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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response rate as an endpoint for evaluating new cytotoxic agents in phase II trials of non-small-cell lung cancer (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 9 (1998), S. 1079-1084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; endpoint ; lung cancer ; phase II trial ; response rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Response rate (RR) has been used as a defining endpoint of new-agent phase II trials for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, tumor responses to chemotherapy do not always result in prolonged survival of patients with this disease. Design: Single-agent phase II trials were identified by a MEDLINE search of the period from 1976 to 1995. Associations between RR, median survival time (MST) and characteristics of patients who entered the trial, including tumor extent, performance status and prior chemotherapy, were studied by using the logistic regression model. Results: A total of 183 treatment arms in 176 trials (including 10 randomized phase II trials) were identified. The overall RR in the 6768 evaluable patients was 11%. Eleven drugs, cisplatin, epirubicin, ifosfamide, edatrexate, irinotecan, vinorelbine, docetaxel, paclitaxel, etoposide, vindesine, and 254-S, produced a RR of more than 20%. An MST of eight months or longer was obtained with 12 drugs, but there were cases in which no objective responses were produced by these drugs. MST was correlated with RR (r = 0.504, P 〈; 0.0001), but ranged broadly at a given level of RR. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between RR and MST (regression coefficient = 0.60, P = 0.00003) after adjustment for other variables. Conclusions: RR was significantly correlated with MST in single-agent phase II trials for NSCLC, but there is room for further consideration of the endpoint of these trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008473003445
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic characteristics and electrochemical properties of carbon-implanted steels in a non-aqueous acetic acid medium
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 80-81 (1993), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(93)96109-P
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noradrenergic and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves in the pancreatic islets of spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 47 (1993), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Pancreatic islet ; Spontaneously hypertensive rat ; Sympathetic nervous system
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(93)90421-4
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of the gallbladder (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gallbladder ; Osteoclast-like giant cell tumour ; Vimentin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe a rare carcinoma of the gallbladder containing osteoclast-like giant cells. Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was found in the mucosa of the fundus, and osteoclast-like giant cells were present mainly in a haemorrhagic mass protruding from the mucosal surface. The metastatic hepatic tumour was composed chiefly, if not exclusively, of osteoclastoma-like cells, but minute carcinomatous elements were also present. There was an apparent transition between the giant cells and tubular structures in both the gallbladder tumour and hepatic tumour. However, ultrastructural study did not reveal any evidence of epithelial differentiation in the giant cells. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that the mononuclear and giant cells were mesenchymal and histiocytic in nature (vimentin and factor XIII a positive). A few exceptional giant cells transforming from the fine tubular structure were positive for epithelial membrane antigen. In conclusion, the osteoclast-like giant cell tumour component was thought to represent mesenchymal metaplasia in pre-existent adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600216
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) enhance lipopolysaccharide binding to neutrophils via CD14 (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 101-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Neutrophils — Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) — CD14 — Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) — Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent and pleiotropic stimulator of immune cells, binds to neutrophils via CD14, but less densely than to monocytes. The present study was designed to investigate whether cytokines modulate LPS binding to neutrophils via CD14.¶Methods: Neutrophils were cultured with LPS after pretreatment with cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), or granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Binding of LPS and CD14 expression on neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry, using anti-LPS and anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies (mAb).¶Results: LPS alone showed only slight binding to neutrophils, but pretreatment with IFN-γ or TNF-α before LPS exposure markedly increased LPS binding and CD14 expression on the surfaces of neutrophils. The dramatic increase in LPS binding was not seen with IL-1α or G-CSF. Anti-CD14 blocking mAb completely inhibited the binding effect.¶Conclusions: These results demonstrate that IFN-γ and TNF-α enhance LPS binding to neutrophils via CD14, suggesting that the priming effect of cytokines on neutrophils is important for LPS binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050290
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous remission of chronic hepatitis C in children (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 773-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Hepatitis C virus ; Chronic hepatitis C ; Natural history ; Spontaneous remission ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical course of 48 children with chronic hepatitis C (33 boys, 15 girls; mean age: 12.2 years) was monitored for more than 3 years to clarify its natural course. All patients were positive for the second-generation antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and for serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. All but one patient had a history of blood transfusion. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had been abnormal for more than 1.5 years. Spontaneous remission defined as a biochemical remission lasting more than 1 year in association with the disappearance of serum HCV RNA, occurred in 4 (8.3%), however, in 25%, HCV RNA was still detectable in the liver even after its disappearance from serum. In this patient, the level of antibody to HCV core antigen (anti-HCV core) did not decrease significantly and serum HCV RNA eventually reappeared. The serum titre of HCV RNA in the 4 children with spontaneous remission was lower than in the remaining 44 children. Spontaneous remission may occur in children with chronic hepatitis C in whom the serum titre of HCV RNA is low and serum level of anti-HCV core decreases significantly. Assessment of the intrahepatic HCV RNA is necessary to confirm complete remission. Conclusion A low serum titre of HCV RNA and a significant decrease in the serum titre of anti-HCV core were associated with spontaneous remission in children with chronic hepatitis C. Intrahepatic HCV RNA assessment is necessary to confirm complete remission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050710
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive disease rate as a surrogate endpoint of phase II trials for non-small-cell lung cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 731-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: endpoint ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; phase II trial ; progressive disease rate ; response rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Although the potential activity of anticancer agents has been traditionally assessed by the response rate (RR) in phase II trials, there is an increasing need to identify alternative endpoints to evaluate the efficacy of novel types of antineoplastic agents such as cytostatic agents. However, none of the proposed alternatives have been validated. Design: RR, rate of progressive disease (PD), and median survival time (MST) were obtained from 44 treatment arms in 42 single-agent phase II trials for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Correlations between these parameters and their significance in selection of promising drugs were evaluated. Results: The median (range) RR and PD rate per treatment arm were 17% (0%–40%) and 41% (8%–93%), respectively. The PD rate correlated more closely with MST (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.80, P 〈 0.001) than did the RR (r = 0.62, P 〈 0.001). The RR of active agents against NSCLC ranged broadly from 7% to 40%, whereas their PD rates were all 50% or less. In addition, all treatment arms with a PD rate over 50% had a poor MST of six months or shorter. Conclusions: The PD rate was potentially as good an endpoint as RR, and it may be a good candidate for the primary endpoint of phase II trials for novel types of anticancer agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008303921033
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