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  • Hypothalamus  (11)
  • Thermoregulation  (9)
  • fever  (5)
  • Medulla oblongata  (2)
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Material
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate on thermoregulation in both rats and rabbits (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 51 (1981), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Thermoregulation ; db cyclic AMP ; hypothermia ; hyperthermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of intraventricular administration of dibutyryl adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (db cyclic AMP) on the thermoregulatory responses of unanesthetized rats and rabbits to different ambient temperatures (Ta) were assessed. Administration of db cyclic AMP (10–60 mM) produced dose-dependent hypothermia in both rats and rabbits at Ta 2–22 °C. The hypothermia in response to db cyclic AMP was due to decreased metabolic heat production and cutaneous vasodilatation. There was no change in respiratory evaporative heat loss. In contrast, in the heat (30–32 °C), db cyclic AMP administration produced dose-dependent hyperthermia in these animals. The hyperthermia was due to increased metabolism (due to muscular shivering) and decreased heat losses. The reduction in heat losses was shown by a decrease in both cutaneous circulation and respiratory evaporative heat loss. The data demonstrate that the thermoregulatory responses induced by central administration of db cyclic AMP are Ta-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01248957
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of adrenergic receptor mechanisms within hypothalamus in the fever induced by amphetamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 58 (1983), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; thyrotropin-releasing hormone ; fever ; aspirin ; adrenergic blockade ; thermoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mechanisms underlying the thermal effects induced by intrahypothalamic administration of either d-amphetamine or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been investigated in conscious rats. Direct administration of d-amphetamine (1–10μg in 1μl) or TRH (1–4μg in 1μl) into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus caused hyperthermia or fever at the ambient temperature (Ta∶ 8, 22 and 30 °C) studied. The fever induced by d-amphetamine or TRH was due to increased metabolic heat production at Ta 8 °C, while at Ta 30 °C the fever was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction in the rat. At Ta 22 °C, the fever was due to both increased metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Furthermore, the fever induced by intrahypothalamic administration of TRH was greatly reduced by pretreatment with intrahypothalamic administration of either yohimbine (a blocking agent of alpha-adrenergic receptors), phentolamine (a blocking agent of alpha-adrenergic receptors) or DL-propranolol (a blocking agent of beta-adrenergic receptors) in the rat. However, the fever induced by d-amphetamine was antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine or phentolamine, but not with DL-propranolol in the rat. These observations indicate that the adrenergic receptor mechanisms within the hypothalamus are involved in the fever induced by both d-amphetamine and TRH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01252807
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous pyrogen formation by human blood monocytes stimulated by polyriboinosinic acid:Polyribocytidylic acid (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Monocytes ; fever ; endogenous pyrogen ; polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pyrogenic response to supernatants from human blood monocytes stimulated with polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) was characteristic of a response to endogenous pyrogen in that it was brief and monophasic, and was destroyed by heating the supernatants at 70°C for 30 min. Pyrogen production was unimpaired when the incubations were carried out in the presence of cycloheximide (50 μg/ml; an inhibitor of protein synthesis) or indomethacin (50 μg/ml; an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis). Also, neither interferon, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor nor prostaglandin E2 were detectable in the supernatants from the poly I:C-stimulated human monocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989421
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral ischemia is the main cause for the onset of heat stroke syndrome in rabbits (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Heat stroke ; fever ; cerebral blood flow ; cerebral perfusion pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During the onset of heat stroke, rabbits displayed hyperthermia (42.8°C), and decreased cerebral perfusion pressure and decreased cerebral blood flow (as reflected by a prolonged cerebral circulation time) compared to those of normothermic rabbits. On the other hand febrile rabbits, during the fever plateau did not show the above responses, although they had a similar level of hyperthermia (42.4°C). The data support the concept that cerebral ischemia is the main cause for the onset of the heat stroke syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01930459
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hypothalamic somatostatinergic pathways mediate feeding behavior in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 161-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; somatostatin ; anorexia ; food intake ; starvation ; cysteamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The level of somatostatin in the hypothalamus was higher in satiated rats than in hungry rats. Elevating hypothalamic somatostatin levels by administering somatostatin into the hypothalamus produced a decrease in food intake, whereas lowering hypothalamic somatostatin levels by administering cysteamine into the peritoneal cavity produced an increase in food intake in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954859
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypothalamic somatostatin may mediate endotoxin-induced fever in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 339 (1989), S. 608-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Endotoxin ; Fever ; Hypothalamus ; Cysteamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) The changes in rectal temperature produced by an injection of a bacterial endotoxin piromen (10–40 ng in 1.0 μl) or somatostatin-14 (SS-14; 0.1–0.3 pg in 1.0 μl) into the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area were assessed and compared in control rats, in rats with hypothalamic SS depletion, and in rats with hypothalamic SS receptor blockade. (2) Intrahypothalamic injection of either piromen or SS-14 produced a dose-related rise in rectal temperature in intact, control rats. The fever induced by intrahypothalamic injection of piromen or SS-14, as well as that induced by intraperitoneal injection of piromen, was antagonized by pretreatment of the hypothalamus with a SS-14 receptor antagonist (0.1 ng in 1.0 μl) in rats. (3) On the other hand, intraperitoneal administration of cysteamine (30–100 mg/kg), in addition to producing a dose-related fall in rectal temperature, also caused a dose-related fall in hypothalamic SS-levels in rats. Furthermore, the fever induced by intrahypothalamic injection of piromen, but not SS-14, was antagonized by depletion of hypothalamic SS levels with an intraperitoneal dose of cysteamine (30 mg/kg). (4) The results indicate that a somatostatinergic pathway in the hypothalamus may mediate endotoxin-induced fever in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168651
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrogenicity of polyadenylic · polyuridylic acid in rabbits (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Polynucleotides ; Pyrogen ; Interferon ; Prostaglandins ; Hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polyadenylic polyuridylic acid injected intraveneously into rabbits produced a rapid-onset, monophasic fever. Pyrogenic tolerance occurred in rabbits following daily injections of polyadenylic polyuridylic acid. However, direct injection of the agent into the preoptic anterior hypothalamic region of rabbit's brain produced a markedly different fever. After an intrahypothalamic injection of polyadenylic - polyuridylic acid, fever was delayed in onset and persisted for a longer period. At room temperature, the fever was due to both increased metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction. In a colder atmosphere the fever was due solely to increased metabolism, whereas in the heat the fever was due to reduction in cutaneous blood flow and respiratory evaporative heat loss. In addition, the fever induced by intravenous polyadenylic · polyuridylic acid injection was reversed by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, but not by a protein synthesis inhibitor. Polyadenylic - polyuridylic acid was shown to stimulate PGE2 production from rabbit's hypothalamus in vitro. The results reveal that this agent is a prostaglandin-dependent pyrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169561
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depletion of hypothalamic norepinephrine reduces the fever induced by polyriboinosinic acid: polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:Poly C) in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 720-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; norepinephrine ; fever ; pyrogen ; polyriboinosinic acid ; polyribocytidylic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Administration of either Poly I:Poly C (0.05–0.50 μg) or norepinephrine (2–8 μg) into the anterior hypothalamic area produced a dose-related fever in rats. The fever induced by Poly I:Poly C was attenuated after selective depletion of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus. However, selective depletion of hypothalamic norepinephrine did not affect the fever induced by intrahypothalamic norepinephrine. The data indicate that Poly I:Poly C may act to induce fever through the endogenous release of norepinephrine from the rat's hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974567
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin acts on the hypothalamic glucose-facilitated neurons to induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 942-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; insulin ; hyperglycemia ; hyperinsulinemia ; neuronal activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Microinjection of insulin (0.04–0.12 IU/μl) into the anterior hypothalamus or the lateral hypothalamus, but not the vertromedial hypothalamus of the rat brain, caused a dose-dependent rise in blood glucose and in serum insulin. The majority (71.5%) of the glucose-facilitated neurons recorded in the lateral hypothalamic area were excited by intracerebral injection of insulin. The data indicate that insulni acts on the hypothalamic glucose-facilitated neurons to induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. It is unknown whether insulin normally reaches the hypothalamic area, or how it might do so.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01929887
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonidine-induced hypothermia: Possible involvement of cholinergic and serotonergic mechanisms (1984)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 326 (1984), S. 124-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Clonidine ; Hypothalamus ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Acetylcholine ; Thermoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The thermoregulatory effects (including metabolic, vasomotor and respiratory activities) produced by an injection of clonidine (1–3 μg in 0.5 μl) into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus were assessed in conscious rats at ambient temperatures (T a) of 8, 22 and 30°C. 2. Intrahypothalamic administration of clonidine caused a dose-dependent fall in rectal temperature at T a 8°C and 22°C. The hypothermia in response to clonidine was due to decreased metabolic heat production and/or cutaneous vasodilation. There was no change in respiratory evaporative heat loss. 3. The clonidine-induced hypothermic response was attenuated by pretreatment of the rats with either 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (10 μg, administered intrahypothalamicly, 14 days before clonidine injection), yohimbine (0.2 μg, administered intrahypothalamicly, 10 min before clonidine injection), cyproheptadine (1 μg, administered intrahypothalamicly, 10 min before clonidine injection), or atropine (0.1 μg, administered intrahypothalamicly, 10 min before clonidine injection). 4. The data indicate that clonidine may act on α-adrenoceptors located on a serotonin-acetylcholine pathway within the preoptic anterior hypothalamus to induce hypothermia by promoting a reduction in metabolic heat production and/or an enhancement in dry heat loss in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00517308
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