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  • Chemistry  (13)
  • Proteinuria  (3)
  • Craniosynostosis  (2)
  • Ketoconazole  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 707-712 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ketoconazole ; Androgens ; Inhibition of adrenal androgen secretion ; Hirsutism ; Hyperandrogenism therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of ketoconazole on adrenal androgen secretion was examined in 15 patients with elevated serum androgens. In a dose of 600 mg per day orally ketoconazole inhibited the biosynthesis of all measured androgens. The mean reduction in serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was 32%, of dehydroepiandrosterone 54%, of androstenedione 52%, and of testosterone 43%; mean serum levels of cortisol only fell by 19%. The reduction in serum androgen levels was first significant 24 h after beginning of treatment and persisted as long as the drug was administered. We conclude that ketoconazole inhibits adrenal androgen biosynthesis more pronouncedly than cortisol biosynthesis. This might be of clinical benefit in the treatment of hirsutism and other states of androgen hypersecretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Etomidate ; Ketoconazole ; Steroid biosynthesis ; Adrenal gland ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The narcotic agent etomidate and the antimycotic drug ketoconazole are known to block steroid biosynthesis in man. To study the different effects of these imidazole derivatives on human adrenal steroid biosynthesis we incubated slices of human adrenal glands with 3H-labeled precursors and increasing concentrations of etomidate or ketoconazole (0-2000 μM). After extraction the labeled metabolites were separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantified by scintillation counting. Etomidate inhibited most potently 11β-hydroxylase activity by suppressing the formation of corticosterone from 11-deoxycorticosterone to 1 % of control [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.03 μM] while ketoconazole suppressed 11β-hy-droxylase to only 39% of control activity (IC50 15 μM). Ketoconazole however, most potently blocked the conversion of 17α-hydroxy-proges-terone to androstenedione by C17,20-desmolase to about 15% of control activity (IC50 1 μM) while etomidate showed a much weaker effect on this enzyme with a suppression to 50% of C17,20-desmolase control activity at a concentration of 380 μM. Both imidazole drugs showed a similar strong inhibitory effect on the activity of 17α-hy-droxylase (IC50 6-18 μM) and 16α-hydroxylase (IC50 4–8 μM) and did not affect 21-hydroxylase. These in vitro data indicate a predominant inhibitory effect of etomidate on corticosteroid biosynthesis by relative selective inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase and of ketoconazole on the adrenal androgen biosynthesis by a predominant inhibition of C17,20-desmolase. This differential inhibitory effect of etomidate and ketoconazole on human steroid biosynthesis may be of clinical importance for a possible therapeutic use of these imidazole derivatives in endocrine disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 711-717 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Alpha-1-microglobulin ; Beta-2-microglobulin ; Proteinuria ; Renal insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha-1-m) is a low molecular weight glycoprotein (mw 25–33 KD) that is filtered through the glomeruli and reabsorbed in the proximal parts of the renal tubules where it is catabolized. Normal ranges were established for alpha-1-m (100 healthy controls) in serum (20–42 mg/l) and urine (3.5–8 mg/l). Alpha-1-m was then measured in 341 urine samples whose protein pattern had been classified as “pathologic” and “normal” according to microelectrophoresis. Increased alpha-1-m concentrations were found in 266 out of 280 pathologic urines (5% false negative) and in 3 out of 61 normal urines (4% false positive). Beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-m), total protein or protein test strips showed a poorer correlation to the electrophoretic results. Measurement of alpha-1-m is, therefore, the most sensitive of these methods for the detection of proteinuria. In 90 patients with low molecular weight proteinuria and either with or without renal insufficiency alpha-1-m concentrations were determined in both urine and serum. While all patients had elevated urinary alpha-1-m concentrations, increased serum values were only found in renal insufficiency (Ccrea〈100 ml/min). Independently of these results, we were also able to establish that increased alpha-1-m levels are found at decreased glomerular filtration rates (Ccrea 〈70 ml/min). Pathologic alpha-1-m concentrations therefore only allow the conclusion of isolated tubular impairment when the GFR is greater than 70 ml/min. Data from 350 patients with various renal and hypertensive diseases showed that serum alpha-1-m is a more sensitive indicator of renal insufficiency, even in the so-called “creatinine blind” range (60–100 ml/min) of the GFR than either creatinine or beta-2-m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Proteinuria ; Kidney transplantation ; Kidney preservation ; HTK solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Investigations were carried out by means of an autologous, heterotopic model for kidney transplantation applied to dogs. Duration of cold ischemia was 48 h. Four experimental groups were arranged. During the first 20 min following revitalization of the transplanted kidney, group 1 (HTK solution/80 cm perfusion height) showed a significant glomerular and tubular malfunction. In group 2 (HTK solution/120 cm perfusion height), only four urinary proteins with molecular weights of 25 kDa, 67 kDa, 100 kDa and 〉100 kDa were found. The excretion of higher molecular proteins receded over the 20-min period of observation. In both group 3 (HTK/aspartate solution) and group 4 (HTK/tryptophan solution) the quantity of excreted glomerular and tubular protein was well above that of group 2. As opposed to the “Tryptophan” group, a complete restoration of renal function was observed in the “Aspartate” group after 4 weeks. In general, the “standard” HTK protective solution delivered with 120 cm perfusion pressure gave the most favorable results, with the lowest levels of proteinuria and a satisfactory recovery of renal function after revitalization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 796-799 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bird-headed dwarfism ; Craniosynostosis ; Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism ; Osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism ; Seckel syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract We report on a 13-month old boy with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD), whose radiographic signs correspond with type II of this entity. Some of his clinical signs, such as the anomalies of the external genitalia and the urinary tract, are common to this subgroup of MOPD, but he also shows unusual clinical signs including bilateral knee dislocation and hypoplasia of the anterior corpus callosum. His clinical course was unusual with several episodes of breathing difficulties and increased intracranial pressure secondary to craniosynostosis at the age of 16 months. After fronto-orbital advancement for the treatment of brachycephaly, his psychomotor development improved remarkably. Conclusion MOPD type II may have a wider range of expression than previously delineated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 796-799 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Bird-headed dwarfism ; Craniosynostosis ; Microcephalic ; osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism ; Osteodysplastic primordial ; dwarfism ; Seckel syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a 13-month old boy with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD), whose radiographic signs correspond with type II of this entity. Some of his clinical signs, such as the anomalies of the external genitalia and the urinary tract, are common to this subgroup of MOPD, but he also shows unusual clinical signs including bilateral knee dislocation and hypoplasia of the anterior corpus callosum. His clinical course was unusual with several episodes of breathing difficulties and increased intracranial pressure secondary to craniosynostosis at the age of 16 months. After fronto-orbital advancement for the treatment of brachycephaly, his psychomotor development improved remarkably. Conclusion MOPD type II may have a wider range of expression than previously delineated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 246 (1989), S. 97-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Hypertensive pregnancy ; Proteinuria ; SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Western blot ; Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By using of modified urine preparation and a highly sensitive SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) we determined the urinary protein profile in 21 healthy males, 25 healthy females, 64 patients with uncomplicated pregnancy and 110 hypertensive pregnant women. The urinary protein patterns were similar in controls and in women with a normal pregnancy. There were no increase in the number of protein bands from the 1st trimester to term, and the electrophoresis pattern did not change in the postpartum period. In both groups, an intensively stained protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 105 kD was detected. The 105 kD band was significantly reduced or completely absent in 91 (83%) out of 110 hypertensive pregnant women. The urinary protein electrophoresis profile correlated significantly with the severity of the disease. The 105 kD band disappeared just before or simultaneously with the onset of clinical symptoms in 18 out of 32 hypertensive pregnant women followed throughout pregnancy. Postpartum the 105 kD in urine reappeared at 2 to 14 days after delivery in 49 of the 53 patients. Using a silver staining and Western blot, the 105 kD band was identified as Tamm-Horsfall protein, which is identical to the immunosuppressive glycoprotein uromodulin. The findings in the SDS-PAGE may reflect a transitory tubular dysfunction in cases of pre-eclampsia, which is usually reversible after delivery. The results of our study support the hypothesis of an immunological basis for this disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 20 (1997), S. 208-211 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of a process analysis and an experimental exploratory study of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) show that elements of combustion technology are suitable to overcome the technical problems of SCWO. The Film Cooled Hydrothermal Burner (FCHB) which operates at 25 MPa up to 2000 K in the reaction zone keeping wall temperature under stress at 300 to 400 K shows further development potential of the Wallcooled Hydrothermal Burner (WHB) concept for SCWO, a still promising waste treatment process.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 24 (1993), S. 392-396 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Deposition of conductive and nonconductive hard coatings on metallic and ceramic materials by RF-PA-CVDConductive titanium nitride and nonconductive aluminium oxide layers were deposited on conductive and nonconductive substrates by a RF-PA-CVD process. The influence of substrate material, pressure, plasma power and the components of the gas mixture on the layer properties was investigated.TiN coatings with a homogeneous structure could be deposited by using TiCl4 as precursor. The properties of the layer are strongly influenced by the substrate material. An increasing pressure causes a faster deposition rate and a higher chlorine content. A lower chlorine content and at the same time a faster deposition rate can be achieved by increasing the r.f. power.Aluminium and aluminium oxide layers could be deposited on steel and Si3N4 substrates by using AlCl3 as precursor in dependence on the CO2 content in gas mixture. Higher CO2 content facilitates the deposition of aluminium oxide.
    Notes: Mit einem Hochfrequenz-Plasma-CVD-Verfahren wurden elektrisch leitende TiN-Schichten und nichtleitende Al2O3-Schichten auf leitende wie nichtleitende Substrate aufgebracht. Der Einfluß des Grundwerkstoffes sowie der Versuchsparameter Druck, Plasmaleistung und Prozeßgaszusammensetzung auf die Schichteigenschaften wurde untersucht.Mit TiCl4 als Precursor konnten TiN-Schichten mit einem homogenen Schichtaufbau hergestellt werden. Die Schichteigenschaften sind deutlich vom Grundwerkstoff abhängig. Eine Steigerung des Systemdruckes hat einen Anstieg der Abscheiderate und des Chlorgehaltes zur Folge. Eine Erhöhung der Plasmaleistung führt zur Senkung des Chlorgehaltes bei leicht gesteigerter Abscheiderate.Mit AlCl3 als Spendermedium konnten in Abhängigkeit vom CO2-Prozeßgasanteil Aluminium- oder Aluminiumoxidschichten auf Stahl- und Si3N4-Substraten abgeschieden werden. Höhere CO2-Anteile begünstigen die Abscheidung von Aluminiumoxid.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 1271-1276 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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