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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 719 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 8 (1989), S. 21-27 
    ISSN: 0167-4943
    Keywords: Age ; Age-dependent nerve cell loss ; Nucleus basalis of Meynert
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 39 (1987), S. 223-231 
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Keywords: Aging ; Arterioles ; Vascular convolutes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 31 (1985), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Keywords: Aging ; Corpora amylacea ; Glycogen ; Polyglucosan bodies
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 13 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty-six ependymomas were examined immunohistologically to determine their distribution of glial fibrillary acidic proteins, S-100 protein and vimentin. The neoplasms were subdivided into four groups: (1) ependymomas from the cauda equina, predominantly of the myxopapillary type; (2) benign ependymomas; (3) malignant ependymomas; and (4) ependymoblastomas. Marked differences in antigen reactivity were observed between each group. The intensity of the reaction with the three antibodies was strongest in malignant ependymomas. Ependymomas from the cauda equina showed a patchy distribution of positivity for the three antigens in cells surrounding blood vessels but there was no staining of collagenous septa or the myxoid areas. In ependymoblastomas, the cells of the rosettes were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but there was focal positivity for vimentin and S-100. Other areas showed tumour cells containing moderate amounts of vimentin and small amounts of S-100, and a few bands of filaments positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The cytogenetic and biological implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 12 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five ependymoblastomas were studied by means of routine histological techniques, immunohistology and electron microscopy. The tumours were characterized histologically by medium sized, poorly differentiated cells with round or oval nuclei frequently in mitosis and by ependymoblastic rosettes. Reactions for cytokeratin and neurofilament were negative and tubular material positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein was scanty. All five tumours demonstrated positivity for vimentin and S-100 protein. Electron microscopy showed poorly differentiated cells with high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and scanty cytoplasmic organelles. Sparse rosettes were present and the cells were united by junctional complexes. Frequent rudimentary or incomplete cilia, a few basal bodies and a few short intercellular glial-like filaments were seen. Features differentiating ependymomas and anaplastic ependymomas from ependymoblastomas are discussed and the need for a definite category separating ependymoblastomas from the former tumours is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 4 (1981), S. 17-31 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Oligodendroglioma ; Ultrastructure ; Astrocytom ; Oligodendrogliom ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 7 Oligodendrogliome, davon 2 mit uniformem Zell-Typ, 4 mit Zell- oder Gewebs-Unregelmäßigkeit, 1 mit glioblastomatösen Veränderungen wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Tumorzellen zeigten 2 Haupttypen mit morphologischen Übergängen zwischen beiden auf. Die Hauptformen wurden als Typ 1 (undifferenziert) und 2 (differenziert) definiert, gestützt auf die Anzahl anaplastischer Zellen im jeweiligen Tumor und auf die Beobachtung nicht-neoplastischer Oligodendrocyten nach Mori and Leblond (21). Die meisten Tumorzellen aller Fälle wiesen ähnliche licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Charakteristika auf, einschließlich der Zell-Anordnung und ihrer Tendenz, zytoplasmatische Fortätze zu bilden. Diese Befunde waren auch in den glioblastomähnlichen Tumoren zu erkennen und bestätigen damit deren Oligodendrogliom-Komponente. Außerdem fand man regelmäßig in allen Tumoren eine Zunahme der Größe und Zahl der Mitochondrien, reichlich intrazytoplasmatische Strukturen und Mikrotubuli. Auch Zellen mit zytoplasmatischen Filamenten waren vorhanden, die als reaktive Astrocyten oder als oligodendrogliale Tumorzellen angesehen wurden. Daher scheinen weder zytoplasmatische Filamente noch Mikrotubuli ein spezifisches morphologisches Kriterium für Oligodendroglia oder Astrocyten zu sein. Das Überwiegen einer dieser beiden Strukturen erlaubt jedoch eine zytogenetische Zuordnung. Die zytologischen Charakteristika sind zwar keine spezifischen morphologischen Kriterien; die Feststellung ihrer Anwesenheit gibt jedoch wichtige diagnostische Informationen.
    Notes: Summary Seven Oligodendrogliomas (2 with uniform cell type, 4 with cellular or tissue variability, and 1 with glioblastomatous changes) were examined ultrastructurally. The tumor cells were of two principal types with morphologic transitions between the two main types. The two principal cell types were identified as type 1 (undifferentiated) and type 2 (differentiated) on the basis of the number of anaplastic cells in an individual tumor and on the observations of Mori and Leblond (21) on non-neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Most of the tumor cells in all tumors exhibited similar histologic and ultrastructural characteristics including their arrangement and their tendency to form cytoplasmic processes which sometimes formed short stacks. These features were also recognizable in the glioblastomatous example and confirmed the presence of an oligodendroglial component. In addition to these characteristics, an increase in size and number of mitochondria, abundant intracytoplasmic structures, microtubules were regularly present in virtually all tumor cells. Cells rich in cytoplasmic filaments were present. These were identified as reactive astrocytes or as oligodendroglial tumor cells. Thus neither cytoplasmic filaments nor microtubules appear to be specific morphological markers for oligodendroglia or astrocytes; only the predominance of one of these structures permits cytogenetic identifications. The cytologic characteristics are not specific morphologic markers; however, recognition of their presence provides important diagnostic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HIV infection ; AIDS-related malignant lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Hodgkin lymphoma ; Frequency ; Treatment ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a random HIV-seropositive population, malignant lymphomas were diagnosed in 31 patients, of whom 24 (77%) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 7 (23%) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The prevalence of NHL among AIDS patients was 8% (23/279 cases), with a prevalence of 17% among autopsied patients (16/96 cases). No patient with HL had AIDS at the time of diagnosis. In 7 of 23 AIDS patients with NHL (30%) the diagnosis was made only post mortem; among these were all 5 patients with primary CNS NHL. Median survival from the time of diagnosis was 1 month for patients with NHL and 3 months for those with HL. In individual patients, survival for several years may be possible with chemotherapy. Certain patients with NHL appear to benefit from intensive chemotherapy with a combination of methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (MACOPB protocol). Appropriate, therapeutic strategies taking into account the patients' individual conditions, including the overall prognosis, urgently requires development. Metastatic CNS involvement, which was the primary cause of death in 5 of 11 patients with NHL (45%) receiving chemotherapy, represents a serious limitation to successful treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 347 (1969), S. 160-175 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gewebsveränderungen des Neurinoms, die unter den Typ B (Antoni) fallen, wurden bei 11 Tumoren elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Der Gewebstyp B entsteht aus den fibrillär-fasciculären Gewebsformen durch degenerative Veränderungen. Dafür sprechen drei Faktoren: 1. Die cytoplasmatischen Organellen. 2. Die Umwandlung der Cytoarchitektur, die durch eine Abrundung der Zellen und weigehenden Verlust der membranösen Systeme charakterisiert ist. 3. Die Veränderung von Form und Inhalt des Intercellularraumes. Bei der sogenannten retikulären Struktur des Gewebes liegen einzelne Zellen isoliert in einem weiten Intercellularraum, der von einer unstrukturierten Zwischensubstanz ausgefüllt sein kann. — Ein Vergleich der licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde zeigte, daß das „Hyalin“ der Neurinome in enger Beziehung zu den Basalmembranen steht. Die durch Silberimprägnation darstellbaren retikulinähnlichen Fasern entsprechen den Basalmembranen, die die Zellfortsätze umhüllen.
    Notes: Summary Antoni type B areas of 11 neurinomas were examined with an electron microscope. The ultrastructure of this tissue form proved that the type B neurinoma results from degenerative changes of type A tissue. The degenerative character of type B cells is indicated (i) by cytoplasmic organelles and (ii) by changes of the cyto-structure which are caused by the loss of lamellar systems, giving the individual cell a more rounded profile. Consequently, (iii) the intercellular space becomes wider and its content modified. Single cells may lie isolated within a wide intercellular space, which may be filled with an amorphous mass. Under the light microscope this arrangement appears as a reticular formation. — A comparison between the results of studies with light and electron microscopes revealed that what is usually called „hyaline“ is in fact an intercellularly deposited amorphous material derived from basement membranes. The reticulin-like fibres observed after silver impregnation are usually basement membranes enveloping the tumour cells and their processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 361 (1973), S. 51-69 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 6 operativ entfernte Phäochromocytome werden elektronenmikro-skopisch untersucht. 5 davon lassen sich trotz verschiedener Anteile unterschiedlicher Zelltypen in ihrem Aufbau als einheitliche Gruppe einordnen. Im 6. Tumor, dem einzigen, der praktisch nur Noradrenalin ausgeschieden hat, zeigt ein Teil der Tumorzellen Merkmale neuronaler Zellelemente. Die Haupttumorzellen aller 6 Fälle gemeinsam werden durch ihre innerhalb bestimmter Variationsbreiten konstanten Zahl phäochromer Granula gekennzeichnet. In einem Fall zeigten die phäochromen Granula in den einzelnen Zellen eine bestimmte Größe und einen bestimmten Kontrastreichtum. Die Haupttumorzellen in den übrigen Fällen zeigen alle möglichen Variationen der phäochromen Granula in ein- und demselben Zellelement. Die Vermischung der verschiedenen Typen phäochromer Granula macht eine Unterscheidung von Zellen nach ihrem Sekretionstyp unmöglich. Auch eine Unterscheidung zwischen speichernden Zellen konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Die auffallenden Unterschiede zwischen hellen und dunklen Zellen sind auf die verschiedene Dichte des Grundplasmas und nicht auf die phäochromen Granula zurückzuführen.
    Notes: Summary Six surgically removed pheochromocytomas were examined by electron microscopy. Despite the variety of cell types, five of the tumors were classed as noradrenalin-adrenalin-secreting on the basis of overall structure. Only one of the six tumors, through clinical investigation, was classified as essentially noradrenalin-secreting. Some cells of this tumor displayed the characteristics of neuronal elements. In all six tumors examined the main tumor cells contained a nearly constant number of osmiophilic granula. In some cells of one of the noradrenalin-adrenalin-secreting tumors these granula were all about the same size and had a limited range of light and dark contrast. In the cells of the other tumors, however, the size and contrast of the granula varied. Because of this variation, it was impossible to differentiate between secreting and non-secreting cells or to classify them into synthesizing and storage cells. The difference between light and dark cells is due, not to the presence of osmiophilic granula, but to differences in the density of the basic substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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