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  • Hyperacute xenograft rejection  (2)
  • Pressure sores  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Immunoadsorption ; Ig-Therasorb ; Hyperacute xenograft rejection ; Baboon ; Orthotopic xenotransplantation ; Xenoreactive antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To prevent hyperacute xenograft rejection (HXR) caused by preformed natural antibodies (XNAb) after orthotopic heart xenotransplantation (oXHTx) of landrace pig hearts into baboons, we used immunoadsorption of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA and complement with the reusable Ig-Therasorb column. In addition to functional data, tissue was sampled for histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical analysis. We performed three oXHTx of landrace pig hearts to baboons using extracorporeal circulation (ECC) connected to the immunoadsorption unit. Intraoperative treatment consisted of four cycles of immunoabsorption (IA). One oXHTx of a baboon without IA served as a control. A mismatch of donor and recipient heart size was prevented by selecting a 30–40 % lower body weight of donor pigs than recipients. Four cycles of IA removed more than 80 % of IgG, IgM and IgA, 86 % of anti-pig antibodies and 66 % of complement factors C3 and C4 from plasma. The graft of the control animal failed after 29 min. Orthotopic xenotransplantation with IA was selectively terminated after 100 min, 11 h and 21 h, respectively without any histological signs of HXR in light and electron microscopy. After weaning off from ECC these donor xenografts showed sufficient function with normal ECG and excellent cardiac output in echocardiography and invasive measurement (1.93 ± 0.035 l/min). The myocardium of the control xenograft demonstrated more deposits of Ig and complement components (C3, C4) than in the IA group. Baboons survive HXR after orthotopic pig heart xenotransplantation due to antibody depletion by reusable Ig-Therasorb column treatment. Long-term survival in an orthotopic baboon xenotransplantation model after IA, especially in combination with transgenic pig organs, could be a reliable preclinical trial for future clinical xenotransplantation programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Ischemic time ; Hyperacute xenograft rejection ; Xenotransplantation ; Ig-Therasorb column ; Immunoadsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In xenotransplantation long ischemic time of grafts is supposed to have a marked influence on hyperacute rejection (HXR). We investigated the influence of different cold ischemic times on HXR of ex vivo “working pig hearts” perfused with human blood. Xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNAb) as a trigger of HXR were eliminated by Ig-Therasorb immunoadsorption (IA). Explanted Landrace pig hearts of group G1 and group G3 (with additional IA) underwent 4 h of cold ischemia prior to xenoperfusion. Control groups G2 and G4 (with IA) were kept ischemic for only 46.6 ± 15.8 and 51.2 ± 4.2 min, respectively. Ischemic time prolonged the perfusion time in our working heart model (G1: 356 ± 46.1 min; G2: 125 ± 31 min; P 〈 0.05). IA had no additional impact on perfusion time but was effective by itself. The heart weight increased fourfold more in G2 as compared to the other groups. IA without ischemia significantly improved cardiac output in G4 (G3: 198.8 ± 15.4 mL/min; G4: 338.5 ± 16.0 mL/min). Coronary flow in G2 was significantly lower than in G1 (G1: 157.9 ± 9.15 mL/min; G2: 59.4 ± 20.1 mL/min). Histological signs of HXR (light and electron microscopy) could be found in G2 in contrast to the other groups. Parameters of serological damage showed a minimum in G4 and the maximum in G2. In G1 XNAb were nearly equally eliminated immediately after the start of xenoperfusion as in IA groups G4 and G3. Four hours of ischemic time showed beneficial effects in preventing HXR, possibly caused by changes of the endothelial cell surface (for example, glycosylation or loss of α1–3Gal epitopes with a hapten effect).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Pressure sores ; Sacrum ; Ischium ; Femoral trochanter ; Myocutaneous flap ; Dekubitalulzera ; Sakral ; Ischial ; Trochanter ; Myokutane Lappen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Infizierte Dekubitalgeschwüre der Hüft- und Beckenregion der Stadien IV–VII nach Campbell erfordern eine Weichteilrekonstruktion, die sowohl eine stabile Abdeckung und Defektauffüllung als auch eine zuverlässige Rezidivprophylaxe darstellt. Muskellappen erfüllen diese Bedingungen in hervorragender Weise. Je nach Ausmaß und Lokalisation des Ulkus mit Prädilektion der Kreuz-, Steiß-, Sitzbein- und Trochanterregion finden bevorzugt der Gluteus-maximus-, der Biceps-femoris- und der Tensor-fasciae-lata-Hautmuskellappen Anwendung. Im Gegensatz dazu reichen primäre Wundverschlüsse, Spalthauttransplantate oder lokale fasziokutane Lappenplastiken für kleinere, oberflächigere Defekte aus. Zwischen 1981 und 1996 behandelten wir 133 Patienten im mittleren Alter von 50 Jahren mit 212 pelvinen Dekubitalulzera aller Stadien. Nach radikalem Debridement analog der Pseudotumortechnik und Abtragung knöcherner Prominenzen erfolgte in 135 Fällen die meist einzeitige Rekonstruktion der uni- und multilokulären Defekte mittels vorrangig der oben erwähnten myokutanen Lappen. Die postoperative allgemeine Komplikationsrate betrug, gemessen an allen durchgeführten Behandlungen, etwa 10–30% unter Beachtung der Mehrfachbenennung. Hinsichtlich der Muskellappenplastiken heilte 1/3 völlig problemlos ein, Lappenteilnekrosen traten in 6%, ein vollständiger Verlust in 2% aller Lappen auf. Somit stellen nach gegenwärtigem Kenntnisstand die myokutanen Lappenplastiken die verläßlichste Definitivversorgung tiefer Dekubitalulzera der Becken- und Hüftregion dar, und zwar unabhängig von der Ulkusgenese.
    Notes: Abstract Infected pelvic pressure sores of Campbell stages IV–VII require soft tissue reconstruction, which means stable, multi-layered filling cover of the defect and reliable prophylaxis of relapse. Myocutaneous flaps meet these conditions well. Depending on the extent and the area of the sore, with predilection for the sacrum, the ischial tuberosity and the femoral trochanter, the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris and tensor fasciae latae muscles are most often used for myocutaneous flaps. Primary sutures, split skin grafts or local fasciocutaneous flaps are often sufficient treatment for smaller, superficial defects. Between 1981 and 1996, 133 patients (average age 50 years) with 212 pelvic pressure sores of all stages were treated in our clinic. After radical decubitus excision with pseudotumor technique and resection of the osseous prominences, one-stage reconstruction of solitary as well as multiple defects was performed with myocutaneous flaps in 135 cases. The postoperative general complication rate for all treatments was about 10–30%. With regard to the muscle flaps, one third healed without any problems, partial flap necrosis occurred in 6% and there was total loss of flap in 2% of all myocutaneous flaps. According to present knowledge, myocutaneous flaps seem to be the most reliable method for definitive covering of deep pelvic pressure sores, independent of the cause of the ulcer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 10 (1987), S. 24-28 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Pressure sores ; Sacral ; Ischial ; Trochanteric ; Myocutaneous flaps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-three patients, mostly paraplegics, were treated for chronic pressure sores Campbell stages IV–VI overlying the sacrum, the ischial tuberosity and the femoral tuberosity. A stable, multi-layered cover of the defect, following excision of the decubiti, could be achieved in one stage using single myocutaneous gluteus maximus and biceps femoris island flaps or, when indicated, a combination of both. The postoperative complication rate was 7/65 (65 myocutaneous flaps were used in 33 patients) or 10.8%. Except for one recurrence due to a traumatic hematoma causing subtotal, external compression of the axial vascular pedicle and consequent partial necrosis of the myocutaneous island flap, all other flaps provided adequate closure and padding. They provided durable cover over a mean follow-up period of 25 months. These results are compared with the relevant literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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