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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Immunoadsorption ; Ig-Therasorb ; Hyperacute xenograft rejection ; Baboon ; Orthotopic xenotransplantation ; Xenoreactive antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To prevent hyperacute xenograft rejection (HXR) caused by preformed natural antibodies (XNAb) after orthotopic heart xenotransplantation (oXHTx) of landrace pig hearts into baboons, we used immunoadsorption of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA and complement with the reusable Ig-Therasorb column. In addition to functional data, tissue was sampled for histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical analysis. We performed three oXHTx of landrace pig hearts to baboons using extracorporeal circulation (ECC) connected to the immunoadsorption unit. Intraoperative treatment consisted of four cycles of immunoabsorption (IA). One oXHTx of a baboon without IA served as a control. A mismatch of donor and recipient heart size was prevented by selecting a 30–40 % lower body weight of donor pigs than recipients. Four cycles of IA removed more than 80 % of IgG, IgM and IgA, 86 % of anti-pig antibodies and 66 % of complement factors C3 and C4 from plasma. The graft of the control animal failed after 29 min. Orthotopic xenotransplantation with IA was selectively terminated after 100 min, 11 h and 21 h, respectively without any histological signs of HXR in light and electron microscopy. After weaning off from ECC these donor xenografts showed sufficient function with normal ECG and excellent cardiac output in echocardiography and invasive measurement (1.93 ± 0.035 l/min). The myocardium of the control xenograft demonstrated more deposits of Ig and complement components (C3, C4) than in the IA group. Baboons survive HXR after orthotopic pig heart xenotransplantation due to antibody depletion by reusable Ig-Therasorb column treatment. Long-term survival in an orthotopic baboon xenotransplantation model after IA, especially in combination with transgenic pig organs, could be a reliable preclinical trial for future clinical xenotransplantation programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aesthetic plastic surgery 16 (1992), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 1432-5241
    Keywords: Gynecomastia ; Mammoplasty ; Subcutaneous mastectomy ; Body contouring ; Male breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This article is a report on long-term followup of a total of 44 serious gynecomastia cases in the stages I–III (according to Deutinger). The treatment consisted of either a semicircular incision and subcutaneous mastectomy or a superiorly or an inferiorly based nipple transposition while performing male reduction mammoplasty. Aesthetically pleasing results could be obtained by a periareolar approach and mastectomy. This inconspicuous procedure is feasible even in massive gynecomastia cases (stage III) or in cases of male breast asymmetry. On the other hand, all cases with breast reduction plasty and nipple transposition resulted in wing-shaped, mainly broad scars, and subjectively unfavorable results. Consequently, we favor the semicircular approach in male reduction mammoplasty in treating serious gynecomastias. With regard to possible male breast cancer etiology, the histological specimen of the mammary gland in gynecomastia is excised prior to any additional liposuction for supplementary body contouring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 74 (2000), S. 129-147 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We prove that the solution operators ${\cal e}_t (\phi , \psi )$ for the nonlinear wave equations with supercritical nonlinearities are not Lipschitz mappings from a subset of the finite-energy space $(\dot {H}^1 \cap L_{\rho +1}) \times L_2$ to $\dot {H}^s_{q'}$ for $t\neq 0$ , and $0\leq s\leq 1,$ $(n+1)/(1/2-1/q')= 1$ . This is in contrast to the subcritical case, where the corresponding operators are Lipschitz mappings ([3], [6]). Here ${\cal e}_t(\phi , \psi )=u(\cdot , t)$ , where u is a solution of $$\left\{\matrix {\partial ^2_tu-\Delta _xu+ m^2u+|u|^{\rho -1}u=0, \, t〉0, \, x \in {\Bbb R}^n,\cr u\vert _{t=0}(x)=\phi (x),\hfill\cr \partial _tu\vert _{t=0}(x)=\psi (x). \hfill}\right.$$ where $n \geq 4, m\geq 0$ and $\rho 〉\rho ^\ast =(n+2)/(n-2)$ in the supercritical case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 367 (1986), S. 87-98 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Knee disarticulation ; Ischemic disease of the legs ; Indication ; Operative technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 35 Patienten mit arteriellen Durchblutungsstörungen der unteren Extremitäten wurde primär oder nach erfolgloser Bypassoperation anstelle einer Oberschenkelamputation eine Exarticulation im Kniegelenk durchgeführt. Davon heilten 24 (67%) primär oder teils sekundär, 11 (31 %) zeigten keine Abheilung des Stumpfes. 4 Wundinfektionen und 7 Nekrosen des stumpfdeckenden Hautsubcutislappens waren die Ursache. Mögliche Einflüsse auf das Ergebnis der Stumpfheilung werden anhand unterschiedlicher Operationstechniken diskutiert. Da die Knieexarticulation der Oberschenkelamputation deutlich überlegen ist, wird aufgrund der hier aufgeführten Untersuchungsergebnisse diese Methode favorisiert.
    Notes: Summary In 35 patients suffering from peripheral ischemic disease of the legs, disarticulation of the knee joint was performed instead of above-knee amputation. Operations were executed primarily or after failed bypass procedures for the salvation of the limb. 24 cases (67%) showed primary or delayed secondary stump healing. In 11 cases (31%), however, no stump healing was achieved due to either a wound infection (4 cases) or a necrosis of the anterior flap covering the weight bearing area of the stump (7 cases). Factors influencing the outcome of stump healing are discussed and different techniques of knee disarticulation are evaluated as to their benefits and disadvantages in ischemic limbs. As the method offers several advantages over above-knee amputation, a more frequent use of knee disarticulation in the surgical treatment of ischemic legs which cannot be preserved by other surgical measures and usually would be amputated at above-knee level is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 309-309 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Ischaemic conduction block ; Small fibre function ; Thermal perception ; Resistance to ischaemia ; Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thermal thresholds were measured during ischaemic compression block in the left forearms of 26 healthy subjects, 10 patients with diabetes mellitus and 6 patients suffering from different kinds of mitochondrial disorders. Cold and warm thresholds in the 6 patients with deficiencies in the respiratory chain increased earlier than in normals. When cold perception was impaired, cold stimuli were perceived as warmth and pinprick perception attenuated. In diabetics cold thresholds were less elevated during ischaemic block than in controls. This was paralleled by tingling paraesthesiae in all groups. The findings show that higher resistance to ischaemic nerve-fibre block in diabetes mellitus is not exclusively based on increased anaerobic metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Ischemic time ; Hyperacute xenograft rejection ; Xenotransplantation ; Ig-Therasorb column ; Immunoadsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In xenotransplantation long ischemic time of grafts is supposed to have a marked influence on hyperacute rejection (HXR). We investigated the influence of different cold ischemic times on HXR of ex vivo “working pig hearts” perfused with human blood. Xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNAb) as a trigger of HXR were eliminated by Ig-Therasorb immunoadsorption (IA). Explanted Landrace pig hearts of group G1 and group G3 (with additional IA) underwent 4 h of cold ischemia prior to xenoperfusion. Control groups G2 and G4 (with IA) were kept ischemic for only 46.6 ± 15.8 and 51.2 ± 4.2 min, respectively. Ischemic time prolonged the perfusion time in our working heart model (G1: 356 ± 46.1 min; G2: 125 ± 31 min; P 〈 0.05). IA had no additional impact on perfusion time but was effective by itself. The heart weight increased fourfold more in G2 as compared to the other groups. IA without ischemia significantly improved cardiac output in G4 (G3: 198.8 ± 15.4 mL/min; G4: 338.5 ± 16.0 mL/min). Coronary flow in G2 was significantly lower than in G1 (G1: 157.9 ± 9.15 mL/min; G2: 59.4 ± 20.1 mL/min). Histological signs of HXR (light and electron microscopy) could be found in G2 in contrast to the other groups. Parameters of serological damage showed a minimum in G4 and the maximum in G2. In G1 XNAb were nearly equally eliminated immediately after the start of xenoperfusion as in IA groups G4 and G3. Four hours of ischemic time showed beneficial effects in preventing HXR, possibly caused by changes of the endothelial cell surface (for example, glycosylation or loss of α1–3Gal epitopes with a hapten effect).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 64-68 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Osteoclastoma ; Mamma carcinoma ; Breast tumor ; Chest wall defect ; Schlüsselwörter ; Osteoklastom ; Mammakarzinom ; Brusttumor ; Thoraxwanddefekt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über 1 Patientin, welche unter dem Verdacht eines Mammakarzinoms biopsiert wurde, wobei ein äußerst seltener Riesenzelltumor der Rippen festgestellt wurde. Der semimaligne Knochentumor rezidiviert gerne. Die Klinik ist unspezifisch; die Erstdiagnose erfolgt zumeist spät. Als Differentialdiagnose kommen primäre und sekundäre Knochenerkrankungen und Tumoren der Thoraxorgane in Betracht. In unserem Fall wurde der Tumor unter Erhalt der Brust in toto mitsamt den Rippen reseziert und der Defekt mit einer Koriumplastik gedeckt. Es wird auf verschiedene Methoden zur Thoraxwanddefektdeckung eingegangen.
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of a breast tumor. As carcinoma of the breast was suspected, a biopsy was taken and a very rare osteoclastoma originating in the rib was identified. Seminalignant bone tumors tend to recur locally. The symptoms are nonspecific; the initial diagnosis is often made late. To differentiate the diagnosis, one should think about primary and secondary bone diseases and tumors of the organs of the thorax. In our case, the tumor was completely resected, including the ribs, and the defect was covered with a corium plasty. In this way, we are able to save the breast. We discuss different methods for covering chest wall defects.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 359-366 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Pressure sores ; Sacrum ; Ischium ; Femoral trochanter ; Myocutaneous flap ; Schlüsselwörter Dekubitalulzera ; Sakral ; Ischial ; Trochanter ; Myokutane Lappen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Infizierte Dekubitalgeschwüre der Hüft- und Beckenregion der Stadien IV–VII nach Campbell erfordern eine Weichteilrekonstruktion, die sowohl eine stabile Abdeckung und Defektauffüllung als auch eine zuverlässige Rezidivprophylaxe darstellt. Muskellappen erfüllen diese Bedingungen in hervorragender Weise. Je nach Ausmaß und Lokalisation des Ulkus mit Prädilektion der Kreuz-, Steiß-, Sitzbein- und Trochanterregion finden bevorzugt der Gluteus-maximus-, der Biceps-femoris- und der Tensor-fasciae-lata-Hautmuskellappen Anwendung. Im Gegensatz dazu reichen primäre Wundverschlüsse, Spalthauttransplantate oder lokale fasziokutane Lappenplastiken für kleinere, oberflächigere Defekte aus. Zwischen 1981 und 1996 behandelten wir 133 Patienten im mittleren Alter von 50 Jahren mit 212 pelvinen Dekubitalulzera aller Stadien. Nach radikalem Debridement analog der Pseudotumortechnik und Abtragung knöcherner Prominenzen erfolgte in 135 Fällen die meist einzeitige Rekonstruktion der uni- und multilokulären Defekte mittels vorrangig der oben erwähnten myokutanen Lappen. Die postoperative allgemeine Komplikationsrate betrug, gemessen an allen durchgeführten Behandlungen, etwa 10–30% unter Beachtung der Mehrfachbenennung. Hinsichtlich der Muskellappenplastiken heilte 1/3 völlig problemlos ein, Lappenteilnekrosen traten in 6%, ein vollständiger Verlust in 2% aller Lappen auf. Somit stellen nach gegenwärtigem Kenntnisstand die myokutanen Lappenplastiken die verläßlichste Definitivversorgung tiefer Dekubitalulzera der Becken- und Hüftregion dar, und zwar unabhängig von der Ulkusgenese.
    Notes: Abstract Infected pelvic pressure sores of Campbell stages IV–VII require soft tissue reconstruction, which means stable, multi-layered filling cover of the defect and reliable prophylaxis of relapse. Myocutaneous flaps meet these conditions well. Depending on the extent and the area of the sore, with predilection for the sacrum, the ischial tuberosity and the femoral trochanter, the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris and tensor fasciae latae muscles are most often used for myocutaneous flaps. Primary sutures, split skin grafts or local fasciocutaneous flaps are often sufficient treatment for smaller, superficial defects. Between 1981 and 1996, 133 patients (average age 50 years) with 212 pelvic pressure sores of all stages were treated in our clinic. After radical decubitus excision with pseudotumor technique and resection of the osseous prominences, one-stage reconstruction of solitary as well as multiple defects was performed with myocutaneous flaps in 135 cases. The postoperative general complication rate for all treatments was about 10–30%. With regard to the muscle flaps, one third healed without any problems, partial flap necrosis occurred in 6% and there was total loss of flap in 2% of all myocutaneous flaps. According to present knowledge, myocutaneous flaps seem to be the most reliable method for definitive covering of deep pelvic pressure sores, independent of the cause of the ulcer.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 380 (1995), S. 321-326 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Glomus tumor ; Masson tumor ; Vascular tumor ; Tumors of the hand ; Microsurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die in der Literatur beschriebene Rezidivrate solitärer Glomustumoren der Hand reicht vom 12–50%. Der direkte Vergleich der Publikationen über Rezidivraten wird durch eine uneinheitliche histologische Klassifikation und die Tatsache erschwert, daß es sich meistens um Fallbeispiele oder um zahlenmäßig kleine Serien handelt, von denen berichtet wird. Um zu ergründen, wie es zu Lokalrezidiven kommt, wurde eine klinisch-pathologische Erfassungsstudie angelegt. Hierzu wurden feingewebliche Einsendungen unseres Pathologischen Instituts im Zeitraum von 10 Jahren analysiert. Unter dem Einsendematerial fanden sich 46 Glomustumoren (Männer-Frauen-Verhältnis 28:18, Alter 9–82 Jahre, Durchschnittsalter 52,3 Jahre) verschiedenster Lokalisation. 30 Tumoren betrafen die obere Extremität. 13 der vereinzelten, digitopalmaren Glomustumoren wurden an unserer Klinik entweder durch Einsatz der Lupenvergrößerung oder aber des Operationsmikroskops operiert (vaskuläre Typen n= 8, epitheloid-solide Typen n=3, myxoid n=1, neuromatös n=1). Bei einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 76.Monaten sahen wir bei den von uns behandelten Patienten keine Rezidive von Glomustumoren. Unabhängig vom histologischen Tumortyp vermögen optische Vergrößerungssysteme bei solitären Glomustumoren der Hand die Rezidivrate zu senken, da sie die subtile Präparation auch der bindegewebigen Pseudokapsel ermöglichen. Frührezidive beruhen, nach unserer Einschätzung, entweder in der inkompletten Exzision vorgenannter anatomischer Strukturen, oder aber aufgrund einer Fehlinterpretation beim Vorliegen multipler Glomustypen, die vorwiegend in der Kindheit auftreten.
    Notes: Abstract The incidence of recurrence following surgical treatment of solitary tumours of the hand ranges from 12% to 50%. Examination of the reports in the literature reveals that different methods of histological typing have been used and that most of the publications available are case reports or refer to studies of small numbers of patients, so that direct adequate comparison of the rates in the literature is not possible. In an attempt to find out the reasons for local recurrence of retrospective clinicopathological study was performed. All histological specimens examined within one decade were analysed. The tumours they were taken from included 46 glomus tumours (female: male ratio 28:18, age range 9–82, average 52.3 years) of different locations, 30 of them affecting the upper extremity. We had operated on 13 solitary, digitopalmar glomus tumours (8 vascular type, 3 epitheloid solit type, 1 myxoid, 1 neural) in our institution, in most cases with the aid of either a magnifying lens or an operating microscope. The mean followup period was 76 months, and we had no recurrences. Therefore, we conclude that regardless of the histological type, optical magnification during surgical resection of solitary glomus tumours of the hand prevents recurrences. In our opinion, early recurrences are due to incomplete excision of tumours of the types mentioned above or to misdiagnosis because of the multiple forms of glomus tumours that can occur, especially during childhood.
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