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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 24 (1996), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Photodynamic therapy ; Aminolevulinic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new concept in photosensitizing tumor cells is photosensitizer synthesis in situ. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PP IX), a potent photosensitizer. The goal of our study was to examine dark toxicity, phototoxic potential, metabolism of ALA and morphological alterations in Waf bladder cancer cells. Dark toxicity of Waf cells was observed after incubation with ALA, beginning at a concentration of 15 mM. Photodynamic treatment with ALA at concentrations of 1,5 and 10 mM showed a drug- and light-dose-dependent cell survival rate in comparison to a control group. Two incubation times of 3.5 and 5.5 h were compared for cell survival. After a longer incubation time of 5.5 h, cell survival was decreased in all experiments; this is consistent with our extraction data where higher fluorescence was found after 5.5 than after 3.5 h. The results show that ALA-induced photosensitization has a high potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial bladder carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 1 (1983), S. 94-98 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Repeated instillation of adriamycin, mitomycin C and cisplatinum into the bladder of female Wistar rats induced epithelial proliferation and tumors. The induction rate depends on the total dose of the cytotoxic agent administered. No lesions were found in the control group. The biological behavior of the induced lesions is followed up in long-term experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 1 (1983), S. 113-113 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 1 (1983), S. 186-191 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of therapeutic management in cystinuria is simply to keep the urinary cystine concentration less than supersaturation and thus to prevent cystine precipitation and subsequent stone formation. However, the results in clinical experience with cystinuria treatment continue to be poor. The most promising form of therapy at present is changing cystine to a chemically more soluble form. Until now, treatment has relied primarily on d-penicillamine. However, the drug has serious side effects that limit its application. MPG is a newly developed drug, promising higher effectiveness and lack of toxic side effects. From 1970 to 1983, 38 female and 61 male cystinuric stone formers with a mean age of 36 years have been treated with MPG. Of these 99 patients, 42 form the basis of a report on long-term follow-up, i.e., MPG treatment for a period greater than 3 years. The dose of MPG required was adjusted to the urinary cystine level, which should be less than 100 mg/d if calculi are to be prevented. The results were as follows: 1) There was no recurrent stone formation except at the immediate onset of the MPG therapy when 14 of the 42 patients continued to pass small calculi. However, in these patients this must be attributed to their failure to follow the MPG regimen appropriately in the early days of the therapy. 2) The routinely performed tests were normal through the years, and there were no major side effects necessitating withdrawal of the drug. 3) Unfortunately, continued use of MPG during this 10-year period resulted in a slight loss of effectiveness in 27 of the 42 patients. In these patients the dosage had to be increased stepwise from 600 to 2,000 mg/d. 4) After a dosage increase to finally 2,500 mg/d after a treatment period of 9 years, the cystine excretion in only one patient showed no further response and thus this patient is the only treatment failure. Because of its high effectiveness and lack of toxicity MPG currently should be the treatment of choice in cystinuric stone-forming patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1994), S. 21-23 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Photodynamic therapy ; Intravenous injection ; Intravesical instillation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists in administration of a photosensitizer and subsequent irradiation of the tumor with visible light. Routinely the photosensitizer is given intravenously (i.v.). The goal of our study was to examine whether intravesical (i.b.) instillation of the photosensitizer for PDT of bladder cancer might be feasible. Therefore, the uptake of chlor-aluminum-sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc) in bladder, bladder tumor, skin, and muscle in a rat bladder cancer model after i.v. injection and i.b instillation was compared. The efficacy of PDT after either method of administration was also evaluated. The CASPc concentration in bladder tumor after i.v. injection was approximately 1.5-fold that after i.b. instillation. The ratio of CASPc concentration between bladder tumor and normal bladder was approximately 2:1 after administration by either route. There was no systemic absorption of CASPc after i.b. instillation; hence no systemic side effects are expected. PDT showed similar effects on bladder tumor after either method of administration, but less side effects on normal bladder wall after i.b instillation. Our results demonstrate that i.b. instillation of CASP for PDT of superficial bladder cancer seems to have advantages over i.v. injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 5 (1987), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Until recently, the indications for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) have been limited to renal calculi and ureteral calculi above the pelvic brim. However, the distal ureter can be made available for shock wave treatment as well, by modifying the position of the patient on the support of the Dornier lithotripter HM-3. Using this “sitting position” technique, 133 patients with stones or stone fragments in the lower ureter were treated from January through November 1986. Treatment was successful in 125 patients (94%), 14 of whom required 2 sessions. In 8 patients, treatment failed and stone removal was accomplished using ureteroscopy or open surgery. No complications or adverse side effects were encountered in the entire series. We consider ESWL the treatment of choice in the management of distal ureteral calculi and Steinstrassen.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 14 (1996), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From April 1986 through May 1995, 306 men with primary urothelial carcinoma underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution via the ileal neobladder. Altogether, 7.5% of the patients suffered general early complications, including thrombosis, embolism, wound infection, and pneumonia. Specific early complications directly related to formation of the neobladder and requiring surgery included ileus (4%), abscess drainage (2%), and leakage of the ileal anastomosis (0.5%). The early reoperation rate was 6.5%. Early complications that required temporary percutaneous drainage were lymphocele formation (3%) or ureteral obstruction (6%). In all, 9% of our patients required prolonged catheter drainage for leakage of the ileouretheral anastomosis. Late complications requiring reoperation were ileus (2%), abscess drainage (1%), neobladder fistula to the colon (1,5%), ureteral reimplantation because of obstruction (3.6%), and nephrectomy for hydronephrosis (1%). A transurethral incision of the ileoureteral anastomosis was necessary in 7% of cases. Continence was separately addressed by sending each patient and his home physician a detailed questionnaire: Using our criteria (no diapers, no awakenings) the night and day continence rate increased from 67% at 6 months, to 72% at 1 year, to 85% at 2 years, finally reacting 90% after 4 years. In part II of this presentation we address the question as to whether the option of orthotopic bladder replacement has any impact on the patient's and physician's decision toward earlier cystectomy. We compared our ileal neobladder cohort with a group of 137 patients that had been operated on during the same time span by the same group of surgeons. There was no negative selection with regard of the tumor stage of our patients. However, as compared with the conduit group, the neobladder cohort had a significantly improved survival rate. This phenomenon is explainable by the significantly lower number of previous transurethral resections of the bladder (TUR-Bs) performed in the neobladder group. The time span between primary diagnosis and cystectomy was 10 months in the neobladder group as compared with 18 months in the conduit patients. These data reinforce our belief that orthotopic bladder replacement using the ileal neobladder yields an extraordinary functional result that can be accomplished with a high degree of patient satisfaction and minimal complication. The availability of orthotopic bladder replacement does indeed stimulate the physicians and patients decision toward earlier cystectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Key words:Female – Functional results – Ileal neobladder – Orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We present our functional experience with orthotopic bladder replacement in female patients dependent on the urethral resection line. Between November 1986 and July 1998 42 women underwent orthotopic urinary tract reconstruction with an ileal neobladder at our institution: 26 patients underwent radical cystectomy (RCx) with subsequent ileal anastomosis to the urethra, and 16 underwent simple cystectomy (SCx) with preservation of the bladder neck. Fourteen of 22 patients following RCx and 3 of 14 patients following bladder neck-sparing cystectomy void naturally. Clean intermittent catheterization is necessary in 8 of 22 and 11 of 14 patients, respectively. Perfect continence with no pads at 1 year postoperatively was achieved in 15 of 18 evaluable patients following RCx and 10 of 11 patients following bladder neck sparing. Incontinence requiring one or more pads is present in 3 of 18 patients and 1 of 11 patients, respectively. Subjectively satisfactory continence was achieved in 16 of 18 patients following RCx and in all patients following bladder neck-sparing surgery. Our conclusions are that radical cystectomy as well as a bladder neck-sparing cystectomy does provide satisfactory functional results in the majority of patients. However, the urethral resection line does slightly influence the rate of incontinence as well as the requirement for intermittent catheterization. RCx does translate into a lesser requirement for CIC, whereas bladder neck sparing results in slightly better continence rates.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Incontinence • Collagen ; Schlüsselwörter Inkontinenz • Kollagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Minimal invasive Methoden in der Behandlung der Streßharninkontinenz erfreuen sich zunehmender Beliebtheit. An der urologischen Universitätsklinik Ulm wird seit 4/93 die transurethrale Kollageninjektion durchgeführt. Es wurden bisher 48 Patienten (26 Männer und 22 Frauen) behandelt. Bei den Männern bestand die Ursache der Harninkontinenz in einem Zustand nach radikaler Prostatektomie (n = 19) oder TURP (n = 7). Bei allen Frauen (n = 22) war zumindest eine Harninkontinenzoperation vorangegangen. Bei den Patienten wurden im Mittel 1,8 Behandlungen durchgeführt, bei denen durchschnittlich 14,5 ml Kollagen injiziert wurde. Bei einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 9,2 Monaten sind 68,2 % der weiblichen Patienten sozial kontinent. Bei den Männern sind 47,3 % nach radikaler Prostatektomie und 6 von 7 Patienten nach TURP sozial kontinent. Bei den Männern war das postoperative Ergebnis v. a. abhängig von der Restfunktion des Sphinkterapparates. Insgesamt muß die transurethrale Kollageninjektion in der Behandlung der Streßharninkontinenz als eine interessante minimal invasive Ergänzung im therapeutischen Armamentarium angesehen werden. Dies setzt aber in jedem Fall eine sorgfältige Patientenselektion voraus.
    Notes: Summary Minimally invasive treatment of urinary incontinence has become a subject of major interest in recent years. We examined the use of transurethral collagen injection for incontinence treatment. A total of 48 patients were selectet for this procedure from April 1993 to February 1997 – 26 male patients (19 post-RPX incontinence and 7 post-TUR incontinence) and 22 female patients (all after previous incontinence surgery) were treated by injection of collagen into the continence region. The whole group underwent an average of 1.8 sessions, and a mean collagen injection volume of 14.5 ml was delivered per session. Mean follow-up was 9.2 months. Of the female population, 68.2 % were cured or greatly improved. In the male population only 47.3 % of the post-RPX patients and 6/7 of the post-TUR patients benefited from the procedure. In males, treatment outcome depends on the degree of pretreatment incontinence, because all grade III incontinence patients did worse. Therefore we conclude: transurethral collagen injection is an interesting method in the treatment of urinary incontinence if proper patient selection is assured.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words ESWL ; Initial experience ; Lithostar-Multiline ; Schlüsselwörter ESWL ; Urolithiasis ; Lithostar-Multiline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im September 1994 wurde der HM3-Lithotriptor an unserer Klinik durch den Siemens Lithostar-Multiline ersetzt. Im folgenden wird über die ersten Erfahrungen mit dem neuen Multifunktionslithotriptor berichtet. Das System besteht aus einem elektromagnetischen Stoßwellenemitter (Fokuslänge 80 × 5 mm) und einer digitalen Röntgeneinheit. Die Steinortung erfolgt über einen integrierten C-Arm in der − 10 ° und + 30 ° (koaxial mit dem Stoßwellenfokus) Projektion. Der Behandlungstisch erlaubt endourologische und perkutane auxiliäre Maßnahmen. Von 10/1994 bis 8/1995 wurden 204 Männer und 96 Frauen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 50,7 (4–92) Jahre, mit dem Lithostar-Multiline behandelt. Der durchschnittliche Steindurchmesser betrug 10,3 (2–70) mm; 53 % waren Harnleiter-, 47 % Nierensteine. 300 Patienten erhielten 480 Behandlungen mit einer durchschnittlichen Stoßwellenanzahl von 3673 (793–8000) Stoßwellen; 92,7 % aller Patienten wurden ohne Prämedikation behandelt; 56 % der Patienten benötigten keinerlei Schmerzmedikation während ESWL. 44 % erhielten 8,1 (2–15) mg Piritramid intravenös. Eine Periduralanästhesie wurde bei 2,3 % der Behandlungen eingesetzt. 95 % der Patienten hatten bei Entlassung spontan abgangsfähige Steinfragmente. Bei 68 % der Behandlungen konnte dies in einer Sitzung erreicht werden. Bei 18,5 % wurde die ESWL zur weiteren Fragmentation der Steinmasse wiederholt, in 11,5 % wegen frustraner Vor-ESWL und bei 2,5 % erfolgte eine erneute Behandlung wegen Abbruch aus technischen Gründen der Vor-ESWL. Bei 2 % der Patienten zeigten sich subkapsuläre Hämatome. Auxiliäre Maßnahmen nach ESWL waren bei 9,2 % der Patienten nötig. Der neue Lithostar-Multiline erzielt eine vergleichbare Effektivität wie der HM3 Lithotriptor, ohne zusätzliche Komplikationen. Auffallend ist der geringe Schmerzmittelbedarf vor und während der Therapie.
    Notes: Summary After 〉 10 000 treatments – our HM3/4 and MPL 9000 have been replaced by the Siemens Lithostar multiline. As a ESWL center with ESWL as the primary treatment indication for all types of stones in kidney and ureter we report our initial experience with this new multifunctional lithotripter. The system consists of an electromagnetic shock-wave emitter (Focus 80 × 5 mm) and a digital fluoroscopy unit. Stone localization is achieved in a − 10° and + 30 ° position without movement of the patient. The treatment table itself allows most endourologic and percutaneous auxiliary procedures. Additionally, an intergrated inline ultrasound is available. From 10/94 to 08/95, 204 male and 96 female patients with a mean age of 50.7 (4–92) years underwent ESWL with the Lithostar multiline. The mean stone diameter was 10.3 (2–20) mm with 53 % ureteral and 47 % renal stones. 300 patients underwent 480 treatments (average shocks 3673, range 793–8000; mean energy level 5.5, range 1–9). Stone localization was achieved after 5 (1–39) min (mean fluoroscopy time 3.1 (0.5–16.2) min). In 92.7 % no analgesic premedication was done. 56 % of the patients needed no analgesics at all during ESWL. 44 % received 8.1 (2–15) mg Piritramid intravenously. Epidural anesthesia was performed in only 2.3 % for a second treatment. 95 % of the patients had complete stone disintegration. In 68 % disintegration was achieved in one session. ESWL was repeated for further disintegration in 18.5 %, because of an unsuccessful treatment in 11.5 % and because of technical interruption of the previous session in 2.5 %. We saw subkapsular haematomas in 2 %. Auxiliary procedures following ESWL were necessary in only 9.2 % of the patients. In situ ESWL with the new Lithostar Multiline seems to be as effective as the Dornier HM3/4. Analgesia-free treatment was performed in more than 50 % of the patients. Auxiliary procedures were less frequently necessary as compared to our previous experience with in situ ESWL.
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