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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid levels of immunoreactive substance P and somatostatin in patients with multiple sclerosis and inflammatory CNS disease
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 11 (1990), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Multiple sclerosis ; Neurologic disease ; Somatostatin ; Substance P
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(90)90129-S
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity, its molecular forms and monoaminergic metabolites in aged and demented patients with Parkinson's disease — effect of L-Dopa (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 591-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Parkinson's disease ; somatostatin-like immunoreactivity ; dementia ; monoamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is some evidence that Parkinson's disease (PD) seems to be a heterogenous and generalized brain disorder reflecting a degeneration of multiple neuronal networks, including somatostatinergic neurons. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and its molecular forms, high molecular weight form (HMV-SST), somatostatin-14 (SST-14), somatostatin-25/28 (SST-25/28) and Des-ala-somatostatin (Des-ala-SST), as well as homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were estimated using HPLC and radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 35 aged parkinsonian patients with different stages of intellectual deterioration. The influence of L-dopa-treatment on these neurochemical parameters was evaluated. Without a correlation with dementia scores (p=0.11), SLI was significantly reduced in PD in comparison to the control group (p 〈 0.05). The reduction was related to the progression of the disease. Correlations between SLI, HVA and 5-HIAA indicate a heterogenous brain disorder in PD with alterations of several transmitter systems and functions. Complex qualitative and quantitative changes in the molecular pattern of SLI are compatible with a dysregulated synthesis and/or posttranslational processing. L-dopa-treatment was associated with a significant increase of HVA (p 〈 0.05) and HMV-SST (p 〈 0.05) and a slight, but insignificant increase of SLI (p=0.11).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Huntington's chorea—Measurements of somatostatin, substance P and Cyclic nucleotides in the cerebrospinal fluid (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 225 (1981), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Huntington's disease ; Chorea ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Somatostatin ; Substance P ; Cyclic nucleotides ; Family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten mit Chorea Huntington und 7 Nachkommen aus Chorea-Familien wurden im lumbalen Liquor die Konzentrationen von Somatostatin, Substanz P, zyklischem Adenosinmonophosphat und zyklischem Guanosinmonophosphat radioimmunologisch bestimmt und mit Werten neurologischer Kontrollpatienten verglichen. Während die Konzentration von Substanz P sich in allen Gruppen nicht signifikant voneinander unterschieden, waren die Konzentrationen von Somatostatin bei Patienten mit manifester Chorea und bei den Nachkommen hochsignifikant vermindert. Zyklisches Adenosinmonophosphat war nur bei weit fortgeschrittener Chorea signifikant herabgesetzt. Mögliche Beziehungen der Somatostatin-Verminderung zur Pathophysiologie der Chorea und der Verminderung des zyklischen Nukleotids zur Hirnatrophie werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Somatostatin, substance P, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Huntington's disease, in first generation relatives of choreic patients and in neurological control patients. Substance P levels were not significantly altered, but somatostatin levels were markedly decreased both in affected patients and symptom-free offspring. Cyclic AMP was decreased only in patients with advanced stages of the disease while cyclic GMP was normal. Evidence is discussed which may support a role of somatostatin deficiency in the pathophysiology of chorea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313747
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventricular somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in patients with basal ganglia disease (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 232 (1985), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Parkinson's disease ; Hyperkinesia ; Dystonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in lateral ventricular fluid of patients with extrapyramidal motor disease were determined by specific radio-immunoassay. Mean SLI levels were significantly lower in patients with Parkinson's disease (mean ± SEM); 42.9±2.9 fmol/ml) and in patients with dystonic syndromes (39.4±3.2) than in patients with benign essential tremor (65.3±9.7). The lowest levels were found in patients with athetosis (34.7±5.4). In parkinsonian patients somatostatin levels correlated with the degree of akinesia, rigidity and autonomic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313783
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and substance-P-like immunoreactivity in the CSF of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome and communicating hydrocephalus (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 232 (1985), S. 346-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Substance P ; Senile dementia, Alzheimer type ; Cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and substance-P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in lumbar spinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and control patients were determined by specific radio-immunoassay. Mean SLI and SPLI levels were significantly lower in an aged control patient group (mean age 83.5±5.6 years) than in an adult control patient group (mean age 30.8±10 years). In the latter group SPLI levels correlated negatively with age. Mean SLI levels decreased with deterioration in SDAT patients by up to 33% in late dementia. SPLI correlated with SLI in SDAT patients but was decreased significantly only in late dementia patients. Moderate and insignificant decreases of SLI were observed in patients with multi-infarct syndrome or communicating hydrocephalus. Analysis of SLI by gel-permeation chromatography revealed molecular heterogeneity of SLI. At least four peaks of SLI were eluted, two of which had apparent molecular weights of about 10,000 and 15,500, possibly representing somatostatin precursors. The ratio of SRIF to SLI of higher molecular weight was increased in patients with dementia compared to control patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313833
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of probenecid on cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate levels in cerebrospinal fluid and on brain phosphodiesterase activity in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 233 (1983), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate ; Probenecid ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Choroid plexus ; Transport ; Phosphodiesterase ; Brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Probenecid bewirkt bei Ratten einen dosisabhängigen Anstieg der Konzentration von zyklischem Adenosin-3′, 5′-Monophosphat (cAMP) im zisternalen Liquor. Maximaler Anstieg durch Sättigung des Anionencarriers erfolgt 2 h nach einer Dosis von 150 mg/kg Körpergewicht. Am isolierten Plexus chorioideus läßt sich eine überwiegend kompetitive Hemmung der Aufnahme von cAMP nachweisen. Probenecid hemmt ferner nichtkompetitiv eine für cAMP hochaffine Phosphodiesterase des Rattenhirns mit einer Inhibitorkonstante von 3.4×10−3M. Nachdem Probenecid als Testsubstanz in der neurologisch-psychiatrischen Diagnostik für die Untersuchung des Dopamin- und Serotonin-Umsatzes im Liquor bereits vielfach eingesetzt wird, stützen diese Befunde seine Verwendbarkeit auch für cAMP als second messenger.
    Notes: Summary In rats, probenecid exhibits a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Maximal accumulation is reached 2 h after IP administration at a dosage of 150 mg/kg body weight. Serum levels of cAMP are unchanged after 200 mg/kg probenecid. In vitro investigations show an inhibitory effect of probenecid on the uptake of cAMP into the isolated choroid plexus of the rabbit. A non-competetive inhibition of probenecid on a high affinity fraction of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from rat brain homogenates is demonstrated with an inhibitor constant of 3.4×10−3M. The results appear to validitate the “probenecid test” for cAMP in clinical diagnostics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540038
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoaminmetabolite und zyklische Nukleotide des Liquor cerebrospinalis bei Wismut- und Quecksilber-Encephalopathien (1978)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 226 (1978), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Bismuth ; Mercury ; Encephalopathy ; Cyclic nucleotides ; Monoamines ; Probenecid ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Wismut ; Quecksilber ; Enzephalopathie ; Zyklische Nukleotide ; Monoamine ; Probenezid ; Liquor cerebrospinalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei drei Patienten mit akuter Wismutenzephalopathie und einem Patienten mit chronischer Quecksilberenzephalopathie wurden die Monoaminmetaboliten Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxy-Indolessigsäure (5-HIES) sowie die zyklischen Nukleotide cAMP und cGMP im Liquor cerebrospinalis vor und nach Probenecid-Belastung bestimmt. Bei den Patienten mit Wismutenzephalopathie ergaben sich Hinweise auf Änderungen des Dopamin und des cGMP-Stoffwechsels in Korrelation zum klinischen Schweregrad. Der Anstieg von HVS und von cGMP war im akuten Stadium der schweren Hyposomnie gehemmt und bei einem Patienten in der Rückbildungsphase vermehrt. Bei dem Patienten mit chronischer Hg-Vergiftung war die Akkumulation von HVS fast völlig aufgehoben bei vermehrtem Anstieg von cGMP. Keine eindeutigen Änderungen waren im Verhalten des Serotoninmetaboliten 5-HIES und des cAMP erkennbar. Es wird geschlossen, daß bei Wismut und Quecksilberenzephalopathie der Stoffwechsel von Dopamin und von cGMP im Hirnstamm und im Kleinhirn gestört ist.
    Notes: Summary The central metabolism of dopamine, serotonin, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP was studied by use of the probenecid test in three patients with bismuth encephalopathy and in one patient with mercury encephalopathy. The accumulation of HVA and of cGMP in the cerebrospinal fluid was depressed during the acute phase of bismuth encephalopathy with severe hyposomnia, while it was increased in a patient with regression of clinical symptoms and normal in a patient with more advanced recovery. The patient with chronic mercury poisoning showing a severe cerebellar ataxia and rigidity had an almost complete suppression of HVA accumulation and an increase of cGMP accumulation. No pronounced differences of 5-HIAA and cAMP behavior were found. It is concluded that the central metabolism of dopamine and of cGMP is severely affected in bismuth and mercury encephalopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341709
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 231 (1982), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Human ; Brain atrophy ; Spasticity ; Tumor ; Inflammation ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei neurologischen Patienten wurde die Immunreaktivität für Somatostatin (SLIR) im Liquor cerebrospinalis mit einem spezifischen Radioimmuntest gemessen. Patienten mit Hirnatrophie hatten signifikant verminderte, Patienten mit spinaler Spastik signifikant erhöhte SLIR-Werte. Auch bei Patienten mit malignen Hirntumoren und mit entzündlichen Prozessen fanden sich erhöhte Werte, während Patienten mit Epilepsie gering und nicht signifikant erniedrigte SLIR-Spiegel hatten. Die mögliche pathophysiologische Bedeutung einer erhöhten Aktivität spinaler somatostatinerger Neurone bei Spastik und Ursachen der Änderungen bei cerebralen Prozessen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Using a specific radioimmunoassay we have measured somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLIR) of CSF in patients with brain atrophy, spinal spasticity, seizures, brain tumors and inflammatory disorders. Patients with marked brain atrophy had significantly decreased somatostatin levels in CSF. In patients with spinal spasticity significantly higher levels were observed. Seizure patients had reduced levels but the difference was not significant. In patients with inflammatory disorders and malignant brain tumors SLIR levels were significantly elevated but not in patients with benign brain tumors. A possible pathophysiologic meaning of SLIR in spasticity and seizures is discussed. The altered levels in brain atrophy, tumors and inflammatory disorders are probably indirect signs of altered somatostatin turnover or increased somatostatin leakage from damaged CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343993
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P-like immunoreactivity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the ventricular fluid of patients with chronic pain syndromes (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 241 (1991), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Substance P ; Somatostatin ; Chronic pain ; Cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Substance P-like and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities (SPLI and SLI) were determined in ventricular fluid of patients with chronic pain syndromes and in a comparison group with multiple sclerosis, essential tremor, epilepsy and postanoxic myoclonus. Concentrations of SPLI and SLI were non-significantly decreased by 40% and 33% in chronic pain patients as compared with control patients without pain. There were no differences apparent between subgroups of pain patients (deaferentation pain, neoplasia-induced pain, thalamic pain). High pressure liquid chromatography combined with radioimmunoassay showed marked heterogeneity of SPLI and SLI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191152
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of DSIP- (delta sleep-inducing peptide) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated) immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1987), S. 16-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Delta sleep-inducing peptide ; Alzheimer's disease ; Senile dementia ; Parkinson's disease ; Cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like (DSIP-LI) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated, Ser7) immunoreactivity (P-DSIP-LI) were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type [SDAT, subdivided into early (S1), middle (S2) and late dementia (S3)], multi-infarct dementia (MD), Parkinson's disease (PD), vascular disease (VD) and communicating hydrocephalus (H), as well as in control patients (C1, C2). Mean DSIP-LI and P-DSIP-LI concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the elderly control group (C1, mean age 83±5 years) than in the middle-aged control group (C2, mean age 40±16 years). DSIP-LI and P-DSIP-LI were positively correlated with age in both control groups. Significant decreases of DSIP-LI compared with age-matched controls (C1) were observed for S2, S3, MD, PD, VD and H. In contrast, no significant differences corresponding to pathology were found for P-DSIP-LI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314191
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