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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1992), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebrospinal fluid flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac-related motion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated by analysis of the velocity-dependent phase of CSF protons and flow-dependent signal enhancement in magnitude images using ECG-gated FLASH sequences. In the cerebral aqueduct, CSF flow from the third to the fourth ventricle begins 200 msafter the R-wave of the ECG and simulates an arterial pulse wave pattern. It lasts about 60% of the cardiac cycle and is followed by backflow from the fourth to the third ventricle, which is slower and shorter. In the spinal canal, oscillating caudad motion precedes flow from the third to the fourth ventricle by about 50–100 ms and issuperimposed on a bulk flow, which moves simultaneously in opposite directions in separate subarachnoid channels; it is directed mainly caudally in the anterior cervical subarachnoid space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1992), S. 10-15 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid flow ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Real time ; Yawning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the cerebral aqueduct and spinal canal was analysed using real-time magnetic resonance imaging measurement techniques. Respiration-induced rhythmic modulation of the cardiacrelated oscillating CSF pulsation in the cerebral aqueduct and spinal canal was found. Deep inspiration was immediately followed by a marked increase in downward CSF flow in the cervical spinal canal, whereas a delay of about two heart beats was seen before downward flow from the third to the fourth ventricle increased. This pattern was also detected during yawning and was followed by a marked increase of blood flow in the internal jugular vein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 399-407 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sodium imaging ; Brain tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve patients with different diseases of the brain were examined with sodium and proton MRI at 1.5 Tesla and the results of both studies compared. Due to the 1500-fold lower concentration in the body, the decreased sensitivity and the shorter relaxation times of sodium compared with hydrogen a sequence with gradient reversal and a volume imaging method was applied to achieve a short echo time (4.5 ms). As a result of the mainly extracellular distribution of sodium the CSF spaces are depicted by their high signal intensity while the normal parenchyma is not visible. Changes induced by encephalitis, ischemic infarction and tumors can also be detected by their increased sodium content. Different tumors provided different signal intensities, not always permitting a distinction between tumor, surrounding edema and CSF. The diagnostic impact of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 385-389 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain shrinking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging of the intracranial CSF volume was compared before and after 5 weeks of confirmed abstinence in 9 alcohol-dependent patients. All patients showed a highly significant reduction in CSF volume in accordance with reexpansion of the brain after alcohol abstinence. T2 values for white matter, estimated by linear regression from 16 echoes of a CPGM sequence, however, showed no significant increase such as occurs in rehydration. This indicates, that alcohol-induced reversible brain atrophy cannot be attributed to fluctuation of free water in the brain only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Intracranial dermoid cyst ; 3D chemical-shift-selective imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a man with a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, suffering from headache, nausea, vomiting and a generalised seizure. MRI was performed before and 2 weeks after surgical resection. On T 1-weighted images the tumour gave high signal, as did fatty material in the frontal and parietal brain sulci. Identification of this hyperintense material as lipids was possible by chemical-shift-selective 3 D gradient-echo imaging, which provided excellent contrast between the subarachnoid lipids and the adjacent normal brain, with a good spatial resolution. Possible complications of subarachnoid and intraventricular lipid particles after dermoid cyst rupture are discussed and the diagnostic value of 3 D chemical-shift-selective additional to conventional T 1-weighted spin-echo images in identification of even small amounts of fat is emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intracranial dermoid cyst ; 3D chemical-shift-selective imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a man with a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, suffering from headache, nausea, vomiting and a generalised seizure. MRI was performed before and 2 weeks after surgical resection. On T1-weighted images the tumour gave high signal, as did fatty material in the frontal and parietal brain sulci. Identification of this hyperintense material as lipids was possible by chemical-shift-selective 3 D gradient-echo imaging, which provided excellent contrast between the subarachnoid lipids and the adjacent normal brain, with a good spatial resolution. Possible complications of subarachnoid and intraventricular lipid particles after dermoid cyst rupture are discussed and the diagnostic value of 3 D chemical-shift-selective additional to conventional T1-weighted spin-echo images in identification of even small amounts of fat is emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lungenrundherde ; Amyloidose ; Bronchialcarcinom ; Computertomographie ; Lungenbiopsie ; Key words Lung nodule ; Amyloidosis ; Bronchial carcinoma ; Computed tomography ; Lung biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report a rare case of pulmonary nodular amyloidosis featuring all typical morphologic alterations associated with this disease; multiple amyloidomas, calcification and cavernous transformation were present. Definite diagnosis was established histologically with CT-guided biopsy. The different types of pulmonary amyloidosis and their radiological appearances are described and discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über einen seltenen Fall einer pulmonalen nodulären Amyloidose mit allen typischen Merkmalen dieser Erkrankung bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen von multiplen Amyloidomen mit Verkalkungen und zentralen Einschmelzungen. Die definitive Diagnose wurde histologisch mit einer CT-gesteuerten Biopsie gesichert. Die verschiedenen Formen der pulmonalen Amyloidose und deren radiologische Erscheinungsbilder werden beschrieben und diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Evoked potentials ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is still a need to prove that even static magnetic fields up to 1.5 T used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are biologically safe and harmless for humans. Recordings of median and ulnar nerves and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in 20 patients were completed prior to and after MRI investigation of the central nervous system. Neither the somatosensory nor the auditory evoked potentials exhibited any significant change of latencies, interpeak latencies or amplitudes. Since these electrophysiological parameters are highly dependent on the quality of nerve conduction and integrity of information processing in various nuclei, it may be assumed that MRI causes no lasting changes in either respect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 356 (1982), S. 141-149 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Acute pancreatitis ; Computed tomography ; Ultrasound ; Operative treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die „stadiengerechte Therapie” der akuten Pankreatitis, die jedem Schweregrad der Erkrankung angemessen ist, besteht neben der konservativen Basistherapie und Intensivmedizin im richtigen Einsatz operativer Maßnahmen. Voraussetzung dafür ist die frühe Diagnose und Beurteilung des Schweregrades der akuten Pankreatitis. Neben klinischen und klinisch-chemischen Befunden und dem Verlauf unter konservativer Therapie ermöglichen die Sonographie und die Computer-Tomographie eine bessere Beurteilung der jeweiligen Verlaufsform. Die für die Klinik der Erkrankung so wichtigen morphologischen Veränderungen der Bauchspeicheldrüse und ihrer Umgebung werden durch diese neuartigen Untersuchungsmethoden transparenter. Wäh rend bei der leichten Pankreatitis die Sonographie als erstes morphologisches Untersuchungsverfahren eingesetzt wird, besteht bei den schweren Verlaufsformen eine klassische Indikation zur Computer-Tomographie. Durch Einsatz von Sonographie und Computer-Tomographie läßt sich die Indikation zur frühzeitigen oder verzögerten Operation der hämorrhagisch-nekrotisierenden Pankreatitis, die bisher nach klinischen Kriterien erfolgte, in den meisten Fällen exakter stellen.
    Notes: Summary Adequate stage-depending therapy of acute pancreatitis includes basic conservative treatment, intensive care measurements, and operative interventions depending on the grade of severity. Prerequisites are early diagnosis and accurate clinical assessment of the stage of severity. Beside clinical and laboratory findings, as well as the development of acute pancreatitis under conservative treatment, sonography and computed tomography allow a better prediction of the underlying morphological changes, thus leading to an exact staging of the patient's individual situation. Sonography is regarded a screening procedure of high accuracy in mild forms of acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography is the method of choice in all severe forms of this disease. The indication for immediate or delayed operative treatment of hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis, heretofore depending on clinical findings solely, is supported by these new-invasive diagnostic modalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 802-802 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Crohn's disease ; Ulcerative colitis ; Differential diagnosis ; Computertomographie ; Morbus Crohn ; Colitis ulcerosa ; Differentialdiagnose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit 1981 wurden 109 Patienten mit Morbus Crohn und 31 Patienten mit Colitis ulcerosa prospektiv computertomographisch untersucht. Beim Nachweis colitis- und crohntypischer, extramucöser Befunde wie Fisteln, Abscesse, Darmwandverdickung und Mesenterialveränderungen war die CT der herkömmlichen radiologischen Diagnostik überlegen. Der hochfloriden Colitis ulcerosa und dem Colon-Crohn konnten computertomographisch typische Wandschichtungen zugeordnet werden, die in 4 von 6 unklaren Fällen mit reinem Colonbefall zur richtigen Diagnose führten. Der Stellenwert der CT in der präoperativen Abklärung und der Differentialdiagnose unklarer Colitiden wird unterstrichen.
    Notes: Summary Since 1981, 109 patients with Crohn's disease and 31 patients with ulcerative colitis have been investigated prospectively by computed tomography (CT). In the diagnosis of fistulas, abscesses, thickening of the bowel wall, and mesenteric pathology, CT was more sensitive than the usual radiological procedure. Pathognomonic layering of the bowel wall was demonstrated by CT in higly active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon. In 4 of 6 obscure cases of colitis, a clear distinction between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was possible. The value of CT in preoperative assessment and differential diagnosis is to be emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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