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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    D600 prolongs inactivation of the contractile system in frog twitch fibres (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 410 (1987), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Twitch fibre ; K-contracture ; Inactivation ; D600
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract (1) Single twitch fibres were dissected from tibialis muscles ofRana temporaria and used to study the effect of D600 (gallopamil) on potassium-induced contractures. (2) 95 mM K-Ringer's was applied for 8–15 s at intervals of generally 2.5–5 min; at temperatures of 6–8°C and in the absence of D600 the amplitude of the contractures remained fairly constant. After pretreatment with D600 (30 μM) a single (conditioning) K-contracture was sufficient to ‘paralyze’ the fibres (cf. Eisenberg et al. 1983). (3) Complete paralysis could also be achieved at 18–20°C. In three fibres a single conditioning K-application was sufficient; in two more fibres two or three conditioning K-applications were required. (4) D600-paralysis could not only be achieved with high K-concentrations but also by conditioning with subor suprathreshold K-concentrations (20–40 mM); the duration of the conditioning periods required to induce complete paralysis was approximately the same before and after D600-treatment. (5) Contractures were partially abolished by application of 20–40 mM K-Ringer's for short conditioning periods; after D600-treatment the degree of contracture loss was similar. (6) At low temperature the state of partial or complete paralysis induced by subthreshold K-concentrations and D600 was maintained for long periods of time. (7) The presence of 10 mM Ca2+ did not protect the fibres from being paralyzed by treatment with D600 and high K-Ringer's at low temperature; however, more than one conditioning K-application was required. (8) Resting and action potentials of paralyzed fibres were not significantly different from control values. However, endplate potentials were reduced in size, and failure of neuromuscular transmission was observed in some of these fibres. (9) It is concluded that D600 prolongs the state of inactivation of the contractile mechanism, while the development of inactivation does not seem to be markedly affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581899
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of D600 on potassium contractures of slow muscle fibres ofRana temporaria (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 412 (1988), S. 390-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Slow fibre ; K-Contracture ; D600 ; Inactivation ; Repriming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract (1) The effect of 30 μM D600 on the amplitude and time course of isometric contractures was studied in single slow fibres ofRana temporaria. (2) D600 only slightly reduced the amplitude of contractures evoked with 30 or 95 mM K-Ringer's. Maintenance of tension was strongly impaired by D600 only during exposure to 95 mM K. The caffeine contracture was not affected. (3) Addition of 10 mM Ca2+ or other divalent cations to the medium strongly counteracted the effect of D600 on maintained tension. The order of efficiency was Ca2+=Ni2+〉Co2+〉Mn2+〉Mg2+. (4) During 2 min exposure to 95 mM K-Ringer's the slow fibres inactivated to a variable degree; recovery from inactivation in normal Ringer's proceeded with a half time of the order of 1 min, while in the presence of D600 recovery was prolonged 3.3 to 27 times. (5) It is concluded that the effect of D600 on the contractile behaviour of slow fibres fromRana temporaria is predominantly due to a prolongation of the inactivated state. It is suggested that D600 binds to a site at the outer membrane surface which also binds divalent cations and determines the degree of contractile inactivation during exposure to potassium. Blocking of Ca2+ channels is unlikely to be the mechanism of this D600-effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907557
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive action of divalent cations and D600 in frog slow muscle fibers (1989)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 112 (1989), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: slow fiber ; K contracture ; D600 ; divalent cations ; competitive binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Single, slow muscle fibers fromRana temporaria were equilibrated in normal Ringer's. 95 mmol/liter K1-solution containing various concentrations of Ca2+, Ni2+, Mn2 or Mg2+ was applied, and the ensuing contractures were recorded isometrically. While peak tension (F max) was little affected, maintained tension (measured 1 min after onset of contracture) strongly depended on the concentration and species of divalent cations. Tension was maintained at its peak value in the presence of all species of divalent cations provided their concentrations were adequately increased. Dose-response curves were hyperbolic: Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed straight lines with different slopes intersecting near 1/F max, and indicating the following order of efficiency: Ni2+〉Ca2+〉Mn2+〉〉Mg2+. Hill plots for these cations resulted in straight lines with slopes near 1. Qualitatively similar relationships were obtained with contracture solutions containing D6000 (3–12 μmol/liter). However, under these conditions higher concentrations of Ca2+ or Ni2+ were required in order to fully maintain tension. After a step concentration change in the medium during contracture, the effects of Ca2+ or D600 were detectable only after a delay of 9 and 18 sec, respectively. It is concluded that divalent cations and D600 compete for the same binding site according to a 1:1 reaction. This site is presumably located inside the transverse tubular system and controls inactivation of the contractile force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871279
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desaktivierungsverhalten von Arenen und Heteroarenen. XXXVI. Zum Lösungsmittel- und Temperatureinfluß auf das Desaktivierungsverhalten von 9, 9′-Bis(acridizinium-yl) bei hohen Konzentrationen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deactivation Behaviour of Arenes and Heteroarenes. XXXVI. The Solvent and Temperature Dependence of Deactivation Behaviour of 9, 9′-Bis(acridizinium-yl) at High ConcentrationAt room temperature the geometrical structure of the fluoresceing singlet state of 9, 9′-bis(acridizinium-yl) is determined by the solvent. In solvents of the type A (water, methanol, acetonitril) a plain S1-state emits, in the case of the solvent type B (ethanol, propanol-(2)) the S1-state is twisted. Both excited states have different emission spectroscopical properties.At high concentration (c ≥ 10-4 mol l-1) in the case of the solvent type B a new emission band is observed, and the monomer emission is quenched. This new band is interpreted as a fluorescence from a molecular associate in the excited state. The intensity of this associate band is increasing with decreasing temperature. It is shown that this band is the result of molecular association in the ground state. From the photochemical irradiation it follows that only in the case of the solvent type B a photocycloaddition is possible. The plain S1-state does not react.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Massenspektroskopische Charakterisierung von ω-ChloralkylphenylphosphanenHerrn Prof. Dr. Siegfried Engels (Halle/S.) anläßlich seines 65. Geburtstages gewidmet (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 339 (1997), S. 482-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Mass Spectrometric Characterization of ω-Chloralkylphenylphosphines
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19973390187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einige Beobachtungen über die Viskosität von Lösungen des KURROLschen Salzes (KPO3)x in Abhängigkeit von den Herstellungsvoraussetzungen (1955)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 2 (1955), S. 196-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Viskosität von Lösungen des sogenannten KURROLschen Kaliumsalzes (KPO3)x ist nicht nur abhängig von den Herstellungsbedingungen, insbesondere der Temperaturführung, sowie vom genauen Molverhältnis K2O:P2O5 des Ausgangsmaterials und  -  hierdurch bedingt  -  vom Grad der Vernetzung der Polyphosphatketten, sondern auch von der Anwesenheit geringer Verunreinigungen. So läßt sich der höchstviskose Typ nur aus völlig arsenfreien Ausgangsprodukten darstellen. Arsen (V) wird in die Polyphosphatanionen eingebaut. Beim Behandeln mit Wasser hydrolysiert Arsen (V) momentan als Orthoarsenat heraus, wodurch Kettenbruch eintritt, und man erhält Lösungen von geringerer Viskosität, was schon merklich ist, wenn auf 106 Atome P 1 Atom Arsen kommt. Hieraus wird geschlossen, daß der durchschnittliche Kondensationsgrad der Polyphosphatanionen im höchstviskosen KURROLschen Kaliumsalz mindestens von der Größenordnung 106 sein muß.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19550020402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über makromolekulare Verbindungen. 241. Mitteilung. Über Polyester (1940)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 155 (1940), S. 129-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19401550601
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektrophile Additionen an ω-Methoxyolefine (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 956-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Addition verschiedener elektrophiler Agenzien an ω-Methoxyolefine wurde untersucht, um Aufschluß über eine Methoxygruppenbeteiligung zu erhalten. Eine derartige Beteiligung konnte bei der Addition von Chlor und Brom an 5-Methoxypenten-(1) nachgewiesen werden; hier entstehen zu 10-15% die entsprechenden 2-Halogenmethyltetrahydrofurane, und zu 50-60% tritt Umlagerung unter Verschiebung der Methoxygruppe ein. Die Addition von Chlor oder Brom an 6-Methoxyhexen-(1) liefert zu 15-20% die entsprechenden 2-Halogenmethyltetrahydropyrane, eine Methoxylgruppenwanderung ist nicht nachweisbar. Die Reaktion von Chlor oder Brom mit 4-Methoxybuten-(1) und mit 7-Methoxyhepten-(1) liefert ausschließlich 1, 2-Additionsprodukte.Bei der Anlagerung von Chlor an Allyl-methyl-äther erhält man außer 73% 2,3-Dichlor-1-methoxypropan infolge nebenher ablaufender Dreikomponentenreaktionen 12% 1,2,3-Trichlorpropan, 7% 1,3-Dimethoxy-2-chlorpropan und 8% 1, 2-Dimethoxy-3-chlorpropan. Bei der Addition von 2,4-Dinitrophenylsulfenylchlorid und von Quecksilberacetat an ω-Methoxyolefine tritt weder Umlagerung noch Ringschluß ein. Mit 2, 4-Dinitrophenylsulfenylchlorid entstehen nebeneinander Markownikow- und anti-Markownikow-Produkte, der Anteil des Markownikow-Produktes steigt mit wachsender Kettenlänge vom Allyl-methyl-äther bis zum 7-Methoxyhepten-(1).
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130523
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektrophile Additionen an cis,cis-Cyclooctadien-(1,5) (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 312 (1970), S. 622-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Elektrophile Additionen an Cyclooctadien-(1,5) können unter transannularer Beteiligung der zweiten Doppelbindung zu Bicylo [3,3,0] octanderivaten führen. Diese entstehen allerdings nur, wenn starke Protonsäuren, starke Lewis-Säuren oder Chlor als elektrophile Agenzien angewandt werden.Elektrophile Additionen in Methanol oder in Essigsäure als Lösungsmittel führen im ersten Reaktionsschritt vorzugsweise zu nicht umgelagerten Dreikomponentenprodukten; der elektrophile Angriff auf die zweite Doppelbindung erfolgt dann unter transannularer Beteiligung der OMe- oder OAc-Gruppe und führt zu Gemischen aus 9-Oxa-bicyclo[3,3,1]-nonan- und 9-Oxa-bicyclo[4,2,1]nonan-Derivaten.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19703120412
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Photochlorierung des Pentans (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 775-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Chlorination of PentaneThe kinetics of the chlorination of pentane were studied and the concentration course of the mono- and dichlorpentanes calculated with the aid of an analog-computer. The relative reactivities of different C—H-bonds were determined from the rate constants. The structure of the diastereomeres formed is discussed.
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Pentanchlorierung wurde untersucht und der Konzentrationsverlauf der Mono- und Dichlorpentane am Analogrechner nachgebildet. Aus den erhaltenen Geschwindigkeitskonstanten wurden C—H-Reaktivitäten ermittelt. Die Struktur der auftretenden Diastereomeren wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19773190513
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