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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 493-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microglial cells ; TPPase ; NDPase ; Synapse ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscopic survey of selectively stained microglial cells in the cerebral cortex of the rat reveals that the processes of this cell type often encircle axo-dendritic synapses. Enzyme-histochemical methods for thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) or nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) were used for the selective marking of the microglial cells; TPPase and NDPase activities were observed in the plasma membrane of microglial cells. The synapses encircled by microglial processes displayed presynaptic structures containing round clear vesicles (50 nm in diameter) and a prominent thickening of the postsynaptic membrane. In vitro, the above-mentioned enzymatic activities were completely suppressed by neuroactive agents such as catecholamines and phenothiazine derivatives. Examination using enzyme-histochemical techniques suggests that a single enzyme may be responsible for both above-mentioned enzymatic reactions. The functional significance of microglial cells in the normal central nervous tissue is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218471
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of the distribution of serotonin neurons in the brainstem of the rat and cat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 247-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Brainstem ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological characteristics and distribution of the somata of serotonin-containing neurons in the brainstem of rats and cats were studied by use of the peroxidase-anti peroxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method employing highly specific antibodies to serotonin. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against an antigen prepared by coupling serotonin to bovine thyroglobulin and using formaldehyde as the coupling reagent. The distribution pattern of serotonin neurons observed in the present material is essentially in agreement with that described by other investigators who used the Falck-Hillarp method. In addition, this immunohistochemical technique revealed serotonin-containing perikarya in the following regions: 1) the periaqueductal gray, especially lateral to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, 2) the nucleus interpeduncularis, 3) the nucleus parabrachialis ventralis and dorsalis, 4) the field of the lemniscus lateralis, and 5) the reticular formation of the pons and medulla oblongata. The described immunohistochemical procedure makes it possible to study central serotonin neurons in detail without pharmacological pretreatment. The wide distribution of serotonin neurons demonstrated in this study should be considered when interpreting experiments dealing with the serotonin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216872
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlative ontogenetic development of catecholamine- and LHRH-containing nerve endings in the median eminence of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Ontogeny ; LHRH ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogenetic development of catecholamine (CA)-and LHRH-containing nerve endings in the median eminence of the rat was investigated by combining fluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the same tissue section. LHRH-terminals appeared earlier than CA-terminals and were already detectable in the lateral part of the external layer of the central ME on the first day after birth. CA-nerve endings were first seen in a corresponding region of the ME on the seventh postnatal day. At this stage both types of terminals showed the earliest manifestation of a correlative pattern of their distribution. Subsequently the development of both types of nerve endings proceeded rapidly, and at 14 days their distribution pattern corresponded to that in adult animals. The authors conclude that at this stage the CA-neurons play a constant and significant role in the release of LHRH into the portal capillaries. The correlation between both types of nerve endings and the ontogenetic development of the capillary plexuses of the hypophysial portal system is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234542
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical identification of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; PAP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A specific rabbit anti-CRF serum and the immunoperoxidase technique were used to show that CRF-containing neurons are mainly distributed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. In addition, immunoreactive neurons are scattered in other hypothalamic regions. These neurons are 20–30 μm in diameter. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, i.e., paraventricular and supraoptic, and other hypothalamic accessory nuclei, are the producing sites not only for vasopressin and oxytocin, but also for corticotropin-releasing factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213802
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the distributional pattern of CRF-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the median eminence of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Conspicuous differences in the distributional pattern of nerve fibers containing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or posterior lobe hormones, respectively, were shown in the median eminence of the adult male rat by means of immunoperoxidase histochemistry, with the use of anti-CRF, anti-oxytocin, and anti-vasopressin sera. In the rostral and central divisions of the median eminence, a high concentration of CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the median portion of the external layer; these fibers terminated on the capillary loops of the hypophysial portal system. In the caudal division of the median eminence, the CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers were located in the median to paramedian portions of the external layer. Numerous oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed evenly distributed throughout the internal layer of the median eminence. In the external layer, a small number of the oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing nerve fibers was found around the capillary loops, particularly in the median to paramedian portions. The distributional patterns of the CRF and the posterior lobe hormones in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and their functional interrelationship are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213803
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 75-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microglia ; Macrophages ; Chemical lesion ; Kainic acid ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light-and electron-microscopic investigations of kainic acid-induced lesions revealed a marked macrophage response and “microgliocytosis”. The hematogenous origin of reactive elements, such as brain macrophages and “microglia-like reactive cells”, was demonstrated when blood phagocytes were labeled with carbon particles or horseradish peroxidase prior to induction of the kainic acid-lesion. The induced lesion showed a proliferation of microglial cells, which led to a state of “microgliocytosis” in the later stage of lesioning. Since it is now generally accepted that microglial cells in the state of “microgliocytosis” are derived from the “microglia-like reactive cells”, proliferated microglial cells in the brain lesions are probably of hematogenous origin. The relationships among the brain macrophages, the “microglia-like reactive cells” and the intrinsic microglial cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210092
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the cerebellum (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers ; Cerebellum ; Cat ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of serotonin (5-HT)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the cerebellum of the rat and cat was investigated by means of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method using highly specific antibodies to 5-HT. Serotonin-containing nerve fibers were distributed throughout the entire cerebellum including the deep cerebellar nuclei, while 5-HT-positive neuronal somata were not detected in the cerebellum of either species. A different pattern of 5-HT innervation was found among the three layers of the cerebellar cortex. There were also interspecific differences in the pattern of distribution of 5-HT. In the rat, the pool of 5-HT nerve fibers mainly consisted of tangential elements, which were predominant in the molecular layer, while in the cat only a few 5-HT fibers were found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex; dense networks of 5-HT nerve fibers were present in the granular layer. Some differences are evident in the pattern of distribution of 5-HT fibers in cerebellar regions classified on an anatomical and functional basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217077
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoeboid microglial cells ; Brain macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophage antiserum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies with the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method revealed that “amoeboid microglial cells”, in the brains of neonatal rats and “brain macrophages” in lesioned brains of adult rats react positively to an antiserum raised against macrophages. In brains of neonatal rats, “amoeboid microglial cells” stained by means of the PAP-method were observed in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, dorso-lateral region of the thalamus, subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the subependymal layer of the ventricular system. These cellular elements were not detected in brains of rats aged 21 days or older. Resting microglial cells displaying a typical ramified structure were not specifically stained. Cells reacting positively to the macrophage antiserum appeared (i) in the cerebral cortex of adult rats following placement of a stab wound, or (ii) in the hippocampal formation after kainic acid-induced lesions; in the damaged areas immunoreactive cells exhibited the typical features of “brain macrophages”. “Brain macrophages” and “amoeboid microglial cells” are considered to belong to the class of exudate macrophages derived from blood monocytes. Thus, elements of hematogenous origin do exist in the intact brain parenchyma of neonatal rats and in lesioned brains of adult rats. The relationship between brain macrophages and resting microglial cells is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217882
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the localization of serotonin fibers and terminals in the spinal cord of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin fibers ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey (Macaca fuscata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A modified procedure of PAP-immunohistochemistry with the use of a rabbit antiserum against serotonin was applied to investigate the pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the spinal cord of the monkey, Macaca fuscata. The majority of descending serotonin fibers in the white matter is located immediately below the pia mater in the ventrolateral funiculi. Lamina I and the outer zone of lamina II are supplied with numerous serotonin fibers. In the intermediate gray, two prominent bundles composed of longitudinal fibers, i.e., lateral and medial longitudinal serotonin bundles, were recognized at the lateral column and in the vicinity of the central canal, respectively. The motoneurons of the anterior horn are encompassed by fine networks of serotonin fibers and terminals. The results obtained from studies with the monkey spinal cord closely resemble those characteristic of the dog spinal cord as presented in a previous paper, except for portions of the lumbar level. In segments L3–L4, intercalated cell groups between the medial and lateral motor nuclei receive particularly rich inputs of serotonin fibers in the same manner as the neurons of the nucleus intermediolateralis. This peculiar finding may suggest the presence of a specialized nucleus in the anterior column of the simian and also human spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217878
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 557-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Neuroglia ; Silver impregnation ; Brain ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The silver-impregnation procedure of Tsujiyama is suitable for demonstration of all three classical types of neuroglial cells; in the present study it was used for electron microscopic identification of neuroglial cells in the brain of the cat. The aim of the present study was 1) to determine impregnated structural correlates of neuroglial cells at the light- and electron-microscopic levels, and 2) to determine whether the method of Tsujiyama is applicable for the electron microscopic identification of the single types of neuroglial cells. Silver deposits were observed over the cytoplasm and processes of astrocytes where numerous glial filaments were present. Oligodendrocytes and microglial cells may be precisely differentiated by use of Tsujiyama's silver impregnation method at the electron microscopic level due to the pattern of silver-deposition in these two basic types of cells. This silver-impregnation method combined with electron microscopy is thus suitable for a precise identification of neuroglial cells; the technique may prove to be very helpful in identification of such categories of neuroglial cells that encompass also the images of cells which cannot be classified by use of the standard methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238651
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