par la sommation du produit de la longueur du jour avec la température maximale efficace (°C au-dessus de la température basale de 5,3). La formule descriptive qui en éesulte permet de prévoir les taux de developpement des populations en champs labourés sous un large éventail de conditions environnementales. La date de floraison au champ des gaillets issus d'une population de terre arable a pu etre correctement prévu pour des vagues de plantes levées k des dates differentes à partir de deux lots de donnees independantes collectees en Angleterre et aux Pays-Bas en utilisant cette sommation (17300°C* heure entre la levée et la floraison). La somme de température divisée par 17300 peut aussi être utilisée comme une échelle de développement qui règie les changements dans les schqui regie les changements dans les schemas de la partition carbohydrate. Bien que le développement des premières verticilles chez le gaillet soit principalement liéà la température moyenne joumalière, la sommation peut aussi etre utilisee pour decrire le développement des premiers verticilles Phänologie von Feld- und Heckenpopulationen von Galium aparine L. je nach Witterung und Bodeneigenschaften Mit Ergebnissen aus 7 Versuchen im Gewächshaus oder Phytotron wurde eine empirische Beschreibung der Phänologie von Galium aparine (Kletten-Labkraut-) Populationen entwickelt. Kletten-Labkraut aus Heckenpopulationen unterschied sich von Feldpopulationen durch die Notwendigkeit der Vernalisation. Bodenfeuchtigkeit und Lichtin-tensität erwiesen sich für den Blühbeginn als unwichtig. Düngung hatte einigen Einfluß auf den Blühbeginn, doch Tageslänge und Temperaturmaxima waren dafür sehr wichtig. Beide Faktoren können als Summe des Produkts der Tageslänge mit der effektiven Maximal-Temperatur (°C über der Basistemp-eratur von 5,3 °C) einbezogen werden. Die daraus resultierende beschreibende Formel er-laubt es, rele van te Entwicklungsraten von Feld-populationen über eine große Breite von Umweltbedingungen zu prognostizieren. Das Bluhdatum einer Feldpopulation von Kletten-Labkraut konnte für zu verschiedenen Zeiten in 2 unabhängigen Sätzen keimende Pflanzen-gruppen, die in England und den Niederlanden gesammelt worden waren, durch Anwendung dieser Summe (17300°C* Stunden zwischenKeimung und Blüte) korrekt vorhergesagt werden. Die Temperatursumme, geteilt durch 17300, kann auch als Entwicklungsskala genutzt werden, die die wechselnde Kohlen-hydratspeicherung umfaßt. Obwohl beim Kletten-Labkraut die Entwicklung des 1. Blatt-quirls hauptsachlich von der mittleren Tages-temperatur abhangt, kann dieses Stadium auch mit der Temperatursumme beschrieben werden.

Notizen: Abstract Osteoporosis is frequently seen in systemic mastocytosis. Although diphosphonate therapy has been shown to be transiently effective, therapy options for this form of osteopenia are very limited. We have treated three patients with systemic mastocytosis and osteopenia successfully with intrferon alpha-2b. Two patients had urticaria pigmentosa and two severe back pain due to vertebral compression fractures. All patients received a daily interferon dose of 3 x 5 mio units/week s.c. for a period of 6 months. Therapy was well tolerated, and back pain resolved in both patients. A marked decrease of mast cell numbers in the bone marrow and a significant increase of bone mineralization and bone density was observed in all patients. Our data suggest that alpha interferon may be a new treatment option for osteopenia in systemic mastocytosis.

Notizen: Abstract  Mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected in autologous plasma and acid-citrate-dextrose formula A (ACD-A) by leukaphereses using the CS3000 cell separator (Baxter) and stored at 4  °C in a refrigerator for 8 days. We have looked at the viability of the nucleated cells with the trypan blue test and the proliferation and differentiation capacity using a standardized progenitor cell cloning assay. The changes in viability, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E), and mixed-lineage colony-forming units (CFU-GEMM) were determined daily during the storage period. Viability was 90.8% (SD 8%) at day 0 and declined to a mean of 69.5% (SD 15.5%) at day 8. CFU-GM decreased to 47% (SD 28.7%), CFU-GEMM to 48% (SD 42.2%), and BFU-E to 40.1% (SD 18.4%) after 6 days. After 5 days of storage the mean viability was 79.7% (SD 17.8%), whereas the mean CFU-GM were 65.3% (SD 28.4%) the mean CFU-GEMM were 61.8% (SD 30.4%) and the mean BFU-E were 55.1% (SD 18.2%). At day 4 viability was still 82.5% (SD 17.0%), recovery of CFU-GM was 78.5% (SD 28.8%), recovery of CFU-GEMM was 70.7% (SD 40.4%) and recovery of BFU-E was 65.0% (SD 17.5%). These data show, that PBSC can be stored safely over at least 5 days at 4  °C while the patient receives high-dose chemotherapy.

Notizen: Summary Severe neutropenia is a common feature in patients with T-large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. Neutropenia often causes severe infections and septicemia, thus representing a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this disease. We have treated two outpatients with T-LGL leukemia who had severe neutropenia (neutrophils 〈0.2×109/l) successfully with G-CSF (5μg/kg daily, s.c). After 10 days of treatment the neutrophil count was within the normal range and a severe oral infection healed rapidly. We conclude that G-CSF therapy is able to normalize the neutrophil count in T-LGL leukemia within a few days and that it can be used to treat severe infections in these patients even on an outpatient basis.

Notizen: Abstract  We report a patient who relapsed 12 months after undergoing high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for refractory Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis. The patient received sequential single-dose chemotherapy consisting of 140 mg/m2 epirubicin, 1.4 mg/m2 vincristine, and 50 mg/m2 prednisole on day 1, followed by 4000 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide on day 15 and 2000 mg/m2 etoposide on day 30. This regimen was given twice, predominantly on an outpatient basis without major toxicity. The patient reached a complete remission and has remained free of disease after an observation period of 48 months. Single-dose sequential treatment should be considered for refractory Hodgkin's disease, even for relapse after high-dose chemotherapy, as escalated single doses of cytostatic agents may overcome drug resistance.

Notizen: Abstract  Osteoporosis is frequently seen in systemic mastocytosis. Although diphosphonate therapy has been shown to be transiently effective, therapy options for this form of osteopenia are very limited. We have treated three patients with systemic mastocytosis and osteopenia successfully with interferon alpha-2b. Two patients had urticaria pigmentosa and two severe back pain due to vertebral compression fractures. All patients received a daily interferon dose of 3×5 mio units/week s.c. for a period of 6 months. Therapy was well tolerated, and back pain resolved in both patients. A marked decrease of mast cell numbers in the bone marrow and a significant increase of bone mineralization and bone density was observed in all patients. Our data suggest that alpha interferon may be a new treatment option for osteopenia in systemic mastocytosis.

Notizen: Abstract. Three strategies for visualisation of MR-dedicated guidewires and catheters have been proposed, namely active tracking, the technique of locally induced field inhomogeneity and passive susceptibility-based tracking. In this article the pros and cons of these techniques are discussed, including the development of MR-dedicated guidewires and catheters, scan techniques, post-processing tools, and display facilities for MR tracking. Finally, some of the results obtained with MR tracking are discussed.

Notizen: Abstract Between 1980 and 1993, 680 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and Hodgkin's disese (HD) were studied by ultrasonography. In 210 patients a total of 254 extranodular abdominal lymphoma inflitrates were diagnosed. Infiltrates were confirmed histologically in 118 patients and through the clinical course and follow-up studies in 92 patients. Lymphoma infiltrates were seen most frequently in the spleen (N = 101), the gastrointestinal tract (n=70), the liver (n = 47), the kidneys (n = 17) and other organs (n = 19). The sonographic features of lymphomatous infiltrates in different extranodal sites are described, and possible correlations between lymphoma subtypes and sonographic texture characteristics are investigated. Different infiltration patterns of lymphoma subtypes could be indentical in liver and spleen. High-grade NHLs most frequently showed large-nodular lesions, whereas low-grade NHLs and HD showed a tendency towards small-nodular or diffuse lesions. The role of ultrasonography in the clinical management of lymphoma pateins is discussed.

Notizen: Summary The Mi gene originating from the wild tomato species Lycopersicon peruvianum confers resistance to all major root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). This single dominant gene is located on chromosome 6 and is very closely linked to the acid phosphatase-1 (Aps-1) locus. Resistance to nematodes has been introgressed into various cultivars of the cultivated tomato (L. esculentum), in many cultivars along with the linked L. peruvianum Aps-1 1 allele. By using a pair of nearly isogenic lines differing in a small chromosomal region containing the Mi and Aps-1 loci, we have identified two RFLP markers, GP79 and H6A2c2, which are located in the introgressed L. peruvianum region. Analysis of a test panel of 51 L. esculentum genotypes of various origins indicated that GP79 is very tightly linked to the Mi gene and allows both homozygous and heterozygous nematode-resistant genotypes to be distinguished from susceptible genotypes, irrespective of their Aps-1 alleles. Marker H6A2c2 is linked to the Aps-1 locus and is capable of discriminating between the L. peruvianum Aps-1 1 allele and the L. esculentum Aps-1 3 and Aps-1 + alleles. In combination, these RFLP markers may provide a powerful tool in breeding tomatoes for nematode resistance.