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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computer simulation of the microstructure of a particulate dispersion : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5574-5576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computational simulation of a dispersion of iron particles undertaken to study the influence of the magnetostatic interactions on the microstructure of a particle ensemble is reported herein. The simulation considers an equilibrium state derived from an initial random state by the force-bias Monte Carlo technique. This method favors particle moves in the direction of the magnetostatic forces. A three dimensional ensemble in zero field and a saturating field are studied. An approach which takes into account the magnetostatic interactions between clusters by allowing Monte Carlo moves of whole clusters has been developed. This approach leads to the formation of extended networks consisting of particles in strongly bound clusters which themselves interact and give rise to an extended network. This is similar to the long-range order observed in practical dispersions. The structure analysis is found to characterize the local order, being especially sensitive to anisotropy in the order produced by an aligning field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355643
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of physical structure on δI curves of longitudinal thin film (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4915-4915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conventionally, the simulation of thin films has been carried out using an HCP structure to represent its physical structure. Such an idealized structure has been shown to overestimate the effect of interparticle coupling by using an homogeneous exchange coupling scheme. A more realistic approach to represent physical structure has been undertaken by generating a system of grains which lie on a radially isotropic structure and have a nonuniform volume distribution. Interaction effects can be shown by computing δI curves formed through the comparison of the remanence curves using the Wohlfarth relation. To generate an isothermal remanence curve (IRM), a realistic ac erased state is necessary which has been carried out by using a simulated annealing technique. A comparison has been made to determine the effect of physical structure on the bulk properties by computing hysteresis loops, remanence curves, and δI curves. To reduce statistical error these have been averaged over four different sets of easy axes. The loops indicate that an irregular physical structure leads to an increase in the coercivity and decrease in the squareness. The dc-demagnetization curves show an increase in remanent coercivity; this can be attributed to the random physical structure decreasing the size of magnetically correlated regions within the microstructure. The effect of the physical microstructure on the δI curves will be discussed in full in the paper. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361585
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyroelectric detector for particle beams (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 732-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For ion beams used for ion beam etching and sputtering in electronic device technology and for monitoring plasma wall interactions, a pyroelectric detector has been developed to measure the current density of neutralized ions and the fraction of the total beam which is neutralized. The pyroelectrically induced charges due to beam heating of a PVDF film and the deposited charge from the ion beam are measured with a charge sensitive and current sensitive amplifier, respectively. The pyroelectric detector has a sensitivity of 1000 V/W and 1/e response time of 2 s. Beam current densities in the range 0.01–100 μA/cm2 of 1 keV particle energy can be measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of work function and surface microstructure on field emission of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6002-6010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The work function of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) has been measured by Kelvin probe to lie in the range 4–5 eV, irrespective of its sp3 content or nitrogen addition. This implies that the surface barrier to emission is dominant and that emission changes caused by sp3 bonding or nitrogen addition are not directly due to changes in work function. Hydrogen, oxygen, and argon plasma treatments are all found to increase the emission of a-C, but hydrogen and argon treatments are found to reduce the work function while oxygen treatment increases it. Detailed studies of the surface with varying plasma treatment conditions suggest that the changes in emission arise mainly from changes in the surface microstructure, such as the formation of sp2 regions within the sp3 bulk. The need for local field enhancement mechanisms to account for emission over the sizeable barrier is emphasized, which may arise from local chemical nonhomogeneity, or formation of nanometer-size sp2 clusters embedded in an sp3 matrix. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1314874
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mathematical modeling of the acquisition of gyroremanent magnetization in a single domain particle (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4481-4483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The origins of gyroremanent magnetization (GRM) in single domain particles are studied using a dynamic model based on the Landau–Lifschitz equation. The results show an asymmetry in the motion of the magnetic moment of a particle with three unequal axes of anisotropy. This asymmetry is interpreted in terms of an effective bias field which gives a good qualitative explanation of the origins of GRM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344888
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress reduction and bond stability during thermal annealing of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7191-7197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive study of the stress release and structural changes caused by postdeposition thermal annealing of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) on Si has been carried out. Complete stress relief occurs at 600–700 °C and is accompanied by minimal structural modifications, as indicated by electron energy loss spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical gap measurements. Further annealing in vacuum converts sp3 sites to sp2 with a drastic change occurring after 1100 °C. The field emitting behavior is substantially retained up to the complete stress relief, confirming that ta-C is a robust emitting material. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370531
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of a current-controlled three-terminal Nb–InxGa1−xAs/InP Josephson contact (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2348-2350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The supercurrent in a Nb–In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.77Ga0.23As/InP weak link structure is controlled by means of a current injected into the two-dimensional electron gas. For small injection currents the critical current to control current ratio is as large as 20. The measured features can be qualitively explained in terms of a modification of the Andreev level occupation by the injected carriers. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122457
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of regular arrays of antidots in YBa2Cu3O7 thin films and observation of vortex lattice matching effects (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 962-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optimized sputtered YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films on CeO2-buffered sapphire substrates are patterned into square lattices of submicrometer holes (antidots) with diameters of 250–450 nm and lattice parameters of d=500–1000 nm without deterioration of superconducting properties. In the mixed state, matching effects between the Abrikosov vortex lattice and the artificial antidot lattice are observed. These effects are in the form of peaks or cusps in the critical current density recorded as a function of magnetic induction at integers n and specific rationals k/l of the matching field Bm=(Φ0/d2). The experimental results are discussed in the context of existing theories. The existence of multiquanta vortices confined by the holes in YBCO films are considered. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119701
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Josephson effect in Nb/two-dimensional electron gas structures using a pseudomorphic InxGa1−xAs/InP heterostructure (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3575-3577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting Nb–In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.77Ga0.23As/InP–Nb contacts with an electrode separation of 450 nm were fabricated. Due to the high mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas, the current transport can be described within the clean limit regime. At 0.3 K a critical current of 3.8 μA was obtained for 6 μm wide contacts leading to a characteristic voltage of 190 μV. The decrease of the critical current with increasing temperature can be explained by a theory developed by A. Chrestin, T. Matsuyama, and U. Merkt [Phys. Rev. B 49, 498 (1994)], which takes δ-shaped barriers at the superconductor/semiconductor interfaces into account. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120410
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field emission from tetrahedral amorphous carbon as a function of surface treatment and substrate material (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1594-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To understand the mechanism of electron field emission from diamond-like carbon, tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films were subjected to Ar, H2, and O2 plasma treatments to change their surface condition and were deposited on substrates of different work function. The threshold fields and current densities for undoped ta-C are found to be significantly improved by the plasma treatments, largely due to an increase in emission site density, while little dependence was found on work function of substrate. This suggests that the main barrier to emission from ta-C is at the front surface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123627
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