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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamics of laser-produced shock waves in water: Reflection and transmission measurements (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1660-1665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using different optical diagnostic methods, namely interferometric holography and shadowgraphy, and utilizing a piezoelectric transducer for precise velocity determination, the laws of reflection and transmission of laser-driven shock waves through an obstacle in water are studied. Experimental results on the velocity of transmitted and reflected shock waves from different materials are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whistler instability in a magnetic trap (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 281-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The eigenvalue problem of whistler propagation in a magnetic trap is analyzed in the slab model. The plasma is comprised of three regions: (I) a≤x〈∞, (II) 0≤x≤a, and (III) −∞〈x≤0. Region II contains a hot-electron component and possesses a smaller magnetic field. The hot electrons have a temperature anisotropy and tend to destabilize the whistler mode. The dip in the magnetic field tends to confine the mode to region II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336828
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of laser-driven shock waves in water (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 5194-5197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Shock waves were produced in water by directing unfocused 0.4-J, 20-ns ruby (λ=0.693 μm) or 3-J, 8-ns Nd-glass (λ=1.06 μm) laser light onto the metalized surface of a thin plastic foil. The illuminated areas were 0.35 and 2.3 cm2, respectively, corresponding to laser irradiances of 52.6 and 68.4 MW cm−2. The radial propagation velocity and the profile of the generated waves have been measured via double-exposure interferometric holography and shadowgraphy. Using the obtained values of the shock velocities and the fringe shift in the interferograms, the pressure on the shock wave front, the thickness of the compressed water layer, the laser energy consumed in producing this layer, and the time required for its formation have been calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Phosphorus Deficiency on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Mentha arvensis (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 21 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of phosphorus deficiency on carbohydrate fractions of Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens were studied. Mint plants were grown in sand cultures under full nutrition and phosphorus deficiency conditions. Component organs, viz., leaf, stem and root, were sampled at four different stages of the growth cycle and analysed for various sugar fractions.In leaf and root phosphorus deficiency brought about a definite increase in all sugar fractions whereas in stem a reduction was noticed. The stem appeared to be the principal storage organ throughout the growth. Maximum sugar concentration was recorded at the age of 70 days, which represents the full maturity stage, and coincided with maximum essential oil accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1968.tb07368.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Japanese Mint as Affected by Phosphorus Deficiency and Seasonal Variations (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 24 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The paper presents effects of phosphorus deficiency and seasonal variations on nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens, Holmes). Mint plants were grown in sand cultures under full nutrition and under phosphorus deficiency conditions during winter and summer. Various nitrogen and sugar fractions were determined in the component parts at specified periods of growth stages. Phosphorus deficiency disturbed the nitrogen metabolism at the stages for amide and amino acid formation, which resulted in an accumulation of carbohydrates. The content of total soluble and total nitrogen was higher and that of insoluble nitrogen was lower in summer as compared with winter plants. Of the soluble fractions, the ammonia, amide and nitrate nitrogen were higher and the ‘rest’ nitrogen lower in winter plants. Nitrate formed the highest bulk of the pool of soluble nitrogen in winter, whereas in summer ‘rest’ nitrogen was most abundant. The content of total sugar in winter plants far exceeded that of summer plants, which was wholly due to increase in sucrose content. Glucose was the predominant reducing sugar in both seasons. However, the summer plants were richer in glucose than those from the winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1971.tb06729.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential action of Hg2+ and Cd2+ on the phycobilisomes and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and photosystem II dependent electron transport in the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae (1993)
    Springer
    BioMetals 6 (1993), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Anabaena flos-aquae ; chlorophyll a ; fluorescence emission ; heavy metals ; Hill activity ; photosystem II ; phycobilisomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of equimolar concentrations of Hg2+ and Cd2+ on the whole cell absorption spectra, absorption spectra of the extracted phycocyanin (PC) and fluorescence emission spectra of phycobilisomes (PBS) was investigated in the cells of Anabaena flos-aquae. The PC component of the PBS was found to be extremely sensitive to the Hg2+ rather than the Cd2+ ions. Further, the results showed that Hg2+ and Cd2+ induced decrease in the rate of Hill activity (H2O - DCPIP) was partially restored by the electron donor NH2OH, not by the diphenyl carbazide. Similarly, chlorophyll a fluorescence emission in the presence of metals showed that addition of NH2OH could effectively reverse the metal induced alterations in the fluorescence emission intensity. These results, together, suggested that Hg2+ and Cd2+ caused damage to the photosystems (PS) II reaction center. However, a relatively higher stimulation of the chlorophyll a emission at 695 nm with a red shift of 4.0 nm in the presence of Hg2+, and Cd2+ induced preferential decrease in the emission intensity at 676 nm as compared with the peak at 695 nm were indicative of the differential action of Hg2+ and Cd2+ on the PS II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of gibberellic acid on the sporulation of Azolla caroliniana, Azolla microphylla and Azolla pinnata (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 424-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Azolla species ; Gibberellic acid ; Megasporocarp percentage ; Sporocarp number ; Sporulation frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Azolla microphylla strains used in the study sporulate throughout the year while Azolla caroliniana and Azolla pinnata strains show sporulation only during November–March, the favourable period for sporulation. Application of gibberellic acid (GA) at a concentration of 2.5–100.0 μg ml–1 substantially enhanced the sporulation frequency and number of sporocarps (mega plus micro) per plant in Azolla microphylla (two strains) during the unfavourable period (September–October) by 77.3–200.0%. The increase in the number of microsporocarps was more than that of the megasporocarps. The sporulation frequency and number of sporocarps in Azolla pinnata (two strains) and Azolla caroliniana during the favourable season also increased considerably due to GA (2.5–10.0 μg ml–1) application. The optimum GA concentration for the sporulation of the three Azolla species was 2.5 μg ml–1, which was used in the subsequent investigations. Efficacy of GA for enhancing sporulation was tested across 20 Azolla pinnata strains. A significant positive response was observed in all the strains. Of them, 17 strains for the sporulation frequency and 15 strains for the sporocarp number showed a 〉25% increase due to GA treatment. Under field conditions, Azolla microphylla (two strains), Azolla caroliniana and Azolla pinnata exhibited 66.0–88.1% higher sporulation frequency and 42.8–52.6% higher sporocarp number due to GA application. However, the proportion of megasporocarps to total sporocarps did not change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050575
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in Azolla sporulation in response to phosphorus application (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 458-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: KeywordsAzolla genotypes ; Megasporocarp percentage ; Phosphorus fertilization ; Sporocarp number ; Sporulation frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Phosphorus application decreased the sporulation frequency and number of sporocarps per plant in all the three Azolla species and 21 A. pinnata strains evaluated in this study. The number of megasporocarps tended to be more depressed than the number of microsporocarps. Nevertheless, the sporulation of A. caroliniana was less sensitive to P than that of A. pinnata and A. microphylla. Its sporulation frequency in the mineral medium did not decrease at 2.5 μg P ml–1 and remained unaffected between 5 and 20 μg P ml–1. The sporulation frequency and sporocarp number in this species in the soil culture also were not significantly affected by an increase in the dose of P from 10.7 to 21.4 or 21.4 to 32.1 mg pot–1. Large variations in the degree of inhibition of sporulation due to the application of P (21.4 mg pot–1) also occurred among the A. pinnata strains tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000276
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regimes of contradiction in the study of strong diffusion (1994)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 66 (1994), S. 239-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Various aspects of Etchetoet al.'s theory are studied in detail. It is shown that the inequalitya 〈b 〈c fails at lowL shells. A comparative study of wave spectral densities generated during weak/strong diffusion events suggests that this theory is strictly not applicable at lowL shells. It is found that different criterea for measuring the diffusion of energetic electrons by ELF waves (100–3000 Hz) contradict each other. If one region is strong diffusion region for one criteria, it may be a weak diffusion region according to another criteria. It is found that whereas critical wave intensities (1–2 pT2/Hz) can cause strong diffusion of energetic electrons, if one applies Fokker—Planck's diffusion approach, very large wave intensities are needed for strong diffusion if we apply Etchetoet al.'s approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644135
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of imploding shock waves with expanding central plasma in spherical pinch experiments: Simulation analysis (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 9 (1990), S. 513-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Spherical pinch ; inertial confinement fusion ; shock wave compression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In the spherical pinch scheme, the hot D-T plasma produced in the center of the high pressure spherical vessel is confined by means of imploding shock waves launched from the periphery of the vessel for a time sufficiently long to achieve break-even conditions for plasma fusion. Theoretical studies on spherical pinch made so far have been limited up to the conditions of substantial expansion of the central plasma and the well-defined time delay between the creation of central plasma and the launching of the peripheral shock which led to the conclusion that, in realistic situations of SP experiments, negative time delays should be adopted, i.e., the launching of the imploding shock wave should precede the formation of the central plasma. However, the interaction of converging shock wave with the central plasma causing an additional heating and compression of the central plasma favoring plasma fusion conditions was not taken into account. Starting from the hydrodynamic equations of the system, the proposed simulation code deals with the propagation of converging shock waves and its interaction with the expanding central plasma. Considering the above-mentioned interaction in a self-consistent manner, the temporal evolution of temperature of central plasma is studied. Some results of the numerical simulation on the dynamics of shock wave propagation are also compared with the predictions of “point strong explosing theory.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01588289
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